o?h Tai-gi
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1 like?1,142 views
The document provides an overview of the Taigi language, including: - Taigi is derived from Chinese Min Nan and is also known as Taiwanese. - It introduces some common Taigi words and their Mandarin translations. - It describes the main writing systems used for Taigi - Pe?h-┃e-j┤, Taiwanese kana, and Taiwanese Romanization System (TRS). - It provides details on the consonants, vowels, and tone marks in the Pe?h-┃e-j┤ system.
![Tone-less TRS analyzer
¢ Normalize input into Unicode NFD form
¢ Remove all p{Combining_Diacritical_Marks}
¢ Split by non-letters
¢
@tokens =
split(
/[^a-z]/i,
(Unicode::Normalize::NFD($input)
=~ s/p{Combining_Diacritical_Marks}//gr
=~ s/┿/a/gr)
);](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ohtaigi-170809221510/85/o-h-Tai-gi-20-320.jpg)
![Matching one syllable in TRS
(?^u:(?:a(?:(?:ih?|ng?|[hkmptu]))?|b(?:a[hiknt]?|eh?|i[ahou]?|o(?:(?:ng|[ko]))?|u(?:(?:ah?|eh?|[it]))?)|e(?:(?:nn|h))?|
g(?:(?:i(?:(?:a(?:(?:ng|[hpt]))?|ok?|u))?|u[aei]?|[aeho]))?|h(?:(?:a(?:(?:i(?:(?:nn|h))?|n(?:(?:nh|g))?|[hkmptu]))?|
eh?|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:n(?:(?:nh?|g))?|uh?|[hmt]))?|ng|o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?|u(?:nn)?|[kmpt]))?|n(?:gh?)?|o(?:(?:n(?:nh?|g)|oh?|
k))?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[ht]))?|eh?|ih?|[nt]))?|m))?|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:ng?|u(?:nn)?|[hmp]))?|n[gn]?|o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?|
u(?:nn)?|[kmpt]))?|j(?:i(?:(?:ah?|ok?|u))?|u[ae]?)|k(?:(?:a(?:(?:i(?:nn)?|n[gn]?|uh?|[hkmpt]))?|e(?:(?:nn|h))?|h(?:a(?:
(?:i(?:nn)?|n[gn]?|[hkmptu]))?|e(?:(?:nn|h))?|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:ng?|[hmptu]))?|n[gn]?|o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?|u(?:nn)?|
[hkmpt]))?|n(?:gh?)?|o(?:(?:ng|[ko]))?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[ht]))?|eh?|[hint]))?)|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[mptu]))?|n[gn]?|o(?:
(?:ng|[hk]))?|u(?:nn)?|[hkmp]))?|ng?|o(?:(?:ng|[hko]))?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:i(?:nn)?|nn?|[ht]))?|eh?|i(?:(?:nn|h))?|
[nt]))?))?|l(?:a(?:(?:ng?|[hkmp]))?|eh?|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:ng?|[hmp]))?|ng?|[hmopu]))?|o(?:(?:ng|oh|[hkp]))?|u(?:(?:ah?|
[ehint]))?)|m(?:(?:a(?:(?:uh?|[hi]))?|eh?|i[ah]?|o(?:oh?)?|u[aei]|n))?|n(?:(?:a(?:(?:uh|[hi]))?|eh?|g(?:(?:eh?|i(?:
(?:au?|u))?|[ao]))?|i(?:(?:au?|[hu]))?|n[gh]?|ua|o))?|o(?:(?:n[gn]|oh?|[hkm]))?|p(?:(?:a(?:(?:ng?|[hiktu]))?|e(?:(?:nn|
h))?|h(?:a(?:(?:ng?|[hku]))?|e(?:nn)?|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[htu]))?|n[gn]|[hkot]))?|ngh|o(?:(?:ng|[hko]))?|u(?:(?:a[hnt]?|
[eint]))?)|i(?:(?:a[hkntu]?|n[gn]?|[hkotu]))?|ng?|o[hko]?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[ht]))?|eh?|[hint]))?))?|s(?:a(?:(?:n(?:
(?:nh?|g))?|[ikmptu]))?|e(?:(?:nn|h))?|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:n[gn]?|[hkmptu]))?|n[gn]?|o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?|u(?:nn)?|[hkmpt]))?|
