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CONFIDENTIAL
Dec 2015
This report is solely for KOUDIJS senior management . No part of it may be circulated, quoted, or reproduced for
distribution outside KOUDIJS without prior written approval
Nutrition Disorder
Ahmad Abd Elkhabir (M.Sc)
Product Manager
1
AHMAD ABD ELKHABIR
M.SC ANIMAL NUTRITION
 EMAIL:- A.ABDELKHABIR@KOUDIJSKAPO.COM
AHMAD_KHABIR@HOTMAIL.COM
 MOB:- 00201022209961
00201005546889
 SKYPE:- A.ABDELKHABIR
2
People in training
3
Prisoner Vacationer Sponge
4
FEED
MOISTURE DRY MATTER
ORGANIC MATTERASH
PROTEINCARBOHYDRATEFATMINERALSVITAMINS
FIBER
SOLUBLE
CARBOHYDRATE
MACROMICROWATER
SOLUBLE
FAT
SOLUBLE
5
Protein
Protein
 Largest and most costly part of the ration.
 Composed of amino acids.
6
Protein
True ProteinNon true protein
Amino Acids
Nitrogen
compounds
7
Protein
Crude Protein content Digestible Protein
 total amount of protein in a
feed
 calculated by multiplying
nitrogen content
percentage times 6.25
 the protein in a feed
that can be digested
and used by the animal
 usually about 50-80% of
crude protein
Protein
 Enzymes are composed of protein.
 Protein can be used to supply energy.
 Some animals need more protein than others (young animals
and lactating (milk producing) animals).
8
Types of amino acids
9
Protein
Essential Nonessential
1. Lysine
2. Methionine
3. Histidine
4. Leucine
5. Isoleucine
6. Valine
7. Threonine
8. Tryptophan
9. Phenylalanine
10. Arginine
11. Taurine
1. Cysteine
2. Tyrosine
3. Proline
4. Glutamine
5. Glutamate
6. Glycine
7. Serine
8. Alanine
9. Aspartate
10. Asparagine
11. Hydroxy Proline
 Building blocks of life.
 Tissue development.
 Muscle production.
10
Amino Acids
 Nonspecific:
1. Reduced growth.
2. Reduced feed consumption.
3. Decreased egg production.
4. Decreased egg size.
5. Loss of body weight in adults.
 Consumption of a deficient diet:
1. Distortion in plasma and tissue amino acid levels.
2. Decrease in feed intake.
 secondary amino acid deficiencies:
1. Reduction of body weight gain.
2. Increased body fat.
11
ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID
DEFICIENCISE
Specific Effect
 Methionine deficiency
 Owing to its role in methyl group metabolism.
Choline or vitamin B12 deficiencies.
 Lysine deficiency
Impaired pigmentation of Bronze turkey.
 Stunting and retarded development in chicks.
 Arginine deficiency tends
 Tends the wing feathers to curl upward.
Giving the chick a distinct ruffled appearance.
12
13
14
Carbohydrates
 Main source of energy.
 Compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
 Include sugars, starches and cellulose.
 Almost all come from plants.
 Generally found in grain (corn, wheat, oats and barley).
15
Carbohydrates
16
Carbohydrates
Types of sugars
monosaccharides
simple sugars (Glucose,
fructose and galactose)
Disaccharides
complex sugars (sucrose and
lactose)
Polysaccharides
complex sugars )Starch(
17
Fats
 Group of organic compounds known as lipids.
 Found in plants and animals.
 Provide and store energy.
 Essential fatty acids: necessary for production of some
hormones and hormone like substances.
 Most important sources are the grains that contain oil.
18
Fats
Energy Effect
19
Energy Increase Energy Decrease
1. Increase fat
sedimentation rate
in body.
2. Decrease feed
consumption.
3. Decrease growth.
1. Decrease growth
rate.
2. Decrease body
weight.
 Considered micronutrients.
 Essential for the development of normal body processes
(health, growth, production and reproduction).
 Provides animal with ability to fight stress, disease, and to
maintain good health.
20
Vitamins
21
Vitamins
22
Vitamins
23
Fat Soluble Vitamins
1. Growth.
2. Optimal vision.
3. Integrity of mucous membranes
Epithelial linings of alimentary (Urinary, Genital and
Respiratory system).
4. Vitamin A aldehyde, or retinal (visual pigments).
5. Retinoic acid (embryonic development).
6. The maintenance of epithelial tissues.
7. Mucus production.
8. Bone growth.
9. Immunity.
24
Vitamin A
 Develop within 25 months.
