OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS.pptx
- 1. 1 Ikiriza Antony OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
- 2. 2 By the end of this lectures students should be able; Differentiate between hazard and risks Describe the Classifications of occupational health and safety hazards To Identify the occupational health and safety hazards in various workplaces Discuss the range of hazards in LEARNING OBJECTIVES
- 3. 3 Hazard: is a condition or set of circumstances that has a potential of causing harm or contributing to injury or death. Safety hazards: hazards that can cause accidents, injuries, and sometimes even death Heath hazards: those hazards that can cause occupational disease or illness Risk: A combination of likelihood that injury or damage to peoples health, or property will occur and the severity OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
- 4. 4 Planning and Design (people involved in planning and design activities may create hazards) Production and Distribution (production, process, distribution can result in hazards) Maintenance and Repair (hazards may come from insufficient, delayed and improper maintenance) Communication (poor communication or failures in communications can introduce hazards) SOURCES OF HAZARDS
- 5. 5 Chemical hazards Physical hazards Biological hazards Ergonomic hazards Psycho-social hazards TYPES OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
- 6. 6 Classification of dangerous chemicals Carcinogens Corrosion Oxidizing Harmful Very toxic and toxic Irritant Highly flammable Explosive CHEMICAL HAZARDS
- 7. 7 Hazard warning signs and symbols Source: Barbara A. Plog, Fundamentals of Industrial hygiene, 4th. Edition, 1996
- 8. 8 These are agents that cause cancer These can be identified in epidemiological studies They include: Asbestos, Benzene, Rubber Manufacture, Coke Oven Emissions, Lead, Chromium, Wood Dusts, Vinyl Chloride, Chloroform, DDT, Beryllium, Asbestos,Cadmi CARCINOGENS
- 9. 9 1. Asphyxiation 2. Systemic intoxication 3. Pneumoconiosis (occupational lung disease due to inhalation of dust usually in mines) 4. Cancers 5. Irritation 6. Mutagenicity 7.Teratogenicity EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS
- 10. 10 Extremes of temperature Ionizing radiation Non ionizing radiation Excessive noise Vibrations PHYSICAL HAZARDS
- 11. 11 Any living organism with potential to caus e harm to humans They can be transmitted via inhalation, co ntact, ingestion and Injection They include: Bacteria Viruses Fungi Mold Protozoa Animals and insects BIO HAZARDS (BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS)
- 12. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS VIRUSES FUNGI BACTERIA PARASITES 12
- 13. SELECTED INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND OCCUPATIONS Agent / Disease Occupation Colds, influenza, scarlet fever, diphtheria, smallpox May be contracted anywhere Tuberculosis Silica workers, people exposed to heat and organic dusts, and medical personnel Anthrax Animal handlers and handlers of carcasses, skins, hides, or hair of infected animals, including wool carpet carpet processors and handlers. Ringworm (in horses, cattle, deer, pigs, cats, dogs, birds) Pet shop salesmen, stockmen, breeders of cats and dogs, and other animal handlers Tetanus Farmers (spores in soil) or anyone in contact with manure. Psittacosis (in parrots, parakeets, pigeons, ducks, turkeys, chickens, etc.) Pet shop personnel, gardeners, housewives, veterinary surgeons, and researchers. 13
- 14. SELECTED INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND OCCUPATIONS Agent / Disease Occupation Hookworm Miners, agricultural laborers, planters of sugar, tobacco, tea, rice and cotton, and brick and tunnel workers. Rabies (e.g. dogs, bats, rats, pigs, cats) Veterinarians, letter carriers, laboratory research workers, agricultural workers. Fungus Farmers, outdoor workers, animal handlers 14
- 15. BODY FLUIDS WITH HIGH VIRAL LOAD Blood Semen Vaginal and cervical mucus Breastmilk Amniotic fluid Cerebrospinal fluid 15
- 16. 16 In summary exposure to Biohazards can be thro ugh; Laboratory research Hospitals Laundry Housekeeping Health care Diet Contact with the skin EXPOSURES TO BIO HAZARDS
- 17. 17 There are numerous psychosocial factors, which operate at workplace. These are the human relationships among workers themselves and those in authorities over them. Examples of psychosocial factors include:- The type and rhythm of work. Work stability. Sexual and other forms of harassment Job satisfaction. Leadership style. Security. Workers` participation and communication. Motivation and incentives. PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS
- 18. STRESS Manifestations of Stress PHYSIOLOGICAL Heart rate Blood pressure Indigestion BEHAVIORAL Drug use Alcohol intake Heavy smoking Impulsive emotiona l behavior Poor work & family relationship Social isolation Family abandonme nt Sleep problems PSYCHOLOGICAL Fatigue Anxiety Tension Irritability Depression Boredom Inability to concentrat e Low esteem 18
- 19. Ergonomics, also known as human engineering or human factors engineering. The science of designing machines, products, and systems to maximize the safety, comfort, and efficiency of the people who use them. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS 19
- 20. As result of improper designing of work systems. May cause musculoskeletal injuries. The main areas of concern for ergonomic hazards include: equipment layout and operation lifting, pushing and pulling (manual handling) systems and computer programs task, job and workplace design workstation design and height. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS 20
- 21. ERGONOMICS the tool the workstation the task (job content & context) the organization the environment 21
- 23. Forceful exertion Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS 23
- 24. RISK FACTOR: ERGONOMICS Repetitive movement 24
- 25. RISK FACTOR: ERGONOMICS Extreme range of motion 25
- 26. RISK FACTOR: ERGONOMICS Awkward posture 26
- 27. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES Occupational diseases are adverse health conditions in the human being, the occurrence or severity of which is related to exposure to factors on the job or in the work environment. Such factors can be: Physical: e.g. heat, noise, radiation Chemical: e.g. solvents, pesticides, heavy metals, dust Biological: e.g. tuberculosis, hepatitis B virus, HIV Ergonomic: e.g. improperly designed tools or work areas, repetitive motions Psychosocial stressors: e.g. lack of control over work, inadequate personal support Mechanical: these mainly cause work accidents and injuries rather than occupational diseases. 27
- 28. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES Occupational diseases are slow to develop, less dramatic and even less obvious. Due to their gradual effects they do not receive publicity. Losses attributable to occupational diseases over time are more difficult to describe compared to injuries. 28
- 29. MOST COMMON OCC DISEASES Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) Pneumoconioses (mining operations) Respiratory eg. Occupational asthma (paints) Occupational dermatoses (skin disorders) MSDs (lack of ergonomics) Psychiatric disorders (post-traumatic stress), drug abuse Hepatitis B and C, TB, HIV, anthrax, etc (health care, vet) Occupational cancer (chemical, pesticides, dyes) Cardiovascular disorders Gasto-intestinal disorders Visual disorders Neurological disorders Reproductive disorders 29
- 30. SUMMARY There is an unlimited number of hazards that can be found in almost every workplace. These include both obvious unsafe working conditions and insidious, less obvious hazards. Hazards often are built into the workplace. Therefore, workplace managers must ensure that hazards are removed, rather than trying to get workers to adapt to unsafe conditions. The most effective accident and disease prevention begins when work processes are still in the design stage, when safe conditions can be built into the work process. 30
- 31. ACTIVITY Read and make notes about identification of occupational health and safety hazards Discuss the different occupational hazards in your workplace. 31
Editor's Notes
- #4: Risk- chance that harm (illness, injury, disorder, impairment) will arises due to exposure to an occupation hazard