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Open mining
- 1. Open mining 仍 舒亶 Traditional underground mining methods have extracted much of the high grade ore in the Fimiston Open Pit area, but huge quantities of low grade material remain in haloes around the orebodies under the Golden Mile. 丕仍舒仄亢仍舒仍 亟舒仍亟 舒亶仆 舒亞亟 仆 勵亟亳亶仆 亳仍 舒亶仆 舒仍弍舒亶亟 仂 唏仆亟唏亶 勵亟亳亶亞 仂仍弍仂仍仂亟仂亞,舒亳仆 Golden Mile-仆 亟仂仂 勵亟亳亶仆 弍亳亠亳亶仆 亞仆 仂亶仂仆 亟仂 haloes-亟 仄舒 亳 仄亢仆亳亶 仂 弍舒亞舒舒亶 仄舒亠亳舒仍 勵仍亟亟亞 弍舒亶仆舒. It is these Haloes that are being mined in the Open Pit. 仍 舒亶亟 Haloes-亞 仂仍弍仂仍仂亟仂亞. The Fimiston Open Pit is the largest open cut gold mine in Australia.
- 2. Fimiston Open Pit 弍仂仍 于舒仍仆 舒仄亞亳亶仆 仂仄 舒仍仆 亳仍 舒亶 ﾐ. When completed it will be some 3.8 kilometres long, 1.35km wide and go down to a depth of more than 500 metres. 丕亞 舒亶 仆 3.8 从仄 舒亶,1,35 从仄 唏亞唏仆 弍舒 500 仄- 亳仍勵勵亞勵亶 亞勵仆 ﾐ. Currently the open pit operation moves around 85 million tonnes of material per year making it the single largest open pit operation of any commodity in Australia, on a tonnes per annum basis. 哦仆唏唏 勵亠亟 亳仍 舒亶仆 舒亢亳仍仍舒亞舒舒 仆 于舒仍 亟舒 弍舒舒舒 弍勵亞亟勵勵仆亳亶 舒仄亞亳亶仆 仂仄 亳仍 舒亶仆 勵亶仍 舒亢亳仍仍舒亞舒舒亞 磦仍亟舒亞 弍舒 亢亳仍 弍勵 85 舒 仆 仄舒亠亳舒仍亳亶亞 于仍亟亞. Of this some 12 million tonnes of gold bearing ore are produced and milled through the Fimiston Mill. 亅仆仆亳亶 12 舒 仆 勵亟亳亶亞 亰唏唏仆 舒仍亞 亞舒亞舒仆 舒于, Fimiston Mill- 弍仂仍仂于仍舒仆. The remaining material is comprised of lower grade ore and waste. 勳仍亟仆 仄舒亠亳舒仍亞 舒磪亟舒仍 弍仂仍仂仆 弍舒亞舒 仂仂亶 勵亟 弍勵亟勵勵仍亟亞. The strip ratio for the operation is between 5.5 and 6. 弌亟仍仆 仄亢 5.5-6 仂仂仂仆亟 弍舒亶亟舒亞. Mining is carried out 7 days per week, 24 hours per day, 365 days a year in the Open Pit. 仍 舒亶亟 亢亳仍亳亶仆 365 唏亟唏,唏亟唏 弍勵亳亶仆 24 舒亞,7 仂仆仂亞 弍勵亳亶仆 7 唏亟唏 磦舒亞亟舒仆舒. Open pit mining on the Golden Mile is complicated by the presence of underground workings including stope voids, shafts, drives and cross-cuts of workings from the original underground mines that date back to 1893.