 Emaciated and weak.
 Feathers are ruffled.
 Egg production .
 Time between clutches .
 Hatchability .
 Watery discharge (nostrils and eyes).
 Milky white, caseous material (eyes).
25
Vitamin A Deficiency
1. Metabolism of calcium and phosphorus.
2. Intestinal absorption of calcium.
3. Osteoblast and osteoclast activity.
4. Renal tubular reabsorption of calcium.
5. Vitamin D2 is not efficiently used by poultry.
26
Vitamin D
1. Laying hens (after 2 weeks).
 Thin-shelled and soft-shelled eggs.
 Egg production.
 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in
the blood.
 Blood calcium.
 Leg weakness.
 Penguin-type squat.
 Soft later, beak, claws, keel.
27
Vitamin D Deficiency
2. Hatchability.
3. Chick.
 Abnormal mandibles .
 Rickets.
 Poor Feathering.
 Serum phosphatase .
28
Vitamin D Deficiency
1. Antioxidant effect:
 Reduces production of lipid.
2. Fertility.
3. Immune stimulant.
29
Vitamin E
1. Hatchability of eggs.
2. Embryonic death as early as the fourth day of incubation.
3. Bilateral cataracts (Turkey embryos).
4. Testicular degeneration.
5. Fertility disorders.
6. Reduced hatchability.
7. Liver lesions and changes in fat deposits.
8. Death.
30
Vitamin E Deficiency
1. Prothrombin.
2. Osteocalcin.
3. Other calcium binding proteins.
Deficiency of vitamin K:
1. Prolonged blood-clotting time.
2. Poor Growth.
31
Vitamin K
32
Water Soluble Vitamins
 important cofactor in:
 Oxidative decarboxylation reactions.
 Aldehyde exchanges in carbohydrate metabolism.
 Anorexia, Polyneuritis, Death.
Deficiency
1. Loss of weight.
2. Ruffled feathers.
3. Leg weakness.
4. Drop body temperature.
5. Decrease in respiration rate.
33
Vitamin Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
 NAD- and NADP-cytochrome reductases.
 Succinic dehydrogenase.
 Acyl dehydrogenase.
 Diaphoresis.
Deficiency
 Poor growth.
 Weak.
 Diarrhea.
 Do not walk.
 Curled toe paralysis.
 egg production .
  embryonic mortality.
  in size and fat content of the liver.
  Hatchability of eggs.
34
Vitamin Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
 Involved in: transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids
Deficiency
CHICKEN:
 Depressed appetite.
 Poor growth.
 Death.
Duckling:
 Poor growth.
 Weakness.
 Death.
Adult birds:
 egg production and hatchability .
 Decreased feed consumption.
 Loss of weight.
 Death.
35
Vitamin pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
Involved in:-
 Nucleic acid and methyl synthesis.
 Carbohydrate and fat metabolism.
Deficiency
 Slow growth.
 Decreased efficiency of feed utilization.
 Mortality.
 Reduced egg size and hatchability.
36
Vitamin Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
component of coenzyme A.
Deficiency
 Broken feathers.
 Poor growth.
 Mortality.
 Liver is hypertrophied.
 Duodenal and pancreatic lesions.
 lymphocytic necrosis.
37
Pantothenic Acid
Component in 2 important coenzymes:
 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).
 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADP).
Deficiency
 Inflammation of the mouth.
 Diarrhea.
 Poor feathering.
 Decreased rate of egg production.
 Reduced hatchability.
38
Nicotinic Acid (Niacin)
Factor in carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions
Deficiency
 Embryonic mortality.
 Fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS).
 Sudden death syndrome.
39
Biotin
Together with vitamin B12, it converts homocysteine into methionine.
Deficiency
Chicks:
1. Poor growth.
2. Very poor feathering.
3. Anemia (severe macrocytic anemia).
Breeders:
Increase in embryonic mortality.
40
Folic Acid
 Antioxidant effect.
 Improve Immunity.
 Improved fertility.
 Decrease stress.
Deficiency
1. Bone diseases.
2. Reduced eggshell stability.
3. Reduced immune reaction in general and after vaccination.
4. Decreased fertility.
41
Vitamin C
Methyl source in synthesis:
Methyl-containing compounds:
Methionine.
Carnitine.
Deficiency
 Poor growth.
