ｰｿﾐｿﾑひｸﾐｺﾐｰ
- 1. X. ﾐ榧ｿﾑひｸﾐｺﾐｰ 1. ﾐ厘ｰﾐｺﾐｾﾐｽ ﾐｾﾑびﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐ嶝τ ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｸﾐｹ ﾐｸ ﾐｻﾑτ ﾐｾﾑびﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾑ巾ｹ ﾐｻﾐｵﾐｶﾐｰﾑ ﾐｲ ﾐｾﾐｴﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｿﾐｻﾐｾﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾑﾑひｸ ﾑ ﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾐｼﾐｰﾐｻﾑ袴, ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾐｲﾐｵﾐｴﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｺ ﾐｾﾑびﾐｰﾐｶﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｵﾐｹ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｲﾐｵﾑﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾑひｸ ﾐｲ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｵ ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｰ. ﾐ湲ﾐｸ ﾑ采ひｾﾐｼ ﾑσｳﾐｾﾐｻ ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾑﾐｰﾐｲﾐｵﾐｽ ﾑσｳﾐｻﾑ ﾐｾﾑびﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ. ﾐ渙ｻﾐｾﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾐｵ ﾐｷﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｰﾐｻﾐｾ ﾐ斷ｾﾑﾐｼﾐｰﾐｻﾑ (ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｿﾐｵﾐｽﾐｴﾐｸﾐｺﾑσｻﾑ肖) ﾐｺ ﾐｾﾑびﾐｰﾐｶﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｵﾐｹ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｲﾐｵﾑﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾑひｸ ﾐ｣ﾐｳﾐｾﾐｻ ﾐｾﾑびﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐ｣ﾐｳﾐｾﾐｻ ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ S窶ｲ 窶 ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾑﾐｲﾐｵﾑび肖禍ｵﾐｹﾑﾑ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｸ S ﾐｲ S ﾐｿﾐｻﾐｾﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾐｼ ﾐｷﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｰﾐｻﾐｵ 窶 ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｰ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｾﾐｻﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｹ ﾐｲﾑﾐｵﾑ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｵﾐｹ, ﾐｾﾑびﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾑ錦 ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｷﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｰﾐｻﾐｰ 窶 ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｱﾐｻﾑ社ｴﾐｰﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ ﾐｺﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾑびﾑ, ﾑﾑひｾ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｸ, ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｸﾐｵ ﾐｲ ﾐｵﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｳﾐｻﾐｰﾐｷ, ﾐｿﾑﾐｸﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾑ肖 ﾐｸﾐｷ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｸ S窶ｲ ﾎｱ=ﾎｲ ﾎｱ ﾎｲ ﾐ樮びﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾑ巾ｹ ﾐｻﾑτ ﾐ渙ｰﾐｴﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｸﾐｹ ﾐｻﾑτ Sﾐ = ﾐ朶窶ｲ S窶ｲ ﾐ S ﾐ寅ｻﾐｰﾐｷ ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｱﾐｻﾑ社ｴﾐｰﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ ﾐ停ｲ ﾐ絶ｲ ﾐ ﾐ侑ｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｸ ﾐｲ ﾐｿﾐｻﾐｾﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾐｼ ﾐｷﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｰﾐｻﾐｵ ﾐｻﾐｵﾐｶﾐｸﾑ ﾐｽﾐｰ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｿﾐｵﾐｽﾐｴﾐｸﾐｺﾑσｻﾑ肖ﾐｵ, ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾐｲﾐｵﾐｴﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾐｾﾐｼ ﾐｺ ﾐｷﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｰﾐｻﾑ ﾐｸﾐｷ ﾑ采ひｾﾐｹ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｸ, ﾐｿﾑﾐｸﾑﾐｵﾐｼ, ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾑひｾﾑ紹ｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｴﾐｾ ﾐｷﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｰﾐｻﾐｰ ﾐｾﾑ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｸ ﾐｸ ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｵﾐｵ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｾﾐｴﾐｸﾐｽﾐｰﾐｺﾐｾﾐｲﾑ. ﾐ ﾐ侑ｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｼﾐｵﾑひｰ ﾑﾐｸﾐｼﾐｼﾐｵﾑびﾐｸﾑﾐｽﾐｾ ﾑﾐｰﾐｼﾐｾﾐｼﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｼﾐｵﾑび ﾐｾﾑひｽﾐｾﾑﾐｸﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾ ﾐｿﾐｻﾐｾﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾑﾑひｸ ﾐｷﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｰﾐｻﾐｰ 2. ﾐ厘ｰﾐｺﾐｾﾐｽ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐ湲ﾐｸ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｵ ﾐｸﾐｷ ﾐｾﾐｴﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾐｷﾑﾐｰﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ ﾐｲ ﾐｴﾑﾑσｳﾑτ ﾑﾐｲﾐｵﾑひｾﾐｲﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｻﾑτ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑひｸﾑﾐｽﾐｾ ﾐｾﾑびﾐｰﾐｶﾐｰﾐｵﾑびﾑ ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｳﾑﾐｰﾐｽﾐｸﾑﾑ ﾑﾐｰﾐｷﾐｴﾐｵﾐｻﾐｰ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴ, ﾐｰ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑひｸﾑﾐｽﾐｾ ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｸﾑ ﾐｲ ﾑﾐｻﾐｵﾐｴﾑτ紗禾τ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ, ﾐｿﾑﾐｸﾑﾐｵﾐｼ, ﾐｲ ﾐｽﾐｾﾐｲﾐｾﾐｹ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｵ ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｿﾑﾐｰﾐｲﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｰ ﾐｼﾐｾﾐｶﾐｵﾑ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｼﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑび袴ﾑ. ﾐ｢ﾐｰﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｻﾑτ, ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｼﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｲﾑ威ｸﾐｹ ﾑﾐｲﾐｾﾐｵ ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｿﾑﾐｰﾐｲﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｿﾑﾐｸ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｵ ﾐｲ ﾐｽﾐｾﾐｲﾑτ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ, ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｷﾑ巾ｲﾐｰﾐｵﾑびﾑ ﾐ渙ﾐ片嶢榧慴嶢片斷斷ｫﾐ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｾﾐｼ. ﾐ｣ﾐｳﾐｾﾐｻ ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾎｱ ﾐ斷ｾﾑﾐｼﾐｰﾐｻﾑ (ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｿﾐｵﾐｽﾐｴﾐｸﾐｺﾑσｻﾑ肖) ﾐｺ ﾐｳﾑﾐｰﾐｽﾐｸﾑﾐｵ ﾑﾐｰﾐｷﾐｴﾐｵﾐｻﾐｰ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴ ﾎｱ ﾐ樮びﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾑ巾ｹ ﾐｻﾑτ (ﾑﾐｵﾐｷﾑσｻﾑ袴ひｰﾑ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑひｸﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｾﾑびﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ) ﾐ渙ｰﾐｴﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｸﾐｹ ﾐｻﾑτ ﾎｲ n2 > n1 ; ﾎｱ > ﾎｲ ﾐ｡ﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｰ 1 (ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｷﾐｴﾑτ) ﾎｱ ﾐ湲ﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾑ巾ｹ ﾐｻﾑτ ﾐ｣ﾐｳﾐｾﾐｻ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ n2 < n1 ; ﾎｱ < ﾎｲ ﾎｱ n1 n2 ﾎｲ ﾐ｡ﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｰ 2 (ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｴﾐｰ) ﾐ湲ﾐｸ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｵ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｰ ﾐｲ ﾐｾﾐｿﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｸ ﾐｱﾐｾﾐｻﾐｵﾐｵ ﾐｿﾐｻﾐｾﾑひｽﾑτ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ (n2 > n1) ﾐｻﾑτ ﾐｿﾑﾐｸﾐｱﾐｻﾐｸﾐｶﾐｰﾐｵﾑびﾑ ﾐｺ ﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾐｼﾐｰﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐ｡ﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｰ 1 (ﾑﾑひｵﾐｺﾐｻﾐｾ) n1 n2 ﾎｲ ﾐ｡ﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｰ 2 (ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｷﾐｴﾑτ) ﾐ湲ﾐｸ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｵ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｰ ﾐｲ ﾐｾﾐｿﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｸ ﾐｼﾐｵﾐｽﾐｵﾐｵ ﾐｿﾐｻﾐｾﾑひｽﾑτ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ (n2 < n1) ﾐｻﾑτ ﾐｾﾑひｴﾐｰﾐｻﾑ紹ｵﾑびﾑ ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾐｼﾐｰﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐ嶝τ ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｸﾐｹ ﾐｸ ﾐｻﾑτ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾑ巾ｹ ﾐｻﾐｵﾐｶﾐｰﾑ ﾐｲ ﾐｾﾐｴﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｿﾐｻﾐｾﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾑﾑひｸ ﾑ ﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾐｼﾐｰﾐｻﾑ袴, ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾐｲﾐｵﾐｴﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｺ ﾐｳﾑﾐｰﾐｽﾐｸﾑﾐｵ ﾑﾐｰﾐｷﾐｴﾐｵﾐｻﾐｰ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴ ﾐｲ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｵ ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｰ. ﾐ湲ﾐｸ ﾑ采ひｾﾐｼ 竡 sin ﾎｱ 竡 ﾐｾﾑひｽﾐｾﾑ威ｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾑﾐｸﾐｽﾑτﾐｰ ﾑσｳﾐｻﾐｰ ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｺ ﾑﾐｸﾐｽﾑτﾑ ﾑσｳﾐｻﾐｰ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ 竡 竡 竡 sin ﾎｲ 竡 ﾐｵﾑﾑび ﾐｲﾐｵﾐｻﾐｸﾑﾐｸﾐｽﾐｰ ﾐｿﾐｾﾑﾑひｾﾑ紹ｽﾐｽﾐｰﾑ ﾐｴﾐｻﾑ ﾐｴﾐｰﾐｽﾐｽﾑ錦 ﾐｴﾐｲﾑτ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴ ﾐｿﾑﾐｸ ﾐｴﾐｰﾐｽﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑひｾﾑひｵ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｻﾑτﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ. ﾐｰﾐｱﾑﾐｾﾐｻﾑ紗ひｽﾑ巾ｹ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｺﾐｰﾐｷﾐｰﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｲﾑひｾﾑﾐｾﾐｹ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ sin ﾎｱ v n = n21 = ﾑﾐｲﾐｵﾑひｰ 1 = 2 sin ﾎｲ vﾑﾐｲﾐｵﾑひｰ 2 n1 ﾐ樮ひｽﾐｾﾑﾐｸﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾑ巾ｹ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｺﾐｰﾐｷﾐｰﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ (ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｺﾐｰﾐｷﾐｰﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｲﾑひｾﾑﾐｾﾐｹ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ ﾐｾﾑひｽﾐｾﾑﾐｸﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｲﾐｾﾐｹ) ﾐｰﾐｱﾑﾐｾﾐｻﾑ紗ひｽﾑ巾ｹ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｺﾐｰﾐｷﾐｰﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｲﾐｾﾐｹ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ ﾐ樮ひｽﾐｾﾑ威ｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾑﾐｾﾑﾑひｸ ﾑﾐｲﾐｵﾑひｰ ﾐｲ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｲﾐｾﾐｹ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｵ ﾐｺ ﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾑﾐｾﾑﾑひｸ ﾑﾐｲﾐｵﾑひｰ ﾐｲﾐｾ ﾐｲﾑひｾﾑﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐ籍ｱﾑﾐｾﾐｻﾑ紗ひｽﾑ巾ｹ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｺﾐｰﾐｷﾐｰﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ 窶 ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｺﾐｰﾐｷﾐｰﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ ﾐｾﾑひｽﾐｾﾑﾐｸﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾ ﾐｲﾐｰﾐｺﾑτσｼﾐｰ: nﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ = ﾑ vﾑﾐｲﾐｵﾑひｰ ﾐｲ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｵ ﾐ湲ﾐｸ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｵ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｰ ﾐ｡ﾐｺﾐｾﾑﾐｾﾑﾑび ﾑﾐｲﾐｵﾑひｰ ﾐｲ ﾐｲﾐｰﾐｺﾑτσｼﾐｵ ﾑ 竕 3站108 ﾐｼ/ﾑ ﾐｲ ﾐｾﾐｿﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｸ ﾐｼﾐｵﾐｽﾐｵﾐｵ ﾐｿﾐｻﾐｾﾑひｽﾑτ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ (n2 < n1) vﾑﾐｲﾐｵﾑひｰ ﾐｲ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｷﾐｴﾑτﾐｵ 竕 ﾑ, ﾑ. ﾐｵ. nﾐｲﾐｾﾐｷﾐｴﾑτﾐｰ 竕 1 ﾐｼﾐｾﾐｶﾐｵﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｹﾑひｸ ﾐ渙榧嶢斷榧 ﾐ榧｢ﾐﾐ籍孟片斷侑 ﾐｻﾑτﾐｰ ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｳﾑﾐｰﾐｽﾐｸﾑﾑ ﾑﾐｰﾐｷﾐｴﾐｵﾐｻﾐｰ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴ, ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾑσｳﾐｾﾐｻ ﾎｱ0 竏 ﾑσｳﾐｾﾐｻ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽﾐｾﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｲﾐｽﾑτびﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾐｵﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｾﾑびﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾑﾐｻﾐｸﾑ威ｺﾐｾﾐｼ ﾐｲﾐｵﾐｻﾐｸﾐｺ: ﾎｱ 竕･ ﾎｱ0 ﾐ｡ﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｰ 2 (ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｷﾐｴﾑτ) ﾐｿﾑﾐｸ ﾑσｳﾐｻﾐｵ ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾎｱ = ﾎｱ0 n2 < n1 竍 ﾎｱ < ﾎｲ sin ﾎｱ 0 = n2 n1 sin ﾎｱ 0 = ﾑσｳﾐｾﾐｻ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾎｲ0 = 90ﾐｾ 竍 1 n ﾎｲ0 = 90ﾐｾ ﾎｱ0 n1 ﾎｱ > ﾎｱ0 ﾐ｡ﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｰ 1 (ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｴﾐｰ) ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｻﾑτ ﾐｲﾑ錦ﾐｾﾐｴﾐｸﾑ ﾐｲ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｷﾐｴﾑτ ﾐｸﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｲﾐｰﾐｺﾑτσｼ ﾐｸﾐｷ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ ﾑ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｺﾐｰﾐｷﾐｰﾑひｵﾐｻﾐｵﾐｼ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ n ﾐ湲ﾐｸ ﾑσｳﾐｻﾐｰﾑ ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｼﾐｵﾐｽﾑ袴威ｸﾑ, ﾑﾐｵﾐｼ ﾎｱ0, ﾐ湲ﾐｸ ﾎｱ 竕･ ﾎｱ0 ﾐｻﾑτ ﾐｻﾑτ ﾐｾﾑびﾐｰﾐｶﾐｰﾐｵﾑびﾑ ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｳﾑﾐｰﾐｽﾐｸﾑﾑ ﾑﾐｰﾐｷﾐｴﾐｵﾐｻﾐｰ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾑび袴 ﾐｾﾑびﾐｰﾐｶﾐｰﾐｵﾑびﾑ ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｳﾑﾐｰﾐｽﾐｸﾑﾑ ﾑﾐｰﾐｷﾐｴﾐｵﾐｻﾐｰ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴ ﾐｸ ﾐｽﾐｵ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴ ﾐｻﾐｸﾑ尉 ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑひｸﾑﾐｽﾐｾ (ﾑ ﾑﾐｾﾑﾑひｾﾐｼ ﾎｱ ﾐｴﾐｾﾐｻﾑ ﾐｲﾑ錦ﾐｾﾐｴﾐｸﾑ ﾐｲﾐｾ ﾐｲﾑひｾﾑﾑτ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ ﾐｾﾑびﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾑ災ｽﾐｵﾑﾐｳﾐｸﾐｸ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑひｵﾑ) n1站sin ﾎｱ1 = n2站sin ﾎｱ2 = 窶ｦ = const ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾐｸﾐｷﾐｲﾐｵﾐｴﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｺﾐｰﾐｷﾐｰﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ ﾐｽﾐｰ ﾑﾐｸﾐｽﾑτ ﾑσｳﾐｻﾐｰ ﾐｼﾐｵﾐｶﾐｴﾑ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｾﾐｼ ﾐｸ ﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾐｼﾐｰﾐｻﾑ袴 ﾐｲ ﾑ采ひｾﾐｹ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｵ ﾐｾﾑﾑひｰﾐｵﾑびﾑ ﾐｽﾐｵﾐｸﾐｷﾐｼﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾑ巾ｼ ﾐｿﾑﾐｸ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｵ ﾐｸﾐｷ ﾐｾﾐｴﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ ﾐｲ ﾐｴﾑﾑσｳﾑτ R2 ﾐｸ R1 ﾐｱﾐｵﾑﾑτびﾑ ﾑﾐｾ ﾐｷﾐｽﾐｰﾐｺﾐｾﾐｼ ﾂｫ+ﾂｻ, ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｰ ﾐｲﾑ巾ｿﾑσｺﾐｻﾐｰﾑ, ﾂｫ竏陳ｻ - ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｳﾐｽﾑτひｰﾑ R2 4. ﾐ嶢ｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｰ 窶 ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾐｷﾑﾐｰﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾐｵ ﾑひｵﾐｻﾐｾ, ﾐｾﾐｳﾑﾐｰﾐｽﾐｸﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾐｾﾐｵ ﾐｴﾐｲﾑσｼﾑ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｸﾐｼﾐｸ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｲﾐｵﾑﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾑび紹ｼﾐｸ. ﾐ嶢ｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｰ ﾑﾑﾐｸﾑひｰﾐｵﾑびﾑ ﾑひｾﾐｽﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ, ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｵﾐｵ ﾑひｾﾐｻﾑ禍ｸﾐｽﾐｰ ﾐ籍 ﾐｼﾐｰﾐｻﾐｰ ﾐｿﾐｾ ﾑﾑﾐｰﾐｲﾐｽﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾑ ﾑﾐｰﾐｴﾐｸﾑτﾐｰﾐｼﾐｸ R1 ﾐｸ R2 ﾑﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｸﾑ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｲﾐｵﾑﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾑひｵﾐｹ, ﾐｾﾐｳﾑﾐｰﾐｽﾐｸﾑﾐｸﾐｲﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｸﾑ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ, ﾐｰ ﾑひｰﾐｺﾐｶﾐｵ ﾐｿﾐｾ ﾑﾑﾐｰﾐｲﾐｽﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾑ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾑひｾﾑ紹ｽﾐｸﾑ紹ｼﾐｸ d ﾐｸ f ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾐｴﾐｾ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｼﾐｵﾑひｰ ﾐｸ ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾐｴﾐｾ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ. ﾐ嶢ｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｰ ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｷﾑ巾ｲﾐｰﾐｵﾑびﾑ ﾑﾐｾﾐｱﾐｸﾑﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｵﾐｹ, ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｸ, ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｸﾐｵ ﾐｽﾐｰ ﾐｽﾐｵﾐｵ ﾐｿﾐｰﾑﾐｰﾐｻﾐｻﾐｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾ ﾐｴﾑﾑσｳ ﾐｴﾑﾑσｳﾑ, ﾐｿﾐｾﾑﾐｻﾐｵ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾑﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾑ肖びﾑ. ﾐ嶢ｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｰ ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｷﾑ巾ｲﾐｰﾐｵﾑびﾑ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｸﾐｲﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｵﾐｹ, ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｸ, ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｸﾐｵ ﾐｽﾐｰ ﾐｽﾐｵﾐｵ ﾐｿﾐｰﾑﾐｰﾐｻﾐｻﾐｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾ ﾐｴﾑﾑσｳ ﾐｴﾑﾑσｳﾑ, ﾐｿﾐｾﾑﾐｻﾐｵ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾑ肖びﾑ. ﾐ､ﾐｾﾐｺﾑτﾐｾﾐｼ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｷﾑ巾ｲﾐｰﾐｵﾑびﾑ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｰ, ﾐｲ ﾐｺﾐｾﾑひｾﾑﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｿﾐｾﾑﾐｻﾐｵ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｺﾐｰﾑ紗びﾑ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｸ, ﾑσｿﾐｰﾐｲﾑ威ｸﾐｵ ﾐｽﾐｰ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾐｿﾐｰﾑﾐｰﾐｻﾐｻﾐｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾ ﾐｵﾐｵ ﾐｳﾐｻﾐｰﾐｲﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｾﾐｿﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｾﾑﾐｸ (ﾐｸﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｾﾐｻﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾑ錦 ﾐｻﾑτﾐｵﾐｹ, ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｰ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｸﾐｲﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｰﾑ). 竡 竡 1 ﾐ榧ｿﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｰﾑ ﾑﾐｸﾐｻﾐｰ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ 1 竡嬾 D = = 竡 ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ 竏 1竡 站 竡 + ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｼﾐｵﾑﾑ紹ｵﾑびﾑ ﾐｲ ﾐｴﾐｸﾐｾﾐｿﾑびﾐｸﾑ肖: 竡 竡慊ｱR F 竡 nﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ 1 1 ﾐｴﾐｿﾑび = 1/ﾐｼ = 1ﾐｼ-1 竡 竡 竡 ﾐ ﾐ1 ﾐ ﾐ2 ﾐ寅ｻﾐｰﾐｲﾐｽﾐｰﾑ ﾐｾﾐｿﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｰﾑ ﾐｾﾑﾑ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ 窶 ﾐｿﾑﾑ紹ｼﾐｰﾑ, R1 ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾑ肖禍ｰﾑ ﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｷ ﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾑびﾑ ﾐ1 ﾐｸ ﾐ2 ﾑﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｸﾑ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｲﾐｵﾑﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾑひｵﾐｹ, ﾐｾﾐｳﾑﾐｰﾐｽﾐｸﾑﾐｸﾐｲﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｸﾑ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ. ﾐ榧ｱﾐｾﾐｷﾐｽﾐｰﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾑひｾﾐｽﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ ﾑﾐｾﾐｱﾐｸﾑﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｵﾐｹ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ F O 1 竡 竡 ﾂｱ R2 竡 竡 F>0 F ﾐ榧ｱﾐｾﾐｷﾐｽﾐｰﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾑひｾﾐｽﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｸﾐｲﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｵﾐｹ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾐ､ﾐｾﾐｺﾑτ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ F O ﾐ､ﾐｾﾐｺﾑτﾐｽﾐｾﾐｵ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾑひｾﾑ紹ｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ 窶 ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾑひｾﾑ紹ｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾐｴﾐｾ ﾑﾐｾﾐｺﾑτﾐｰ. 竡廡 竡 F < 0 ﾐ ﾐ｡ﾐ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｼﾐｵﾑﾑ紹ｵﾑびﾑ ﾐｲ ﾐｼﾐｵﾑびﾐｰﾑ.
