Open science
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Negative results are disappearing from most academic disciplines and countries according to a new study. The growing competition for funding and citations may be distorting science by worsening the bias against publishing negative or null results. Of the hypothesized problems with the current system, the worsening of the bias against negative results is perhaps the most worrying issue as it disfavors the publication of studies that do not show statistically significant or expected outcomes.
![kritik 損[Patents] projected an arti鍖cial idol of the single
inventor, radically denigrated the role of the intellectual
commons, and blocked a path to this commons for
other citizens citizens who were all, on this
account, potential inventors too. [...]
Patentees were the equivalent of squatters on public
land or better, of uncouth market traders who
planted their barrows in the middle of the highway
and barred the way of the people.束
(TL;DR: lange kette von quellen, die bei wikipedia endet.)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/openscience-160831083631/85/Open-science-19-320.jpg)
![損Intellectual Ventures is the world's largest patent troll
[] The crew at IV saw all the problems with tech
transfer o鍖ces and saw an opportunity: IV went around
from university to university and o鍖ered to buy patents
in bulk.
Mike Masnik: Patenting University Research Has Been A
Dismal Failure, Enabling Patent Trolling. It's Time To Stop](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/openscience-160831083631/85/Open-science-39-320.jpg)
Open science
- 1. open science
- 2. alchemie
- 4. alchemie
- 9. Negative results are disappearing from most disciplines and countries Daniele Fanelli Received: 1 July 2011 / Published online: 11 September 2011 Akade卒miai Kiado卒, Budapest, Hungary 2011 Abstract Concerns that the growing competition for funding and citations might distort science are frequently discussed, but have not been veri鍖ed directly. Of the hypothesized problems, perhaps the most worrying is a worsening of positive-ou that disfavours negative re Scientometrics (2012) 90:891904DOI 10.1007/s11192-011-0494-7
- 10. Negative results are disappearing from most disciplines and countries Daniele Fanelli Received: 1 July 2011 / Published online: 11 September 2011 Akade卒miai Kiado卒, Budapest, Hungary 2011 Abstract Concerns that the growing competition for funding and citations might distort science are frequently discussed, but have not been veri鍖ed directly. Of the hypothesized problems, perhaps the most worrying is a worsening of positive-ou that disfavours negative re Scientometrics (2012) 90:891904DOI 10.1007/s11192-011-0494-7 Incentives for Tr Scientific Utopia: II. Restructuring incentives and practices to promote truth over publishability Brian A. Nosek Jeffrey R. Spies Matt Motyl University of Virginia Quelle: 損Everything is fucked: The syllabus束 https://hardsci.wordpress.com/2016/08/11/everything-is-fucked-the-syllabus/
- 12. 1.Self citation and More Self Citation 2.Double publication 3.Rapid self citation 4.Goto SPIE Conference 5.Quote more references and cover up your act, the important is the number of self citation
- 14. 損A method of swinging on a swing is disclosed, in which a user positioned on a standard swing suspended by two chains from a substantially horizontal tree branch induces side to side motion by pulling alternately on one chain and then the other.束
- 17. idee: zeitlich befristeter schutz, damit autor/er鍖nder (eine zeit lang) alleine davon pro鍖tieren kann. intellectual property
- 18. individuum hat tolle idee will damit reich werden will vor konkurrenz gesch端tzt sein gesellschaft ist 損framework束 端r kreativit辰t will idee verwenden will davon pro鍖tieren
- 19. kritik 損[Patents] projected an arti鍖cial idol of the single inventor, radically denigrated the role of the intellectual commons, and blocked a path to this commons for other citizens citizens who were all, on this account, potential inventors too. [...] Patentees were the equivalent of squatters on public land or better, of uncouth market traders who planted their barrows in the middle of the highway and barred the way of the people.束 (TL;DR: lange kette von quellen, die bei wikipedia endet.)
- 20. kritik niederlande scha鍖t patentsystem 1869 ab schweiz verz旦gert ein 端hrung von patentrecht bis 1907 alle anderen: reformen.
- 22. heute 端blich: 20 jahre beispiel lego: jan 1958 zum patent angemeldet 1988 ausgelaufen zb. patentrecht ergebnis
- 24. patentierbarkeit von software europ辰isches patentamt
- 25. patentierbarkeit von software Vorsitzender der BSA als Autor der Direktive!
