![GsX-其nepw Hcp {]Xn-`m-k-ns aqeyw n多-bn-属p--XmWv aqey-n多bw.
D-am-属p e贈y--fpsS km贈m-XvIm-ctam {]Xo-贈n-属p nnX khn-ti-j-X-
Itfm Bbn-cn-属pw aq-ey-n多-b-nv B[mcw. hnZym-`ym-k-n-em-Ip-t尊m- tcs
D-am-属n-bn-cn-属p t_m[-tm-t賊-iy- F{Xtmfw ssIh-cn速p F-Xns
ASn-耽m--n測 ]Tn-Xm-属-fpsS {]I-Sw hne-bn-cp-p-I-bmWv sN淡p--Xv.
]Tn-Xm-属-fpsS knn-I ]co-贈-bn-eqsS hne-bn-cp-n. AXn測 e`n-属p am多属p-I-
fpsS am{Xw ASn-耽m--n測 hn[n ]d-bp ]g-b-k-{尊-Zmbw Ign nc-h-[n Zi-I-
-fmbn ISp hna多i--np hnt[-b-am-bn-卒p-v. AXns ^e-ambn ho--amb
{]h-W-I-X cq]w-sImp -aq-ey-n多-b-nse kao-]-Im-e-{]-h-W-X-bmWv t{KUnwKv
k{尊-Zm-bw.
BapJw](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/malayalam-septemb-151010114901-lva1-app6891/85/ONLINE-ASSIGNMENT-2-320.jpg)
![aqey-n多-b-nse kao-]-Ime {aqey-n多-b-nse kao-]-Ime {aqey-n多-b-nse kao-]-Ime {aqey-n多-b-nse kao-]-Ime {aqey-n多-b-nse kao-]-Ime {]h-W-X t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm]h-W-X t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm]h-W-X t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm]h-W-X t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm]h-W-X t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zmbwbwbwbwbw
hnZym-`ym-k-e贈yw hyn-Xz-ns ka-{K-hn-I-k--am-b-Xp-sImv e贈yw nd-
th-n-tbm-sbv ]cn-tim-[n-属m ]e am多則-fpw kzoI-cn-t属-n-h-cpw. Hmtcm ]cn-tim-
[-bv属pw D]-I-cn-属p ]co-贈m-co-Xn-Ifpw AXn-p D]-I-c-W-fpw aqeym-其--am多則-
fpw Cv ne-hn-ep-v. ]Tn-Xm-属sf Hcp A促na ]co-贈-bn-eqsS hne-bn-cp-p
]g-b-k-{尊-Zmbw ISp hna多i--np CS-bm-hp-Ibpw Acw ]co-贈-I shdpw
k其p-Nn-X-am-hp-Ibpw sshm-n-I-kn-n-bpsS sNdn-sbmcwiw am{Xta hne-bn-cp-m
Ign-bp-I-bpp Fpw a-n-em-bn-卒p-v. CXns ^e-ambn aqey-n多-b-np ]pXnb
coXn-I Dcp-n-cn-p. aqeyn多bw A-kyqXw S-属-Ww, kwc-N-m-[多w n多-
ln-属Ww Fsms属 D Dt賊-i-tm-Sp-IqSn kao-]-Ime {]h-W-X-I hp. Cu
Dt賊-i--sfmw {]mh多n-I-am-属p-hm thn tIc-f-nse s]mXphn-Zym-`ym-k-h-Ipv
2015 apX-ep Fkv.-F-kv.-F測.kn ]co-贈bv属v ]pXnb ]co-贈m-]-Xn S-n-em-属n.
]Tn-Xm-属sf aqv am--fpsS ASn-耽m--n測 hne-bn-cp-m-mWv Xocp-am-w.
