![MSL from satellite radar altimetry
10-day coverage of Topex & Jason
North Sea mean sea level
seasonal signals removed
)))
NOAA
))
Change in mean sea level [mm]
trend: 1.7 賊 0.4 mm/year
) )
100
)
Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry
NOAANESDISSTAR
0
Jason-2
-100 Envisat
Jason-1
GFO
Observing Sea Level
ERS-2 8
TOPEX
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/observingsealevel29112012-121203090902-phpapp02/85/Observing-Sea-Level-8-320.jpg)
Observing Sea Level
- 1. Observing Sea Level R Klees Department of Geoscience & Remote Sensing 11/29/12University of Technology Delft Delft University of Technology Challenge the future
- 2. What is sea level? ≒ Distance of water level from some reference point ≒ Absolute and relative sea level ≒ (Global) Mean sea level fixed point on land relative sea level absolute sea level Observing Sea Level 2
- 3. How is sea level measured? Floats + satellite Tide gauge Satellite radar altimetry gravimetry Observing Sea Level 3
- 4. Tide gauge measurement system Basic principle Ruler edged staff Observing Sea Level 4
- 5. Tide gauge technical realizations Radar gauge @ Liverpool Acoustic gauge Classical float gauge @ Hamburg (from ~1832) Observing Sea Level 5
- 6. 25 well-selected tide gauge records 20 15 10 5 SL (mm) 0 -5 -10 -15 Rate ~ 1.8 賊 0.1 mm/yr -20 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Nerem 2005 Year Observing Sea Level 6
- 7. Satellite radar altimetry Observing Sea Level 7
- 8. MSL from satellite radar altimetry 10-day coverage of Topex & Jason North Sea mean sea level seasonal signals removed ))) NOAA )) Change in mean sea level [mm] trend: 1.7 賊 0.4 mm/year ) ) 100 ) Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry NOAANESDISSTAR 0 Jason-2 -100 Envisat Jason-1 GFO Observing Sea Level ERS-2 8 TOPEX 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
- 9. Observing changes in the volume of ocean water ARGO GRACE due to changes in due to changes in ocean water density + total ocean water mass Observing Sea Level 9
- 10. Observing ocean water temperaturefloats ARGO Surface Pressure Profile data Observing Sea Level 10
- 11. ARGO network Observing Sea Level 11
- 12. Changes in the volume of ocean water RA versus ARGO+GRACE GRACE versus RA-ARGO ARGO versus RA-GRACE ARGO GRACE Leuliette & Miller 2009 Observing Sea Level 12
- 13. Some issues with sea level records ≒Vertical land movement GPS Abs grav Geology or GIA models Observing Sea Level 13 2000-2050
- 14. Some issues with sea level records ≒Uneven geographic distribution PSMSL stations Woodworth et al 2011 Observing Sea Level 14
- 15. Some issues with sea level records ≒Uneven geographic distribution PSMSL stations with record > 60 yrs Woodworth et al 2011 Observing Sea Level 15
- 16. Some issues with sea level records ≒Uneven geographic distribution Regional mean sea level trends (Jan 1993 April 2012) Observing Sea Level 16
- 17. Some issues with sea level records ≒Calibration of radar altimeters Nerem 2005 ≒ 賊 0.4 mm/yr tide gauge calibration error ≒ dominated by errors in vertical land movement from GPS data Sea Level Observing 17
- 18. Predicted present-day impact of GIA on relative sea level change on absolute sea level change measured by tide gauges measured by radar altimetry on change in water mass Observing Sea Level 18 Tamisiea 2011 measured by GRACE
- 19. New techniques for sea level measurements Spar buoy, NOAA Waverider GPS buoy, University GNSS altimetry 19 Observing Sea Level of Tasmania (PARIS concept)