- 27. beispiel 損A system and process for ensuring the smooth 鍖ow of electronic ink is described束 U.S. Patent 7,212,296
- 29. beispiel priority queues 損A system and process for ensuring the smooth 鍖ow of electronic ink is described束 損The invention is operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or con鍖gurations. Examples of well known computing systems, environments, and/or con鍖gurations that may be suitable for use with the invention include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices including smart phones, smart watches, and personal data assistants, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, βevery imaginable computing system
- 30. problem software-patente oft unspezi鍖sche trivialpatente zb 損Mobile entertainment and communication device束, erteilt am 22.1.2008 patentierbarkeit von software 損...Further, the device includes sensors for sensing unusual conditions that may also be transmitted to a remote telephone...束
- 31. beispiel 損Bread refreshing method束 (U.S. Patent 6080436 A) This invention is concerned with the process and apparatus for refreshing bread products, particularly open face items such as sliced rolls, buns, mu鍖ns, and the like. An oven is provided that is capable of producing high intensity infrared radiation from a relatively high temperature source, in the range of 2500-4500 F., using fast cycle methods. A bread product is placed in an oven at ambient and then exposed to the above mentioned infrared radiation for a period of 3 to 90 seconds as appropriate.
- 32. patentierbarkeit von software 損First, we conclude that, as measured by the stock markets reaction to legal decisions expanding the patentability of software, there is no evidence that the expansion of software patentability bene鍖ted 鍖rms in the software industry.束 損There is limited evidence of relatively negative e鍖ects on some types of software producers...束 Bronwyn H. Hall, Megan MacGarvie, 2006: The Private Value of Software Patents. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- 33. patentierbarkeit von software 損...we should also emphasize that the majority of the software patents acquired during the past twenty years have been acquired by non-software 鍖rms in the ICT sector...束 Bronwyn H. Hall, Megan MacGarvie, 2006: The Private Value of Software Patents. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. wie bitte?
- 34. patentierbarkeit von software 損patent troll束 Patent troll is a pejorative term used for a person or company that enforces its patents against one or more alleged infringers in a manner considered unduly aggressive or opportunistic, often with no intention to manufacture or market the patented invention.
- 35. 損The door to Oasis's o鍖ce was locked, and through the crack under the door we could see there were no lights were on inside. It turns out a lot of those companies in that corridor, maybe every single one of them, is doing exactly what Oasis Research is doing. They appear to have no employees. They are not coming up with new inventions. The companies are in Marshall, Texas because they are 鍖ling lawsuits for patent infringement.束 When Patents Attack http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2011/07/26/138576167/when- patents-attack
- 36. 損Academic Patenting: How universities and public research organizations are using their intellectual property to boost research and spur innovative start-ups束 http://www.wipo.int/sme/en/documents/academic_patenting.html
- 37. 損Patenting University Research Has Been A Dismal Failure, Enabling Patent Trolling. It's Time To Stop束 http://http://innovationamerica.us
- 38. 損Using tech transfer o鍖ce expenses information, Valdivia estimates that 130 universities did not generate enough licensing income in 2012 to cover the wages of their technology transfer sta鍖 and the legal costs for the patents they 鍖le.束 Walter D. Valdivia: University Start-Ups: Critical for Improving Technology Transfer. Center for Technology Innovation, Brooking Research Institute.
- 39. 損Intellectual Ventures is the world's largest patent troll [] The crew at IV saw all the problems with tech transfer o鍖ces and saw an opportunity: IV went around from university to university and o鍖ered to buy patents in bulk. Mike Masnik: Patenting University Research Has Been A Dismal Failure, Enabling Patent Trolling. It's Time To Stop
- 43. wir brauchen neue modelle des austauschs publikations-stopp in pay-per-view medien systematische ber端cksichtigung von 損non-impact束 leistungen patentverzicht in 旦鍖entlichen forschungseinrichtungen forschungs鍖nanzierung nur mit o鍖enheitsklausel polymath project galaxy zoo http://theconversation.com/should-writing-for-the-public-count-toward-tenure-63983 http://www.openscience.org/blog/?p=728 http://thecostofknowledge.com
- 44. @peterpur