 Increase fat in the liver.
42
Choline
43
Minerals
44
Macro Minerals
Minerals Source
Ca
 Rock phosphorus plants produced from phosphate rock contains approximately
34% calcium
 DI calcium from producer of phosphate rock phosphate (after getting rid of
fluorine) or from the bone after a private transaction and containing 23%
 bone powder plants with steam containing 31%
 limestone contain about 37%
P
 Rock phosphorus plants produced from phosphate rock contains about 15%
phosphorus (P).
 DI calcium produced phosphate from the phosphate rock (after getting rid of
fluorine) or from the bone after a private transaction and containing 18% P.
 bone laboratory powder steam contains 14.5% P.
Na  Salt
Cl  Salt
magnesium  Premix
potassium  Premix
Sulfur  Premix
45
Micro Minerals
1. Manganese.
2. Zinc.
3. Iron.
4. Copper.
5. Molybdenum.
6. Selenium.
7. Iodine.
8. Cobalt.
All of these salts may be obtained synthetically, and are usually
vehicle with each other in the form of a mixture with vitamins
and added to the feed at a fixed rate (for example, from 2 to 4 kg
per 1,000 kg).
46
Macro Minerals
Utilization of calcium and phosphorus
depends on vitamin D
 Bone formation
 Eggshell formation.
 Clotting of blood.
 Contraction of cardiac muscle.
 Regulation of cellular metabolism.
Deficiency
 Rickets.
 Reduced egg production.
 Bones become so thin.
 Thin-shelled eggs.
47
Calcium and Phosphorus
 Increased respiratory rates.
 Blood CO2 and O2 were decreased.
 Died of right ventricular failure.
Excess Calcium
 Nephrosis and visceral urate deposition.
 Urolithiasis.
48
Phosphorous Deficiency and Calcium
Excess
Sodium
 Maintenance of membrane potentials.
 Cellular transport processes.
 Regulation of the hydrogen ion.
Chloride
 Extracellular fluid.
 Ionic balance.
 Acid-base balance.
49
Sodium and Chlorine (Salt)
 Develop softening of bones.
 Adrenal hypertrophy.
 Decrease in both plasma and special fluid volumes.
 Cardiac Output dropt.
 Elasticity of subcutaneous tissue decreases.
 Impaired adrenal function.
 State of shock results.
 Death.
laying hens
 Decrease of egg production.
 Reduced egg size.
 Loss of weight.
 Cannibalism.
50
Deficiency
Young chicks more susceptible than older chickens
Signs:
 Inability to stand.
 Muscular weakness.
 Convulsive movements.
 Death.
 Right ventricular hypertrophy.
 Right ventricular failure.
 Sudden death.
 Wet litter.
51
Excess Salt
 Maintenance of membrane potential.
 Cellular fluid balance.
 Necessary for normal heart activity.
Deficiency
 Muscle weakness.
 Poor intestinal tone with distention.
 Cardiac weakness.
 Weakness of the respiratory muscles.
 Death.
 Decreased egg production.
 Eggshell thinning.
52
Potassium
Magnesium is found in the bones and is needed to build proteins.
Involved in metabolism of (fat, carbohydrate and protein).
Deficiency
 Egg production reduce.
 Death.
 Spasm.
53
Magnesium
Sulphur is found in protein molecules.
Involved in production of vitamins.
Deficiency
 Poor growth.
54
Sulfur
55
Micro Minerals
56
Manganese
Activator of several enzymes.
Deficiency
 Low hatchability of fertile eggs.
 Chondrodystrophic embryos:
 Short, thickened legs.
 Short wings.
 Globular contour of head.
 Protruding abdomen.
 Retarded down.
57
Iodine
Normal functioning of the thyroid gland.
Deficiency
 Thyroid tissue enlarges.
 Mortality late in incubation.
 Delayed Hatching time.
58
Copper
Essential for formation of hemoglobin.
Deficiency
 Anemia.
 Feather pigmentation impaired.
Laying hens:
 Reduced egg production.
 Increased egg size.
 Abnormal eggshell calcification.
59
Iron
Essential component of:
 Hemoglobin.
 Catalase.
 Peroxidase.
 Phenylalanine hydroxylase.
 Tyrosine.
 Proline hydroxylase.
Deficiency
 Hypochromic, microcytic anemia.
 Feather pigmentation.
 Reduced hatchability.
60
Zinc
Deficiency:
 Retarded growth.
 Poor feathering.