- 3. Golden Mile 亳仍 舒亶 1893- 舒仆 亟舒仍亟 舒亶亞舒舒 磿弍舒 亰舒仄舒舒 舒亢亳仍仍仍舒仆,亞仂仍 舒仄, stope voids-亞 舒仄舒舒仍舒仆 亟舒仍亟 舒亶仆 舒亢亳仍仍亞 勵仆亟勵勵仍仆. There are about 3,000 km of old mine workings under this area. 丐仆亟 仂亶仂仍仂仂亞仂仂 3000 从仄 仂亳仄 亳仆 舒亶仆 舒亢仍仆 舒仍弍舒亶 弍舒亶亟舒亞. These have an impact on all aspects of the Open Pit operations from grade control to drilling and blasting to mining, and many detailed procedures and work practices have been developed to deal with these. 亅亟亞 亳仍 舒亶仆 舒亢亳仍 仆 唏唏仄亟唏亢 仍 勵亶仍 舒亢亳仍仍舒亞舒舒仆舒舒 舒仄舒舒亟舒亞 弍舒 仂仍仂仆 仆舒亳亶于亳仍舒仆 亢舒仄 弍仂仍仂仆 亟舒亟仍舒亞舒 舒亢亳仍 仆 亟亞亳亶仆 仆亞 亞 弍仂仍仂仆 唏亞亢亟唏亞. The Fimiston Open Pit currently has a remaining mine life of some 16 years, being due to finish surface mining in 2018. Fimiston 亳仍 舒亶 仆 仂亟仂仂亞仂仂 16 亢亳仍亳亶仆 舒亢亳仍仍舒 亞舒舒舒舒亶 弍舒 2018 仂仆亟 亳仍 舒亶 仆 舒亳亞仍舒亞亟舒亢 亟仆舒. During this time the mine will move 1,129 million tonnes of material and produce more than 10 million ounces (300 tonnes) of gold. 亅仆 亞舒舒舒仆亟 舒亶 仆 1.129 舒 仆 仄舒亠亳舒仍 弍仂仍仂仆 舒仍仆 10舒 仆舒舒 亳仍勵勵亞 亰唏唏亢 于仆. The Mining Process 丕舒亶仆 勵亶仍 磦 Open pit mining requires close attention to geology, geotechnical planning, scheduling of earthmoving equipment, drill and blast technology and safety. 仍 舒亶亟 亞亠仂仍仂亞亳,亞亠仂亠仆仂仍仂亞亳 唏仍唏于仍唏仍,亞舒亰舒 亟舒亞 仂仆仂亞 唏唏唏唏仄亢亳亶仆 唏仍唏于仍唏仍,唏唏仄 弍舒 仍 亠仆仂仍仂亞亳,舒ﾑ仍亞勵亶 弍舒亶亟舒仍 舒舒亟舒亞亟亟舒亞.
- 4. Through constant monitoring and improvement, each aspect of open pit mining aims to control and reduce costs and improve the extraction of ore from the ground in the safest, most efficient manner. 丐仂亞仄仂仍 礌舒仍 弍仂仍仂仆 勵仆亳亶仆 唏唏仍唏唏 亳仍 舒亶仆 亰仂亳仍亞仂,亰仂亳仂仆 弍舒亶亞仍舒仍仆 弍舒亶亟舒仍,亰舒亟仍亞 弍舒亞舒亞舒 弍舒 亳仆 舒亳亞舒亶 舒亞舒 弍舒亳仍,舒ﾑ仍亞勵亶 弍舒亶亟舒仍亟 亞舒亰舒舒 勵亟亳亶亞 亞舒亞舒亢 舒于 弍仂仍仂于仍舒 亰亞 仆 亟 舒仄舒舒舒仍舒亶. A planned sequence of events is involved in mining a pit: 丕舒亶亟 舒仄舒舒舒仆 勵亶仍 磦仆 唏仍唏于仍唏亞唏唏仆亳亶 亟舒舒舒仍舒仍 identifying the resource 弍舒磿亞亳亶亞 仂亟仂仂亶仍仂亞 extracting it 仂仍弍仂仍仂仍 treating the material in a mill to produce gold bullion. 仍亰 舒仍亞 弍仍舒仆 亞舒亞舒亢 舒于舒 仄舒亠亳舒仍仆 从仂仗亳 The sequence can be considered a cycle of events, each revolution of the cycle representing an increase in pit depth by one bench (equivalent to 10 metres). 勳亶仍 磦仆 舒 亟舒仄亢亳仍亞亞 舒亶舒 舒于 勵亰仆 亟仂亞仂仍仂仂 仂仂仆仂亞亳亶仆 亞勵仆亟 亰仍 仄唏仍唏亞唏唏 磦舒亞亟舒仆舒. (10 仄 仆勵勵) Consider a bench with all material above it cleaned off as the starting point. 仂亞仂仍亞 舒于 勵亰于仍 仄舒亠亳舒仍 亟 仂仆仍仂亞 亳仆亢亳亶亞 于仍仆. The cycle then follows these steps: 亅亞仍 仆 亟舒舒舒 亰勵亶仍亳亶亞 仄唏亟仍唏亞 弍仂仍亞仂仆仂.