1. A属m-Z-anI ss]p-Wn-I
2. A属m-Z-an-Im-p-_tijn-I
3. sshb-n-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb khn-ti-j-X-I
Cu aqv hn`m-K-n-sebpw hne-bn-cp--enp t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zmbw S-n-em-属mpw
Xocp-am-n-速p. am多属nwKv k{尊-Zm-b-n測 h多則o-I-c-W-np kzoI-cn-属p GI-I--
fpsS Fw hep-Xm-b-Xn-m測 icn-bmb tdnwKv {]bm-k-am-Ip-p. ]Tn-Xm-属-fpsS {]I-
Sw hne-bn-cp-p-t尊m Ahsc GXmpw h多則--fm-属n-o多属p-I-bmWv Cu {]bm-
k-n-p t]mwh-gn. Cu h多則o-I-cWw 5 t]mbn v kvsIbn-bntem , 7 t]mbn v kvsIbn-
bntem ,9 t]mbn v kvsIbn-bntem 7 Bbm測 hne-bn-cp-測 IqSp-X測 hnizm-ky-
amIpw 5測 hfsc sa速w, icm-icn, icm-i-cn-bn測 Xmsg, tamiw F-n-s ne-hm-c-
kqNn-n-属p--Xmbpw Icp-Xmw. Chsb Ipdn-属m bYm-{Iaw A,B,C,D Fo A贈-
c-t{K-Up-I 測Ip-Ibpw sN淡p-p. C-c-n測 ]Tn-Xm-属-fpsS {]I-S ne-hm-cs
A贈-c-t{K-Up-I D]-tbm-Kn速v GXmpw h多則--fm属n Xncn-属p hne-bn-cp-測
coXnsb t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zmbw Fp ]d-bp-p.-kn-n-bpsS Afhv hy-am-属p-I-bmWv
t{KUns {]mY-anI [多w.
cv Xcw t{KUnwKv coXn-I Dv.
1. {]Xy贈 t{KUnwKv
2.]-tcm贈 t{KUnwKv
1. {1. {1. {1. {1. {]Xy贈 t{KUnwKv]Xy贈 t{KUnwKv]Xy贈 t{KUnwKv]Xy贈 t{KUnwKv]Xy贈 t{KUnwKv
{]k kwL-nse Hmtcm AwK-n-sbpw Imcy-n測 GsX-其nepw
n多賊njvS {]Xn-`m-k-ns ne-hmcw tcn-卒p-Xs Ghpw Ap-tbm-Py-amb A贈-c-
t{KUv (ABC) Bbn n多-bn-属sSp-p. kvtIm多 測Ip-tX C. Cu {]{Io-b-
bmWv {]Xy贈 t{KUnwKv
2. ]tcm贈 t{KUnwKv2. ]tcm贈 t{KUnwKv2. ]tcm贈 t{KUnwKv2. ]tcm贈 t{KUnwKv2. ]tcm贈 t{KUnwKv
BZyw h多属p-I C卒n卒v AXns ASn-耽m--n測 t{KUp-I n多-bn-属p
coXn-bm-Wn-Xv. BZyw e`y-amb aqeymw-i-kq-Nn-I-bpsS ASn-耽m--n測 Hmtcm tNmZy-
npw h多属v 測Ip-p. Fn卒v Dcw IS-em-n測 In卒p samw h多属v n多-
bn-属p-p.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/malayalam-septemb-151010114901-lva1-app6891/85/ONLINE-ASSIGNMENT-3-320.jpg)
![A_vk-eyq卒v t{KUnwKvA_vk-eyq卒v t{KUnwKvA_vk-eyq卒v t{KUnwKvA_vk-eyq卒v t{KUnwKvA_vk-eyq卒v t{KUnwKv
Hmtcm {]tXyI t{KUnpw Hcp nnX kvtIm多 ]cn[n n多-bn-属p-p.
Hmtcm kvtImdnsbpw t{KUm属n amp-p.
Bt]-贈nI t{KUnwKvBt]-贈nI t{KUnwKvBt]-贈nI t{KUnwKvBt]-贈nI t{KUnwKvBt]-贈nI t{KUnwKv
]co贈 Fgp-Xnb kwL-n測 ]co-贈y-cpsS Bt]-贈n-I-耽mw FhnsS F-
Xn--p-k-cn速v Hmtcm t{KUn-sbpw ]cn[n hnhn[ k袖多`--fn測 hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-
属pw. Bt]-贈nI t{KUn-ns ASn-耽m--bp-n-bn-Xm-Wv.
am多属nwKv k{尊-Zm-b-t-属mfpw F促p-sImpw anI速 k{尊-Zm-b-amWv
t{KUnw-Kv. hnZym-`ymk cwKv [mcmfw am- sImph-cp-hm t{KUnw-Knp
km[n-速p.
t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm-b-ns sa速-t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm-b-ns sa速-t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm-b-ns sa速-t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm-b-ns sa速-t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm-b-ns sa速-
Ip卒n-I-fn測 ]T--Xm測cyw hf多pp
A属m-Z-anI ss]p-Wn-Ifpw A属m-Z-an-Im-p-_--ss-]p-Wn-Ifpw
h多n-n-属p-hm klm-bn-属p-p.