 Enlarged hocks.
 Short, thickened long bones.
 Scaling of the skin and dermatosis (particularly on the feet).
 Increased hematocrit.
1. Glutathione peroxidase.
2. Protect tissues against oxidative damage.
Deficiency
 Exudative diathesis.
 Low body weight gain.
 Increased mortality.
 Poor growth and feathering.
 Impaired fat digestion.
 Pancreatic atrophy.
61
Selenium
Thank you for your
attention
Best together

More Related Content

Nutrition disorder

  • 1. CONFIDENTIAL Dec 2015 This report is solely for KOUDIJS senior management . No part of it may be circulated, quoted, or reproduced for distribution outside KOUDIJS without prior written approval Nutrition Disorder Ahmad Abd Elkhabir (M.Sc) Product Manager 1
  • 2. AHMAD ABD ELKHABIR M.SC ANIMAL NUTRITION EMAIL:- A.ABDELKHABIR@KOUDIJSKAPO.COM AHMAD_KHABIR@HOTMAIL.COM MOB:- 00201022209961 00201005546889 SKYPE:- A.ABDELKHABIR 2
  • 3. People in training 3 Prisoner Vacationer Sponge
  • 4. 4 FEED MOISTURE DRY MATTER ORGANIC MATTERASH PROTEINCARBOHYDRATEFATMINERALSVITAMINS FIBER SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE MACROMICROWATER SOLUBLE FAT SOLUBLE
  • 6. Protein Largest and most costly part of the ration. Composed of amino acids. 6 Protein True ProteinNon true protein Amino Acids Nitrogen compounds
  • 7. 7 Protein Crude Protein content Digestible Protein total amount of protein in a feed calculated by multiplying nitrogen content percentage times 6.25 the protein in a feed that can be digested and used by the animal usually about 50-80% of crude protein
  • 8. Protein Enzymes are composed of protein. Protein can be used to supply energy. Some animals need more protein than others (young animals and lactating (milk producing) animals). 8
  • 9. Types of amino acids 9 Protein Essential Nonessential 1. Lysine 2. Methionine 3. Histidine 4. Leucine 5. Isoleucine 6. Valine 7. Threonine 8. Tryptophan 9. Phenylalanine 10. Arginine 11. Taurine 1. Cysteine 2. Tyrosine 3. Proline 4. Glutamine 5. Glutamate 6. Glycine 7. Serine 8. Alanine 9. Aspartate 10. Asparagine 11. Hydroxy Proline
  • 10. Building blocks of life. Tissue development. Muscle production. 10 Amino Acids
  • 11. Nonspecific: 1. Reduced growth. 2. Reduced feed consumption. 3. Decreased egg production. 4. Decreased egg size. 5. Loss of body weight in adults. Consumption of a deficient diet: 1. Distortion in plasma and tissue amino acid levels. 2. Decrease in feed intake. secondary amino acid deficiencies: 1. Reduction of body weight gain. 2. Increased body fat. 11 ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID DEFICIENCISE
  • 12. Specific Effect Methionine deficiency Owing to its role in methyl group metabolism. Choline or vitamin B12 deficiencies. Lysine deficiency Impaired pigmentation of Bronze turkey. Stunting and retarded development in chicks. Arginine deficiency tends Tends the wing feathers to curl upward. Giving the chick a distinct ruffled appearance. 12
  • 13. 13
  • 15. Main source of energy. Compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Include sugars, starches and cellulose. Almost all come from plants. Generally found in grain (corn, wheat, oats and barley). 15 Carbohydrates
  • 16. 16 Carbohydrates Types of sugars monosaccharides simple sugars (Glucose, fructose and galactose) Disaccharides complex sugars (sucrose and lactose) Polysaccharides complex sugars )Starch(
  • 18. Group of organic compounds known as lipids. Found in plants and animals. Provide and store energy. Essential fatty acids: necessary for production of some hormones and hormone like substances. Most important sources are the grains that contain oil. 18 Fats
  • 19. Energy Effect 19 Energy Increase Energy Decrease 1. Increase fat sedimentation rate in body. 2. Decrease feed consumption. 3. Decrease growth. 1. Decrease growth rate. 2. Decrease body weight.
