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Of Bytes, Cycles and Battery Life

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Mario Zechner

This document discusses various tools for analyzing and optimizing Android application performance and resource usage. It describes how to reduce APK size by minimizing assets, code size, and using expansion files. Memory analysis tools discussed include DDMS Heap View, Allocation Tracker, and Eclipse MAT. Performance can be analyzed using DDMS, Systrace, and native code profilers. Graphics performance is best optimized by reducing overdraw and draw calls, which can be measured using the Overdraw Visualizer and Tracer for OpenGL.

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Of Bytes, Cycles and Battery Life
Who am I? [2] [1] @badlogicgames http://www.badlogicgames.com
What ill talk about How to reduce your APK size Memory Analysis Tools Performance Analysis Tools
How to reduce your APK size Reduce asset size pngcrush your PNGs [3] SVG (YMMV) [4] lower bit-rates for audio Reduce code size Remove unnecessary dependencies! Proguard, for Class files [5] [6] Dexguard, for Dex files [7]
But i cant reduce my APK size Multiple-APKs to the rescue [8] One APK per screen density One APK per texture compression algorithm Use Google Play filters Easier with new Android Gradle build system APK Expansion files [9] hosted by Google Roll your own Expansion files Avoid if you can!
Memory Analysis Tools But we have a Garbage Collector! You can still leak memory Nasty static vars referencing unused objects Hidden object references Native memory allocated by Java classes If you write games, GC kills your steady framerate
DDMS [10] Heap View
DDMS Allocation Tracker
HPROF/Eclipse MAT [11] Select the process Click Save to a location of your choice Convert to real HPROF file Open in Eclipse MAT [12]
HPROF/Eclipse MAT
HPROF/Eclipse MAT
HPROF/Eclipse MAT
Performance Analysis Tools Why do we want to analyse? Jerky animations Do less, conserve battery Better user Experience What do we want to analyse? Time spent in Java code Time spent in Native code Time spent drawing stuff
Before we start... Never use the emulator! Ever, think of the kittens Identify hotspots in your app, not in microbenchmarks Only spend time if you have a real problem
Java Profilers DDMS Quite capable method level profiler Good enough for 99% of use cases Works with any Android version 4.1+ Profiling tools Systrace [13], More powerful, also tracks OS calls Needs root and Android 4.1+ Well check out the graphical parts later
DDMS Start app Navigate to problematic activity, hit Wait a bit, hit View profiling data Ignore absolute time, only care for relative timings Ignore trivial getters/setters, instrumentation messes with timings
DDMS
Native Code Profilers Android NDK Profiler [14] Not an official NDK tool Setup a bit involved Device specific CPU profilers NVIDIA Nsight [15], ... Roll your own Instrument manually Track down hotspots
Graphics Profilers What do we analyse? Overdraw, your biggest enemy Draw calls, your second biggest enemy Use DDMS/systrace Related to memory Textures on VRAM (which is usually RAM) Bitmaps in RAM
Graphics Profilers 4.1+ Profiling tools GPU Vendor Specific NVIDIA [16], Qualcomm [17], Imagination Technologies [18] Outside of scope of this talk
Visualize Overdraw [19]
Visualize Overdraw Normal Color 0 Overdraw Blue 1x Overdraw Green 2x Overdraw Light Red 3x Overdraw Dark Red +4x Overdraw
Visualize Overdraw Hierarchy View [20] Window -> Open Perspective -> Other...
Visualize Overdraw
Visualize Overdraw Tracer for OpenGL [21] Window -> Open Perspective -> Other ... Click Enter package name Wait
Visualize Overdraw
Visualize Overdraw
Closing Words So much to tell, so little time See Dalvik Performance Tips [22] Read all references Your users will thank you for excellent battery life and buttery smooth UIs
FIN Thanks for Listening Questions?
References [1] http://www.amazon.com/Beginning-Android-Games-Mario-Zechner/dp/1430246774 [2] http://libgdx.badlogicgames.com/ [3] http://pmt.sourceforge.net/pngcrush/ [4] https://code.google.com/p/svg-android/ [5] http://developer.android.com/tools/help/proguard.html [6] http://proguard.sourceforge.net/index.html [7] http://www.saikoa.com/dexguard [8] http://developer.android.com/google/play/publishing/multiple-apks.html [9] http://developer.android.com/google/play/expansion-files.html [10] http://developer.android.com/tools/debugging/ddms.html [11] http://android-developers.blogspot.co.at/2011/03/memory-analysis-for-android.html
References [12] http://www.eclipse.org/mat/ [13] http://developer.android.com/tools/help/systrace.html [14] https://code.google.com/p/android-ndk-profiler/ [15] http://www.nvidia.com/object/nsight.html [16] https://developer.nvidia.com/tegra-profiler [17] https://developer.qualcomm.com/mobile-development/mobile-technologies/gaming-graphics-optimization-adreno/toolsand-resources [18] http://www.imgtec.com/powervr/insider/sdkdownloads/ [19] http://www.curious-creature.org/2012/12/01/android-performance-case-study/ [20] http://developer.android.com/tools/debugging/debugging-ui.html [21] http://developer.android.com/tools/help/gltracer.html [22] http://developer.android.com/training/articles/perf-tips.html