Ip卒n-I-fnse ]ncn-ap-dp属w Ipd-bv属p-p.
]tcm贈 t{KUnwKv cv coXn-bn測 Dv.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/malayalam-septemb-151010114901-lva1-app6891/85/ONLINE-ASSIGNMENT-4-320.jpg)
![D]-kw-lmcw
hnZym-`ym-k-e贈yw hyn-Xz-ns ka-{K-hn-I-k--am-b-Xp-sImv e贈yw nd-
th-n-tbm-sbv ]cn-tim-[n-属m ]e am多則-fpw kzoI-cn-t属-n-hcpw.Hmtcm ]cn-tim-
[-bv属pw D]-I-cn-属p ]co-贈m-co-Xo-Ifpw AXnp D]-I-c-W-fpw aqeym-其--am多則-
fpw Cpw ne-hn-ep-v. -ho--ambn aqey-n多-b-n-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-属p t{KUnwKv
k{尊-Zmbw B[p-nI hnZym-`ymk k{尊-Zm-b-np hf-sc-b-[nIw {]tbm-P--s-Sp-p.
Ip卒n-I属v ]q多-kzm-X{促yw sImSpp-sImp Cu k{尊-Zmbw hfsc {]tbm-P-
-I-c-am-Wv.
1. kn.-Fw.-_n-袖p(2011) amXr-`m-jm-t_m-[w (2mw ]Xn-v) tImgn-t属mSv kvtIm多ntbm
& Unkv{Sn-_q-卒多
2. tUm: kn.-sI.-N-{袖-ti-J-c mb多 (1998) ae-bmft_m[w tIcf `mjm Cッn-yq卒v
Xncp-h--促-]pcw
3. http://ml.wikipedia.org
klmklmklmklmklmb {K展b {K展b {K展b {K展b {K展](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/malayalam-septemb-151010114901-lva1-app6891/85/ONLINE-ASSIGNMENT-5-320.jpg)
ONLINE ASSIGNMENT
- 1. hnjbw : t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zmhnjbw : t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zmhnjbw : t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zmhnjbw : t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zmhnjbw : t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zmbwbwbwbwbw sjdn.-Fw.-Zmkv ae-bmfw 16814350011
- 2. GsX-其nepw Hcp {]Xn-`m-k-ns aqeyw n多-bn-属p--XmWv aqey-n多bw. D-am-属p e贈y--fpsS km贈m-XvIm-ctam {]Xo-贈n-属p nnX khn-ti-j-X- Itfm Bbn-cn-属pw aq-ey-n多-b-nv B[mcw. hnZym-`ym-k-n-em-Ip-t尊m- tcs D-am-属n-bn-cn-属p t_m[-tm-t賊-iy- F{Xtmfw ssIh-cn速p F-Xns ASn-耽m--n測 ]Tn-Xm-属-fpsS {]I-Sw hne-bn-cp-p-I-bmWv sN淡p--Xv. ]Tn-Xm-属-fpsS knn-I ]co-贈-bn-eqsS hne-bn-cp-n. AXn測 e`n-属p am多属p-I- fpsS am{Xw ASn-耽m--n測 hn[n ]d-bp ]g-b-k-{尊-Zmbw Ign nc-h-[n Zi-I- -fmbn ISp hna多i--np hnt[-b-am-bn-卒p-v. AXns ^e-ambn ho--amb {]h-W-I-X cq]w-sImp -aq-ey-n多-b-nse kao-]-Im-e-{]-h-W-X-bmWv t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm-bw. BapJw
- 3. aqey-n多-b-nse kao-]-Ime {aqey-n多-b-nse kao-]-Ime {aqey-n多-b-nse kao-]-Ime {aqey-n多-b-nse kao-]-Ime {aqey-n多-b-nse kao-]-Ime {]h-W-X t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm]h-W-X t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm]h-W-X t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm]h-W-X t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm]h-W-X