  • 20. Considered micronutrients. Essential for the development of normal body processes (health, growth, production and reproduction). Provides animal with ability to fight stress, disease, and to maintain good health. 20 Vitamins
  • 24. 1. Growth. 2. Optimal vision. 3. Integrity of mucous membranes Epithelial linings of alimentary (Urinary, Genital and Respiratory system). 4. Vitamin A aldehyde, or retinal (visual pigments). 5. Retinoic acid (embryonic development). 6. The maintenance of epithelial tissues. 7. Mucus production. 8. Bone growth. 9. Immunity. 24 Vitamin A
  • 25. Develop within 25 months. Emaciated and weak. Feathers are ruffled. Egg production . Time between clutches . Hatchability . Watery discharge (nostrils and eyes). Milky white, caseous material (eyes). 25 Vitamin A Deficiency
  • 26. 1. Metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. 2. Intestinal absorption of calcium. 3. Osteoblast and osteoclast activity. 4. Renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. 5. Vitamin D2 is not efficiently used by poultry. 26 Vitamin D
  • 27. 1. Laying hens (after 2 weeks). Thin-shelled and soft-shelled eggs. Egg production. 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the blood. Blood calcium. Leg weakness. Penguin-type squat. Soft later, beak, claws, keel. 27 Vitamin D Deficiency
  • 28. 2. Hatchability. 3. Chick. Abnormal mandibles . Rickets. Poor Feathering. Serum phosphatase . 28 Vitamin D Deficiency
  • 29. 1. Antioxidant effect: Reduces production of lipid. 2. Fertility. 3. Immune stimulant. 29 Vitamin E
  • 30. 1. Hatchability of eggs. 2. Embryonic death as early as the fourth day of incubation. 3. Bilateral cataracts (Turkey embryos). 4. Testicular degeneration. 5. Fertility disorders. 6. Reduced hatchability. 7. Liver lesions and changes in fat deposits. 8. Death. 30 Vitamin E Deficiency
  • 31. 1. Prothrombin. 2. Osteocalcin. 3. Other calcium binding proteins. Deficiency of vitamin K: 1. Prolonged blood-clotting time. 2. Poor Growth. 31 Vitamin K
  • 33. important cofactor in: Oxidative decarboxylation reactions. Aldehyde exchanges in carbohydrate metabolism. Anorexia, Polyneuritis, Death. Deficiency 1. Loss of weight. 2. Ruffled feathers. 3. Leg weakness. 4. Drop body temperature. 5. Decrease in respiration rate. 33 Vitamin Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
  • 34. NAD- and NADP-cytochrome reductases. Succinic dehydrogenase. Acyl dehydrogenase. Diaphoresis. Deficiency Poor growth. Weak. Diarrhea. Do not walk. Curled toe paralysis. egg production . embryonic mortality. in size and fat content of the liver. Hatchability of eggs. 34 Vitamin Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
  • 35. Involved in: transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids Deficiency CHICKEN: Depressed appetite. Poor growth. Death. Duckling: Poor growth. Weakness. Death. Adult birds: egg production and hatchability . Decreased feed consumption. Loss of weight. Death. 35 Vitamin pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
  • 36. Involved in:- Nucleic acid and methyl synthesis. Carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Deficiency Slow growth. Decreased efficiency of feed utilization. Mortality. Reduced egg size and hatchability. 36 Vitamin Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
  • 37. component of coenzyme A. Deficiency Broken feathers. Poor growth. Mortality. Liver is hypertrophied. Duodenal and pancreatic lesions. lymphocytic necrosis. 37 Pantothenic Acid
  • 38. Component in 2 important coenzymes: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADP). Deficiency Inflammation of the mouth. Diarrhea. Poor feathering. Decreased rate of egg production. Reduced hatchability. 38 Nicotinic Acid (Niacin)
  • 39. Factor in carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions Deficiency Embryonic mortality. Fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS). Sudden death syndrome. 39 Biotin
  • 40. Together with vitamin B12, it converts homocysteine into methionine. Deficiency Chicks: 1. Poor growth. 2. Very poor feathering. 3. Anemia (severe macrocytic anemia). Breeders: Increase in embryonic mortality. 40 Folic Acid
  • 41. Antioxidant effect. Improve Immunity. Improved fertility. Decrease stress. Deficiency 1. Bone diseases. 2. Reduced eggshell stability. 3. Reduced immune reaction in general and after vaccination. 4. Decreased fertility. 41 Vitamin C
  • 42. Methyl source in synthesis: Methyl-containing compounds: Methionine. Carnitine. Deficiency Poor growth. Increase fat in the liver. 42 Choline
  • 44. 44 Macro Minerals Minerals Source Ca Rock phosphorus plants produced from phosphate rock contains approximately 34% calcium DI calcium from producer of phosphate rock phosphate (after getting rid of fluorine) or from the bone after a private transaction and containing 23% bone powder plants with steam containing 31% limestone contain about 37% P Rock phosphorus plants produced from phosphate rock contains about 15% phosphorus (P). DI calcium produced phosphate from the phosphate rock (after getting rid of fluorine) or from the bone after a private transaction and containing 18% P. bone laboratory powder steam contains 14.5% P. Na Salt Cl Salt magnesium Premix potassium Premix Sulfur Premix
  • 45. 45 Micro Minerals 1. Manganese. 2. Zinc. 3. Iron. 4. Copper. 5. Molybdenum. 6. Selenium. 7. Iodine. 8. Cobalt. All of these salts may be obtained synthetically, and are usually vehicle with each other in the form of a mixture with vitamins and added to the feed at a fixed rate (for example, from 2 to 4 kg per 1,000 kg).