More Related Content

Of Bytes, Cycles and Battery Life

  • 1. Of Bytes, Cycles and Battery Life
  • 3. What ill talk about How to reduce your APK size Memory Analysis Tools Performance Analysis Tools
  • 4. How to reduce your APK size Reduce asset size pngcrush your PNGs [3] SVG (YMMV) [4] lower bit-rates for audio Reduce code size Remove unnecessary dependencies! Proguard, for Class files [5] [6] Dexguard, for Dex files [7]
  • 5. But i cant reduce my APK size Multiple-APKs to the rescue [8] One APK per screen density One APK per texture compression algorithm Use Google Play filters Easier with new Android Gradle build system APK Expansion files [9] hosted by Google Roll your own Expansion files Avoid if you can!
  • 6. Memory Analysis Tools But we have a Garbage Collector! You can still leak memory Nasty static vars referencing unused objects Hidden object references Native memory allocated by Java classes If you write games, GC kills your steady framerate
  • 9. HPROF/Eclipse MAT [11] Select the process Click Save to a location of your choice Convert to real HPROF file Open in Eclipse MAT [12]
  • 13. Performance Analysis Tools Why do we want to analyse? Jerky animations Do less, conserve battery Better user Experience What do we want to analyse? Time spent in Java code Time spent in Native code Time spent drawing stuff
  • 14. Before we start... Never use the emulator! Ever, think of the kittens Identify hotspots in your app, not in microbenchmarks Only spend time if you have a real problem
  • 15. Java Profilers DDMS Quite capable method level profiler Good enough for 99% of use cases Works with any Android version 4.1+ Profiling tools Systrace [13], More powerful, also tracks OS calls Needs root and Android 4.1+ Well check out the graphical parts later
  • 16. DDMS Start app Navigate to problematic activity, hit Wait a bit, hit View profiling data Ignore absolute time, only care for relative timings Ignore trivial getters/setters, instrumentation messes with timings
  • 17. DDMS
  • 18. Native Code Profilers Android NDK Profiler [14] Not an official NDK tool Setup a bit involved Device specific CPU profilers NVIDIA Nsight [15], ... Roll your own Instrument manually Track down hotspots
  • 19. Graphics Profilers What do we analyse? Overdraw, your biggest enemy Draw calls, your second biggest enemy Use DDMS/systrace Related to memory Textures on VRAM (which is usually RAM) Bitmaps in RAM
  • 20. Graphics Profilers 4.1+ Profiling tools GPU Vendor Specific NVIDIA [16], Qualcomm [17], Imagination Technologies [18] Outside of scope of this talk
  • 22. Visualize Overdraw Normal Color 0 Overdraw Blue 1x Overdraw Green 2x Overdraw Light Red 3x Overdraw Dark Red +4x Overdraw
  • 23. Visualize Overdraw Hierarchy View [20] Window -> Open Perspective -> Other...
  • 25. Visualize Overdraw Tracer for OpenGL [21] Window -> Open Perspective -> Other ... Click Enter package name Wait
  • 28. Closing Words So much to tell, so little time See Dalvik Performance Tips [22] Read all references Your users will thank you for excellent battery life and buttery smooth UIs
  • 30. References [1] http://www.amazon.com/Beginning-Android-Games-Mario-Zechner/dp/1430246774 [2] http://libgdx.badlogicgames.com/ [3] http://pmt.sourceforge.net/pngcrush/ [4] https://code.google.com/p/svg-android/ [5] http://developer.android.com/tools/help/proguard.html [6] http://proguard.sourceforge.net/index.html [7] http://www.saikoa.com/dexguard [8] http://developer.android.com/google/play/publishing/multiple-apks.html [9] http://developer.android.com/google/play/expansion-files.html [10] http://developer.android.com/tools/debugging/ddms.html [11] http://android-developers.blogspot.co.at/2011/03/memory-analysis-for-android.html
  • 31. References [12] http://www.eclipse.org/mat/ [13] http://developer.android.com/tools/help/systrace.html [14] https://code.google.com/p/android-ndk-profiler/ [15] http://www.nvidia.com/object/nsight.html [16] https://developer.nvidia.com/tegra-profiler [17] https://developer.qualcomm.com/mobile-development/mobile-technologies/gaming-graphics-optimization-adreno/toolsand-resources [18] http://www.imgtec.com/powervr/insider/sdkdownloads/ [19] http://www.curious-creature.org/2012/12/01/android-performance-case-study/ [20] http://developer.android.com/tools/debugging/debugging-ui.html [21] http://developer.android.com/tools/help/gltracer.html [22] http://developer.android.com/training/articles/perf-tips.html