t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zmbwbwbwbwbw hnZym-`ym-k-e贈yw hyn-Xz-ns ka-{K-hn-I-k--am-b-Xp-sImv e贈yw nd- th-n-tbm-sbv ]cn-tim-[n-属m ]e am多則-fpw kzoI-cn-t属-n-h-cpw. Hmtcm ]cn-tim- [-bv属pw D]-I-cn-属p ]co-贈m-co-Xn-Ifpw AXn-p D]-I-c-W-fpw aqeym-其--am多則- fpw Cv ne-hn-ep-v. ]Tn-Xm-属sf Hcp A促na ]co-贈-bn-eqsS hne-bn-cp-p ]g-b-k-{尊-Zmbw ISp hna多i--np CS-bm-hp-Ibpw Acw ]co-贈-I shdpw k其p-Nn-X-am-hp-Ibpw sshm-n-I-kn-n-bpsS sNdn-sbmcwiw am{Xta hne-bn-cp-m Ign-bp-I-bpp Fpw a-n-em-bn-卒p-v. CXns ^e-ambn aqey-n多-b-np ]pXnb coXn-I Dcp-n-cn-p. aqeyn多bw A-kyqXw S-属-Ww, kwc-N-m-[多w n多- ln-属Ww Fsms属 D Dt賊-i-tm-Sp-IqSn kao-]-Ime {]h-W-X-I hp. Cu Dt賊-i--sfmw {]mh多n-I-am-属p-hm thn tIc-f-nse s]mXphn-Zym-`ym-k-h-Ipv 2015 apX-ep Fkv.-F-kv.-F測.kn ]co-贈bv属v ]pXnb ]co-贈m-]-Xn S-n-em-属n. ]Tn-Xm-属sf aqv am--fpsS ASn-耽m--n測 hne-bn-cp-m-mWv Xocp-am-w. 1. A属m-Z-anI ss]p-Wn-I 2. A属m-Z-an-Im-p-_tijn-I 3. sshb-n-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb khn-ti-j-X-I Cu aqv hn`m-K-n-sebpw hne-bn-cp--enp t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zmbw S-n-em-属mpw Xocp-am-n-速p. am多属nwKv k{尊-Zm-b-n測 h多則o-I-c-W-np kzoI-cn-属p GI-I-- fpsS Fw hep-Xm-b-Xn-m測 icn-bmb tdnwKv {]bm-k-am-Ip-p. ]Tn-Xm-属-fpsS {]I- Sw hne-bn-cp-p-t尊m Ahsc GXmpw h多則--fm-属n-o多属p-I-bmWv Cu {]bm- k-n-p t]mwh-gn. Cu h多則o-I-cWw 5 t]mbn v kvsIbn-bntem , 7 t]mbn v kvsIbn- bntem ,9 t]mbn v kvsIbn-bntem 7 Bbm測 hne-bn-cp-測 IqSp-X測 hnizm-ky- amIpw 5測 hfsc sa速w, icm-icn, icm-i-cn-bn測 Xmsg, tamiw F-n-s ne-hm-c- kqNn-n-属p--Xmbpw Icp-Xmw. Chsb Ipdn-属m bYm-{Iaw A,B,C,D Fo A贈- c-t{K-Up-I 測Ip-Ibpw sN淡p-p. C-c-n測 ]Tn-Xm-属-fpsS {]I-S ne-hm-cs A贈-c-t{K-Up-I D]-tbm-Kn速v GXmpw h多則--fm属n Xncn-属p hne-bn-cp-測 coXnsb t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zmbw Fp ]d-bp-p.-kn-n-bpsS Afhv hy-am-属p-I-bmWv t{KUns {]mY-anI [多w. cv Xcw t{KUnwKv coXn-I Dv. 1. {]Xy贈 t{KUnwKv 2.]-tcm贈 t{KUnwKv 1. {1. {1. {1. {1. {]Xy贈 t{KUnwKv]Xy贈 t{KUnwKv]Xy贈 t{KUnwKv]Xy贈 t{KUnwKv]Xy贈 t{KUnwKv {]k kwL-nse Hmtcm AwK-n-sbpw Imcy-n測 GsX-其nepw n多賊njvS {]Xn-`m-k-ns ne-hmcw tcn-卒p-Xs Ghpw Ap-tbm-Py-amb A贈-c- t{KUv (ABC) Bbn n多-bn-属sSp-p. kvtIm多 測Ip-tX C. Cu {]{Io-b- bmWv {]Xy贈 t{KUnwKv 2. ]tcm贈 t{KUnwKv2. ]tcm贈 t{KUnwKv2. ]tcm贈 t{KUnwKv2. ]tcm贈 t{KUnwKv2. ]tcm贈 t{KUnwKv BZyw h多属p-I C卒n卒v AXns ASn-耽m--n測 t{KUp-I n多-bn-属p coXn-bm-Wn-Xv. BZyw e`y-amb aqeymw-i-kq-Nn-I-bpsS ASn-耽m--n測 Hmtcm tNmZy- npw h多属v 測Ip-p. Fn卒v Dcw IS-em-n測 In卒p samw h多属v n多- bn-属p-p.
- 4. A_vk-eyq卒v t{KUnwKvA_vk-eyq卒v t{KUnwKvA_vk-eyq卒v t{KUnwKvA_vk-eyq卒v t{KUnwKvA_vk-eyq卒v t{KUnwKv Hmtcm {]tXyI t{KUnpw Hcp nnX kvtIm多 ]cn[n n多-bn-属p-p. Hmtcm kvtImdnsbpw t{KUm属n amp-p. Bt]-贈nI t{KUnwKvBt]-贈nI t{KUnwKvBt]-贈nI t{KUnwKvBt]-贈nI t{KUnwKvBt]-贈nI t{KUnwKv ]co贈 Fgp-Xnb kwL-n測 ]co-贈y-cpsS Bt]-贈n-I-耽mw FhnsS F- Xn--p-k-cn速v Hmtcm t{KUn-sbpw ]cn[n hnhn[ k袖多`--fn測 hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn- 属pw. Bt]-贈nI t{KUn-ns ASn-耽m--bp-n-bn-Xm-Wv. am多属nwKv k{尊-Zm-b-t-属mfpw F促p-sImpw anI速 k{尊-Zm-b-amWv t{KUnw-Kv. hnZym-`ymk cwKv [mcmfw am- sImph-cp-hm t{KUnw-Knp km[n-速p. t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm-b-ns sa速-t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm-b-ns sa速-t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm-b-ns sa速-t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm-b-ns sa速-t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zm-b-ns sa速- Ip卒n-I-fn測 ]T--Xm測cyw hf多pp A属m-Z-anI ss]p-Wn-Ifpw A属m-Z-an-Im-p-_--ss-]p-Wn-Ifpw h多n-n-属p-hm klm-bn-属p-p. Ip卒n-I-fnse ]ncn-ap-dp属w Ipd-bv属p-p. ]tcm贈 t{KUnwKv cv coXn-bn測 Dv.
- 5. D]-kw-lmcw hnZym-`ym-k-e贈yw hyn-Xz-ns ka-{K-hn-I-k--am-b-Xp-sImv e贈yw nd- th-n-tbm-sbv ]cn-tim-[n-属m ]e am多則-fpw kzoI-cn-t属-n-hcpw.Hmtcm ]cn-tim- [-bv属pw D]-I-cn-属p ]co-贈m-co-Xo-Ifpw AXnp D]-I-c-W-fpw aqeym-其--am多則- fpw Cpw ne-hn-ep-v. -ho--ambn aqey-n多-b-n-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-属p t{KUnwKv k{尊-Zmbw B[p-nI hnZym-`ymk k{尊-Zm-b-np hf-sc-b-[nIw {]tbm-P--s-Sp-p. Ip卒n-I属v ]q多-kzm-X{促yw sImSpp-sImp Cu k{尊-Zmbw hfsc {]tbm-P- -I-c-am-Wv. 1. kn.-Fw.-_n-袖p(2011) amXr-`m-jm-t_m-[w (2mw ]Xn-v) tImgn-t属mSv kvtIm多ntbm & Unkv{Sn-_q-卒多 2. tUm: kn.-sI.-N-{袖-ti-J-c mb多 (1998) ae-bmft_m[w tIcf `mjm Cッn-yq卒v Xncp-h--促-]pcw 3. http://ml.wikipedia.org klmklmklmklmklmb {K展b {K展b {K展b {K展b {K展
- 6. Hm測sse続 Assk続sa但Hm測sse続 Assk続sa但Hm測sse続 Assk続sa但Hm測sse続 Assk続sa但Hm測sse続 Assk続sa但vvvvv