  • 47. Utilization of calcium and phosphorus depends on vitamin D Bone formation Eggshell formation. Clotting of blood. Contraction of cardiac muscle. Regulation of cellular metabolism. Deficiency Rickets. Reduced egg production. Bones become so thin. Thin-shelled eggs. 47 Calcium and Phosphorus
  • 48. Increased respiratory rates. Blood CO2 and O2 were decreased. Died of right ventricular failure. Excess Calcium Nephrosis and visceral urate deposition. Urolithiasis. 48 Phosphorous Deficiency and Calcium Excess
  • 49. Sodium Maintenance of membrane potentials. Cellular transport processes. Regulation of the hydrogen ion. Chloride Extracellular fluid. Ionic balance. Acid-base balance. 49 Sodium and Chlorine (Salt)
  • 50. Develop softening of bones. Adrenal hypertrophy. Decrease in both plasma and special fluid volumes. Cardiac Output dropt. Elasticity of subcutaneous tissue decreases. Impaired adrenal function. State of shock results. Death. laying hens Decrease of egg production. Reduced egg size. Loss of weight. Cannibalism. 50 Deficiency
  • 51. Young chicks more susceptible than older chickens Signs: Inability to stand. Muscular weakness. Convulsive movements. Death. Right ventricular hypertrophy. Right ventricular failure. Sudden death. Wet litter. 51 Excess Salt
  • 52. Maintenance of membrane potential. Cellular fluid balance. Necessary for normal heart activity. Deficiency Muscle weakness. Poor intestinal tone with distention. Cardiac weakness. Weakness of the respiratory muscles. Death. Decreased egg production. Eggshell thinning. 52 Potassium
  • 53. Magnesium is found in the bones and is needed to build proteins. Involved in metabolism of (fat, carbohydrate and protein). Deficiency Egg production reduce. Death. Spasm. 53 Magnesium
  • 54. Sulphur is found in protein molecules. Involved in production of vitamins. Deficiency Poor growth. 54 Sulfur
  • 56. 56 Manganese Activator of several enzymes. Deficiency Low hatchability of fertile eggs. Chondrodystrophic embryos: Short, thickened legs. Short wings. Globular contour of head. Protruding abdomen. Retarded down.
  • 57. 57 Iodine Normal functioning of the thyroid gland. Deficiency Thyroid tissue enlarges. Mortality late in incubation. Delayed Hatching time.
  • 58. 58 Copper Essential for formation of hemoglobin. Deficiency Anemia. Feather pigmentation impaired. Laying hens: Reduced egg production. Increased egg size. Abnormal eggshell calcification.
  • 59. 59 Iron Essential component of: Hemoglobin. Catalase. Peroxidase. Phenylalanine hydroxylase. Tyrosine. Proline hydroxylase. Deficiency Hypochromic, microcytic anemia. Feather pigmentation. Reduced hatchability.
  • 60. 60 Zinc Deficiency: Retarded growth. Poor feathering. Enlarged hocks. Short, thickened long bones. Scaling of the skin and dermatosis (particularly on the feet). Increased hematocrit.
  • 61. 1. Glutathione peroxidase. 2. Protect tissues against oxidative damage. Deficiency Exudative diathesis. Low body weight gain. Increased mortality. Poor growth and feathering. Impaired fat digestion. Pancreatic atrophy. 61 Selenium
  • 62. Thank you for your attention Best together