NUTRITION and DIGESTION in ANIMALS.pptx
- 1. LIFE PROCESS -Part 2 BY AYUSHI SINGH Master of science (zoology), b.ed
- 2. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS -ANIMALS CANNOT MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD THEY OBTAIN FROM PLANTS AND OTHER ANIMALS. HERBIVORES- Those animal which intake only plants are called herbivore. They are called PLANT EATERS. EXAMPLE: Cow, Goat, Deer, Camel, Elephant, Monkey, Ox, Squirrel, Buffalo, Sheep, Horse etc. CARNIVORES- Those animal which intake flesh of other animals are called carnivore. They are called MEAT EATERS. EXAMPLE: Lion, Tiger, Frog, Vulture, Lizard, Wolf, Snake, Kingfisher etc. OMNIVORES- Those animal which intake flesh of other animals as well as plant food. They are called as PLANT & FLESH EATERS. EXAMPLE: Man, Dog, Crow, Sparrow, Bear, Ant etc. SOME NON-GREEN PLANTS OBTAIN FOOD FROM OTHER PLANT AND ANIMAL. EXAMPLE- Pitcher plant, Venus fly trap, Yeast plant.
- 3. STEPS IN PROCESS OF NUTRITION IN ANIMALS INGESTION- The process of engulfing food into the body of an organism. DIGESTION- The process of breaking down of food into small, water soluble molecules. ABSORPTION- The process by which digested food passes through intestinal wall into blood stream. ASSIMILATION- The process of using the absorbed nutrient for the growth, repair and energy production. EGESTION- The process by which undigested food is removed from the body, NUTRITION IN AMOEBA AMOEBA ENGULF ITS FOOD PARTICLE BY USING FINGER LIKE PROJECTION CALLED PSEUDOPODIA. THE FOOD IS ENGULFED WITHIN THE FOOD VACUOLE. THE FOOD WITHIN THE VACUOLE IS BREAK DOWN INTO SMALL SOLUBLE MOLECULE BY DIGESTIVE ENZYMES. THE DIGESTED FOOD IS ABSORBED DIRECTLY INTO CYTOPLASM BY DIFFUSION.
- 4. THE FOOD ABSORBED IN AMOEBA IS USED TO OBTAIN ENERGY THROUGH RESPIRATION. THE UNDIGESTED FOOD COLLECTED IINSIDE CELL MEMBRANE SUDDENLY RUPTURES AND WASTE IS REMOVED THROUGH THE BODY. NUTRITION IN HUMAN BEING The food is ingested through mouth, teeth cut & grind the food into small pieces. The tongue holds the food and mixes the food with saliva. The food after mastication with saliva is converted into bolus form within mouth. The Human saliva consist of SALIVARY AMYLASE which digest the starch present in food into sugar.(first of digestion in Mouth) After digestion food is swallowed by the tongue and passed through food pipe called OESOPHAGUS. The food through PERISTALTIC MOVEMENT moves into the stomach.
- 5. The stomach is J-shaped organ present on left side of Abdomen. The food is churned in the stomach for about 3hours. The food is break down into semi-solid paste. The stomach consist of Three Tubular Glands. The glands present in the wall of stomach secrete gastric juice. The Gastric juice consist of HCl, Pepsin & Mucus. The HCl make stomach acidic in nature. In acidic medium Pepsin begin the digestion of protein. The HCl kills the bacteria enter in stomach with food. The Mucus protects the inner lining of stomach from HCl. The partially digested food then enters into Small Intestine. Small Intestine is the largest part of Alimentary Canal about 6.5metre long in an adult man. The Small Intestine is arranged in form of coil in our Belly. Small Intestine secretes intestinal juice. Maltose maltase(Duodenum) glucose + glucose Lactose lactase(Duodenum) glucose + galactose Sucrose sucrase glucose + fructose Peptones amino acids
- 6. FAT GLOBULE DUODENUM FATTY ACID + GLYCEROL LIVER- It secretes bile juice which is stored in Gall Bladder. Bile activates the lipase enzyme. It is Greenish Yellow in colour. It is alkaline in nature & help to emulsify fats. PANCREASE- It is mixo crime gland. It secretes Pancreatic juice like AMYLASE, TRYPSIN & LIPASE. STARCH PROTEIN FATS VILLI- The inner lining of stomach consist of finger like projection called Villi. The villi help in absorption of Food. ABSORPTION- 90% of nutrients and water is absorbed in Small Intestine. LARGE INTESTINE- The Large Intestine absorbs the remaining 10% of water & electrolytes from undigested materials. Large Intestine is a wider tube, it has three parts COLON, CAECUM & RECTUM. The waste is stored in RECTUM and later on pass through the ANUS as faeces & stool. DIAGRAM
- 7. HUMAN have HETERODONT TEETH(Different shapes & size) DIPHYODONT TEETH(teeth occur two TIME) DENTAL FORMULA 2123足 足 足x 2 = 32 足 足 足 2123 x 2 = 32 Incisors (8), Canines(4), Premolars(8), Molar(12) DENTAL CARIES The formation of small cavities(or holes) in the teeth due to the action of acid forming bacteria and improper dental care is called DENTAL CARIES. IF THE TEETH ARE NOT CLEANED REGULARLY THEY BECOME COVERED WITH A STICKY, YELLOWISH LAYER OF FOOD PARTICLES AND BACTERIA CALLED DENTAL PLAGUE.
- 8. Answer the Following Questions? Define nutrition. Name three parts of Large Intestine. State the function of- (a) Bile (b) HCl (c) Saliva (d) Pepsin Differentiate between- Salivary and Gastric gland Define Assimilation. Name the nutrient that provide energy? Meats are generally considered as a good source of ? - THANK YOU