ng?|o(?:(?:ng|[hkmo]))?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[hit]))?|eh?|[hint]))?)|t(?:(?:a(?:(?:n[gn]?|uh?|[hikmp]))?|e(?:(?:nn|h))?|
h(?:a(?:(?:n[gn]?|[hikmptu]))?|eh?|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[hmptu]))?|n[gn]|o(?:(?:ng|k))?|[hkmu]))?|ng?|o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?|
u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn|[ht]))?|[ehint]))?)|i(?:(?:a[hmnptu]?|n[gn]?|o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?|u(?:(?:nn|h))?|[hkt]))?|ng?|o(?:(?:ng|
[hko]))?|s(?:a(?:(?:ng?|[hikmptu]))?|e(?:(?:nn|h))?|h(?:a(?:(?:ng?|[himptu]))?|e(?:(?:nn|h))?|i(?:(?:a[hmnptu]?|n[gn]?|
o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?|u(?:nn)?|[hkmt]))?|ng?|o(?:(?:ng|[hko]))?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|h))?|eh?|[hint]))?)|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:n[gn]?|
[hmptu]))?|n[gn]?|o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?|u(?:(?:nn|h))?|[hkmpt]))?|ng?|o(?:(?:ng|[hko]))?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[ht]))?|eh?|
[hint]))?)|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[ht]))?|[ehin]))?))?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:n[gn]?|[it]))?|eh?|n(?:nh)?|[hit]))?))](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ohtaigi-170809221510/85/o-h-Tai-gi-21-320.jpg)
o?h Tai-gi
- 2. t k-ke hoao Hi all
- 3. Gua? e? mia? si? @gugod My name is @gugod
- 4. Gua? tsit-ma? the gon Tai-gi I¨m speaking Taigi now
- 5. Taigi, ＾Tai-wan ue?￣, si jit kuan ui Man-nan-gu ia?n- pian lai e gi-gia?n. Taigi, or literally, ＾Taiwanese Language￣, is derived from Chinese Min-Nan
- 6. Gua? tsit-ma? the h Tai-gi.oo I¨m learning Taigi now. ?
- 7. ?
- 8. Te? / th└e
- 11. Bah-pau / babao
- 13. Writing Systems ¢ P h-┃e-ji? (POJ)eo C 1820 C has wikipedia language code: zh-min-nan ¢ Taiwanese kana (Katagana based) C 1931-ish ¢ TRS (Taiwanese Romanization System) C 2006, derived from POJ
- 14. POJ ¢ P h-┃e-ji? (POJ; Han-ji?eo 紺徭忖 ) si? 1 khoa?n i┃ng Latin (L?-ma?) ph┬ng-im he?-thong la?i sia? Ta?i-?an e? gi-gia?n e? su- bi?n b?n-ji?. In-u?i tong-chh si? th?an-kau-su? in--j p-la?i e?, s -oo ?o ┏o i i h-u?-la?ng ka? POJ ki┛-ch┛ Kau-h┃e L?-ma?-ji?, h k-chia? si?ao eo ka?n-chheng Kau-l?. Put-j?-k┛ hia?n-ta?i e? s┣-i┃ng-chia? be?- chio -si? kau-t , kau-t ma? chin che? be?-hia?u POJ.mm ?o ?o ¢ Creators (1830s): C Walter Henry Medhurst C Elihu Doty C John Van Nest Talmage
- 15. Consonants and Vowels ¢ p b ph m t th n nng l k g kh h chi ji chhi si ch j chh s ¢ a ap at ak ah a? ok o? o e e? i ian eng ekoo i? ai ai? au am om m ong ng u oa oe oai oan i (i)u? ¢ sng / mng / m ¢ 717 known syllables (from moedict dataset)
- 16. Marks ○ Tones 1 2 3 4 a a? a ap/at/ak/ah 5 6 7 8 a? ┌ a? p/ t/ k/ hao ao ao ao
- 17. Interesting letters ¢ ? - U+0207F - SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N C chiu? / chhia?? / phi? ¢ oo C o - U+0006F - LATIN SMALL LETTER O C - U+00358 - COMBINING DOT ABOVE?o RIGHT
- 18. ?
