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NUTRIENT CYCLE.pptx

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The document discusses three nutrient cycles - nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. It explains that a nutrient cycle is the pathway by which nutrients are recycled and reused through organisms, ecosystems, and the environment. It then provides details on the key processes and steps involved in each of the three nutrient cycles, including diagrams to illustrate the cycles. The conclusion emphasizes that nutrient cycling allows necessary elements to move between biotic and abiotic components to sustain life.

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ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY CAS IN MARINE BIOLOGY SUBMITTED BY PRABIR SAHOO M.Sc. Coastal Aquaculture,2nd sem ROLL NO :2222020015 NUTRIENT CYCLES - Nitrogen Cycle,Sulphar Cycle & Phosphorus Cycle
INTRODUCTION WHAT IS NUTRIENT CYCLE ? TYPES OF NUTRITENT CYCLE NITROGEN CYCLE SULPHUR CYCLE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE CONCLUSION REFERENCES SYNOPSIS
INTRODUCTION A nutrient cycle is the cyclic pathway by which nutrients pass-through, in order to be recycled and reutilised. The pathway comprises cells, organisms, community and ecosystem. The cyclic pathway by which nutrients pass- through, in order to be recycled and reutilised. The pathway comprises cells, organisms, community and ecosystem. In the process, nutrients get absorbed, transferred, released and reabsorbed.
WHAT IS NUTRIENT CYCLE ? The nutrient cycle is a system where energy and matter are transferred between living organisms and non-living parts of the environment. This occurs as animals and plants consume nutrients found in the soil, and these nutrients are then released back into the environment via death and decomposition. In forest environments, there is an exchange of nutrient elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen among the soil, plants and animals living within the environment.
What are the essential nutrient? The essential nutrient are mainly two types: 1.Non mineral elements : Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O) 2.Mineral elements : Macronutrients & Micronutrients(Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)
TYPES OF NUTRITENT CYCLE 1. NITROGEN CYCLE : Nitrogen Cycle is a biogeochemical process through which nitrogen is converted into many forms, consecutively passing from the atmosphere to the soil to organism and back into the atmosphere. 2.IMPORTENCE OF THE NITROGEN CYCLE: Helps plants to synthesise chlorophyll from the nitrogen compounds. Helps in converting inert nitrogen gas into a usable form for the plants through the biochemical process. In the process of ammonification, the bacteria help in decomposing the animal and plant matter, which indirectly helps to clean up the environment.
PROCESS OF NITROGEN CYCLE THE PROCESS OF NITROGEN CYCLE HAVE MANY STEPS BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXETION PROTEOLYSIS AMONIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITROGEN REDUCTION
DIAGRAM OF NITROGEN CYCLE
SULPHUR CYCLE The sulphur is released by the weathering of rocks. Sulphur comes in contact with air and is converted into sulphates. Sulphates are taken up by plants and microbes and are converted into organic forms. The organic form of sulphur is then consumed by the animals through their food and thus sulphur moves in the food chain. When the animals die, some of the sulphur is released by decomposition while some enter the tissues of microbes. There are several natural sources such as volcanic eruptions, evaporation of water, and breakdown of organic matter in swamps, that release sulphur directly into the atmosphere. This sulphur falls on earth with rainfall.
Important steps of the sulphur cycle: Decomposition of Organic Compounds Protein degradation releases amino acids that contain sulphur. Sulphates are reduced to H2S by the action of Desulfotomaculum bacteria. Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulphide to Elemental Sulphur Hydrogen sulphide oxidises to produce elemental sulphur. Certain photosynthetic bacteria from the families Chlorobiaceae and Chromatiaceae initiate the oxidation process. Oxidation of Elemental Sulphur Elemental sulphur present in the soil cannot be utilized directly by the plants. Therefore, it is converted into sulphates by chemolithotrophic bacteria. Reduction of Sulphates Sulphates are reduced to hydrogen sulphide by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. This occurs in two steps: Firstly, the sulphates are converted to sulphites utilizing ATP. Secondly, the reduction of sulphite to hydrogen sulphide. STEPS OF SULPHUR CYCLE
DIAGRAM OF SULPHUR CYCLE
Phosphorus cycle is a very slow process. Various weather processes help to wash the phosphorus present in the rocks into the soil. Phosphorus is absorbed by the organic matter in the soil which is used for various biological processes. Phosphorus is an important element for all living organisms. It forms a significant part of the structural framework of DNA and RNA. They are also an important component of ATP. Humans contain 80% of phosphorus in teeth and bones. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
Steps of Phosphorus Cycle Following are the important steps of phosphorus cycle: Weathering Absorption by Plants Absorption by Animals Return to the Environment through Decomposition STEPS OF PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
CONCLUSION The nitrogen cycle, bacteria and fungi help decompose organic matter, where the nitrogenous compounds get dissolved into the soil which is again used by the plants. Through nutrient cycling, the various nutrients necessary for life on earth, move from the respective nutrient pool (in the abiotic components) to the biotic components and back. In nature, the nutrient cycles operate in a balanced manner.
REFERENCES Aquaculture principal and practices by TVR PILLAI Handbook of ICAR https://byjus.com/biology/phosphorus-cycle/ https://byjus.com/neet/nutrient-cycle/
NUTRIENT CYCLE.pptx