- 19. Online Tools ¢ Moedict: https://moedict.tw/ C Multi-Dictionary with cross-ref C Han-based search (some TRS-based search) C Pronunciation ¢ itaigi: https://itaigi.tw/ C Community content with pronunciations ¢ Forvo C Community content with speakers of multiple accents C Han-script based index ¢ POJ Wikipedia C Peh-oe-ji writing system
- 20. Tone-less TRS analyzer ¢ Normalize input into Unicode NFD form ¢ Remove all p{Combining_Diacritical_Marks} ¢ Split by non-letters ¢ @tokens = split( /[^a-z]/i, (Unicode::Normalize::NFD($input) =~ s/p{Combining_Diacritical_Marks}//gr =~ s/┿/a/gr) );
- 21. Matching one syllable in TRS (?^u:(?:a(?:(?:ih?|ng?|[hkmptu]))?|b(?:a[hiknt]?|eh?|i[ahou]?|o(?:(?:ng|[ko]))?|u(?:(?:ah?|eh?|[it]))?)|e(?:(?:nn|h))?| g(?:(?:i(?:(?:a(?:(?:ng|[hpt]))?|ok?|u))?|u[aei]?|[aeho]))?|h(?:(?:a(?:(?:i(?:(?:nn|h))?|n(?:(?:nh|g))?|[hkmptu]))?| eh?|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:n(?:(?:nh?|g))?|uh?|[hmt]))?|ng|o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?|u(?:nn)?|[kmpt]))?|n(?:gh?)?|o(?:(?:n(?:nh?|g)|oh?| k))?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[ht]))?|eh?|ih?|[nt]))?|m))?|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:ng?|u(?:nn)?|[hmp]))?|n[gn]?|o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?| u(?:nn)?|[kmpt]))?|j(?:i(?:(?:ah?|ok?|u))?|u[ae]?)|k(?:(?:a(?:(?:i(?:nn)?|n[gn]?|uh?|[hkmpt]))?|e(?:(?:nn|h))?|h(?:a(?: (?:i(?:nn)?|n[gn]?|[hkmptu]))?|e(?:(?:nn|h))?|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:ng?|[hmptu]))?|n[gn]?|o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?|u(?:nn)?| [hkmpt]))?|n(?:gh?)?|o(?:(?:ng|[ko]))?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[ht]))?|eh?|[hint]))?)|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[mptu]))?|n[gn]?|o(?: (?:ng|[hk]))?|u(?:nn)?|[hkmp]))?|ng?|o(?:(?:ng|[hko]))?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:i(?:nn)?|nn?|[ht]))?|eh?|i(?:(?:nn|h))?| [nt]))?))?|l(?:a(?:(?:ng?|[hkmp]))?|eh?|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:ng?|[hmp]))?|ng?|[hmopu]))?|o(?:(?:ng|oh|[hkp]))?|u(?:(?:ah?| [ehint]))?)|m(?:(?:a(?:(?:uh?|[hi]))?|eh?|i[ah]?|o(?:oh?)?|u[aei]|n))?|n(?:(?:a(?:(?:uh|[hi]))?|eh?|g(?:(?:eh?|i(?: (?:au?|u))?|[ao]))?|i(?:(?:au?|[hu]))?|n[gh]?|ua|o))?|o(?:(?:n[gn]|oh?|[hkm]))?|p(?:(?:a(?:(?:ng?|[hiktu]))?|e(?:(?:nn| h))?|h(?:a(?:(?:ng?|[hku]))?|e(?:nn)?|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[htu]))?|n[gn]|[hkot]))?|ngh|o(?:(?:ng|[hko]))?|u(?:(?:a[hnt]?| [eint]))?)|i(?:(?:a[hkntu]?|n[gn]?|[hkotu]))?|ng?|o[hko]?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[ht]))?|eh?|[hint]))?))?|s(?:a(?:(?:n(?: (?:nh?|g))?|[ikmptu]))?|e(?:(?:nn|h))?|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:n[gn]?|[hkmptu]))?|n[gn]?|o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?|u(?:nn)?|[hkmpt]))?| ng?|o(?:(?:ng|[hkmo]))?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[hit]))?|eh?|[hint]))?)|t(?:(?:a(?:(?:n[gn]?|uh?|[hikmp]))?|e(?:(?:nn|h))?| h(?:a(?:(?:n[gn]?|[hikmptu]))?|eh?|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[hmptu]))?|n[gn]|o(?:(?:ng|k))?|[hkmu]))?|ng?|o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?| u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn|[ht]))?|[ehint]))?)|i(?:(?:a[hmnptu]?|n[gn]?|o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?|u(?:(?:nn|h))?|[hkt]))?|ng?|o(?:(?:ng| [hko]))?|s(?:a(?:(?:ng?|[hikmptu]))?|e(?:(?:nn|h))?|h(?:a(?:(?:ng?|[himptu]))?|e(?:(?:nn|h))?|i(?:(?:a[hmnptu]?|n[gn]?| o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?|u(?:nn)?|[hkmt]))?|ng?|o(?:(?:ng|[hko]))?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|h))?|eh?|[hint]))?)|i(?:(?:a(?:(?:n[gn]?| [hmptu]))?|n[gn]?|o(?:(?:ng|[hk]))?|u(?:(?:nn|h))?|[hkmpt]))?|ng?|o(?:(?:ng|[hko]))?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[ht]))?|eh?| [hint]))?)|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:nn?|[ht]))?|[ehin]))?))?|u(?:(?:a(?:(?:n[gn]?|[it]))?|eh?|n(?:nh)?|[hit]))?))
- 22. To-sia? la?i thiann. ? Thanks you for listening