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NUTRIENT CYCLE.pptx

  • 1. ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY CAS IN MARINE BIOLOGY SUBMITTED BY PRABIR SAHOO M.Sc. Coastal Aquaculture,2nd sem ROLL NO :2222020015 NUTRIENT CYCLES - Nitrogen Cycle,Sulphar Cycle & Phosphorus Cycle
  • 2. INTRODUCTION WHAT IS NUTRIENT CYCLE ? TYPES OF NUTRITENT CYCLE NITROGEN CYCLE SULPHUR CYCLE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE CONCLUSION REFERENCES SYNOPSIS
  • 3. INTRODUCTION A nutrient cycle is the cyclic pathway by which nutrients pass-through, in order to be recycled and reutilised. The pathway comprises cells, organisms, community and ecosystem. The cyclic pathway by which nutrients pass- through, in order to be recycled and reutilised. The pathway comprises cells, organisms, community and ecosystem. In the process, nutrients get absorbed, transferred, released and reabsorbed.
  • 4. WHAT IS NUTRIENT CYCLE ? The nutrient cycle is a system where energy and matter are transferred between living organisms and non-living parts of the environment. This occurs as animals and plants consume nutrients found in the soil, and these nutrients are then released back into the environment via death and decomposition. In forest environments, there is an exchange of nutrient elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen among the soil, plants and animals living within the environment.
  • 5. What are the essential nutrient? The essential nutrient are mainly two types: 1.Non mineral elements : Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O) 2.Mineral elements : Macronutrients & Micronutrients(Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)
  • 6. TYPES OF NUTRITENT CYCLE 1. NITROGEN CYCLE : Nitrogen Cycle is a biogeochemical process through which nitrogen is converted into many forms, consecutively passing from the atmosphere to the soil to organism and back into the atmosphere. 2.IMPORTENCE OF THE NITROGEN CYCLE: Helps plants to synthesise chlorophyll from the nitrogen compounds. Helps in converting inert nitrogen gas into a usable form for the plants through the biochemical process. In the process of ammonification, the bacteria help in decomposing the animal and plant matter, which indirectly helps to clean up the environment.
  • 7. PROCESS OF NITROGEN CYCLE THE PROCESS OF NITROGEN CYCLE HAVE MANY STEPS BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXETION PROTEOLYSIS AMONIFICATION NITRIFICATION NITROGEN REDUCTION
  • 9. SULPHUR CYCLE The sulphur is released by the weathering of rocks. Sulphur comes in contact with air and is converted into sulphates. Sulphates are taken up by plants and microbes and are converted into organic forms. The organic form of sulphur is then consumed by the animals through their food and thus sulphur moves in the food chain. When the animals die, some of the sulphur is released by decomposition while some enter the tissues of microbes. There are several natural sources such as volcanic eruptions, evaporation of water, and breakdown of organic matter in swamps, that release sulphur directly into the atmosphere. This sulphur falls on earth with rainfall.
  • 10. Important steps of the sulphur cycle: Decomposition of Organic Compounds Protein degradation releases amino acids that contain sulphur. Sulphates are reduced to H2S by the action of Desulfotomaculum bacteria. Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulphide to Elemental Sulphur Hydrogen sulphide oxidises to produce elemental sulphur. Certain photosynthetic bacteria from the families Chlorobiaceae and Chromatiaceae initiate the oxidation process. Oxidation of Elemental Sulphur Elemental sulphur present in the soil cannot be utilized directly by the plants. Therefore, it is converted into sulphates by chemolithotrophic bacteria. Reduction of Sulphates Sulphates are reduced to hydrogen sulphide by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. This occurs in two steps: Firstly, the sulphates are converted to sulphites utilizing ATP. Secondly, the reduction of sulphite to hydrogen sulphide. STEPS OF SULPHUR CYCLE
  • 12. Phosphorus cycle is a very slow process. Various weather processes help to wash the phosphorus present in the rocks into the soil. Phosphorus is absorbed by the organic matter in the soil which is used for various biological processes. Phosphorus is an important element for all living organisms. It forms a significant part of the structural framework of DNA and RNA. They are also an important component of ATP. Humans contain 80% of phosphorus in teeth and bones. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
  • 13. Steps of Phosphorus Cycle Following are the important steps of phosphorus cycle: Weathering Absorption by Plants Absorption by Animals Return to the Environment through Decomposition STEPS OF PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
  • 14. CONCLUSION The nitrogen cycle, bacteria and fungi help decompose organic matter, where the nitrogenous compounds get dissolved into the soil which is again used by the plants. Through nutrient cycling, the various nutrients necessary for life on earth, move from the respective nutrient pool (in the abiotic components) to the biotic components and back. In nature, the nutrient cycles operate in a balanced manner.
  • 15. REFERENCES Aquaculture principal and practices by TVR PILLAI Handbook of ICAR https://byjus.com/biology/phosphorus-cycle/ https://byjus.com/neet/nutrient-cycle/