- 2. 5. ﾐ侑ｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｸ S ﾐｲ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｵ 窶 ﾑ采ひｾ ﾑひｰﾐｺﾐｰﾑ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｰ S 窶ｲ, ﾐｲ ﾐｺﾐｾﾑひｾﾑﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｸ, ﾐｲﾑ錦威ｵﾐｴﾑ威ｸﾐｵ ﾐｸﾐｷ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｸ S, ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｺﾐｰﾑ紗びﾑ ﾐｿﾐｾﾑﾐｻﾐｵ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｲ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｵ. S h F O A A窶ｲ F ﾑﾐｰﾐｷﾐｼﾐｵﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｼﾐｵﾑひｰ S窶ｲ ﾐ 窶 ﾑﾐｰﾐｷﾐｼﾐｵﾑ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾑひｾﾑ紹ｽﾐｸﾐｵ 竡彷 竡 ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾐｴﾐｾ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾑひｾﾑ紹ｽﾐｸﾐｵ 竡彭 竡 ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾐｴﾐｾ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｼﾐｵﾑひｰ 1 1 1 + = ﾂｱd ﾂｱ f ﾂｱF ﾎ= f H = h d ﾐｧﾑひｾﾐｱﾑ ﾐｿﾐｾﾑﾑびﾐｾﾐｸﾑび ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ S 窶ｲ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｸ S, ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｴﾐｾ ﾐｷﾐｽﾐｰﾑび ﾑﾐｾﾐｴ ﾐｴﾐｲﾑτ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｵﾐｹ, ﾐｲﾑ錦威ｵﾐｴﾑ威ｸﾑ ﾐｸﾐｷ S ﾐｸ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾑ錦 ﾐｲ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｵ (ﾐｳﾐｴﾐｵ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｺﾑτびﾑ ﾑ采ひｸ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｸ, ﾑひｰﾐｼ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｺﾑτびﾑ ﾐｸ ﾐｲﾑﾐｵ ﾐｾﾑﾑひｰﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾑ巾ｵ). ﾐ柘ﾐｵﾐｳﾐｴﾐｰ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｲﾐｵﾑﾑひｵﾐｽ ﾑﾐｾﾐｴ ﾑﾐｻﾐｵﾐｴﾑτ紗禍ｸﾑ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｵﾐｹ: 窶｢ ﾐｻﾑτ, ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｸﾐｹ ﾐｽﾐｰ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾐｿﾐｰﾑﾐｰﾐｻﾐｻﾐｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾ ﾐｳﾐｻﾐｰﾐｲﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｾﾐｿﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｾﾑﾐｸ, ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｸﾐｲﾑ威ｸﾑﾑ, ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｸﾑ ﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｷ ﾑﾐｾﾐｺﾑτ (ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｰ ﾑﾐｾﾐｱﾐｸﾑﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｰﾑ) ﾐｸﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｸﾐｴﾐｵﾑ ﾑひｰﾐｺ, ﾑﾑひｾ ﾐｵﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｾﾐｻﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｸﾑ ﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｷ ﾑﾐｾﾐｺﾑτ (ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｰ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｸﾐｲﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｰﾑ) 窶｢ ﾐｻﾑτ, ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｸﾐｹ ﾐｽﾐｰ ﾑﾐｾﾐｱﾐｸﾑﾐｰﾑ紗禾τ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ, ﾐｿﾐｾ ﾐｿﾑﾑ紹ｼﾐｾﾐｹ, ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾑ肖禍ｵﾐｹ ﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｷ ﾑﾐｾﾐｺﾑτ, (ﾐｻﾑτ, ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｸﾐｹ ﾐｽﾐｰ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｸﾐｲﾐｰﾑ紗禾τ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾐｲﾐｴﾐｾﾐｻﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾑ紹ｼﾐｾﾐｹ, ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾑ肖禍ｵﾐｹ ﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｷ ﾑﾐｾﾐｺﾑτ, ﾑﾐｰﾑﾐｿﾐｾﾐｻﾐｾﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾑ巾ｹ ﾑ ﾐｴﾑﾑσｳﾐｾﾐｹ ﾑﾑひｾﾑﾐｾﾐｽﾑ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ) ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｸﾐｲﾑ威ｸﾑﾑ, ﾐｸﾐｴﾐｵﾑ ﾐｿﾐｰﾑﾐｰﾐｻﾐｻﾐｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾ ﾐｳﾐｻﾐｰﾐｲﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｾﾐｿﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｾﾑﾐｸ 窶｢ ﾐｻﾑτ, ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾑ肖禍ｸﾐｹ ﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｷ ﾐｾﾐｿﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｸﾐｹ ﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾑび ﾑひｾﾐｽﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ, ﾐｿﾐｾﾑﾐｻﾐｵ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｰﾐｺﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｸ ﾐｽﾐｵ ﾐｾﾑひｺﾐｻﾐｾﾐｽﾑ紹ｵﾑびﾑ ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾑ紹ｼﾐｾﾐｹ, ﾐｲﾐｴﾐｾﾐｻﾑ ﾐｺﾐｾﾑひｾﾑﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｾﾐｽ ﾑσｿﾐｰﾐｻ ﾐｽﾐｰ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ. ﾐ篇ﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｺﾐｰﾐｷﾐｰﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑ ﾐｾﾐｴﾐｸﾐｽﾐｰﾐｺﾐｾﾐｲ ﾑ ﾐｾﾐｱﾐｵﾐｸﾑ ﾑﾑひｾﾑﾐｾﾐｽ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ, ﾑひｾ ﾐｾﾐｿﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｸﾐｹ ﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾑび (ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｰ ﾐ ﾐｽﾐｰ ﾑﾐｸﾑﾑσｽﾐｺﾐｵ) 窶 ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｳﾐｻﾐｰﾐｲﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｾﾐｿﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｾﾑﾐｸ ﾑ ﾐｿﾐｻﾐｾﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾑﾑび袴 ﾑひｾﾐｽﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ. ﾐ嶢ｸﾐｽﾐｵﾐｹﾐｽﾐｾﾐｵ (ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾐｵ) ﾑσｲﾐｵﾐｻﾐｸﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ 窶 ﾐｾﾑひｽﾐｾﾑ威ｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾑﾐｰﾐｷﾐｼﾐｵﾑﾐｰ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ (H) ﾐｺ ﾑﾐｰﾐｷﾐｼﾐｵﾑﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｼﾐｵﾑひｰ (h), ﾐｺﾐｾﾐｳﾐｴﾐｰ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｼﾐｵﾑ 窶 ﾐｾﾑびﾐｵﾐｷﾐｾﾐｺ, ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｿﾐｵﾐｽﾐｴﾐｸﾐｺﾑσｻﾑ肖ﾐｽﾑ巾ｹ ﾐｳﾐｻﾐｰﾐｲﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｾﾐｿﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｾﾑﾐｸ. ﾐ､ﾐｾﾑﾐｼﾑσｻﾐｰ ﾑひｾﾐｽﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾐﾐｰﾑﾑﾑひｰﾐｽﾐｾﾐｲﾐｺﾐｰ ﾐｷﾐｽﾐｰﾐｺﾐｾﾐｲ ﾐｲ ﾑﾐｾﾑﾐｼﾑσｻﾐｵ ﾑひｾﾐｽﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ: ﾐ渙ｵﾑﾐｵﾐｴ ﾑﾐｾﾐｺﾑτﾐｽﾑ巾ｼ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾑひｾﾑ紹ｽﾐｸﾐｵﾐｼ 竡廡 竡: ﾂｫ+ﾂｻ 窶 ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｰ ﾑﾐｾﾐｱﾐｸﾑﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｰﾑ, ﾂｫ竏陳ｻ 窶 ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｰ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｸﾐｲﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｰﾑ. S ﾐ渙ｵﾑﾐｵﾐｴ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾑひｾﾑ紹ｽﾐｸﾐｵﾐｼ 竡彷 竡 ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾐｴﾐｾ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ: ﾂｫ+ﾂｻ 窶 ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｴﾐｵﾐｹﾑﾑひｲﾐｸﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾﾐｵ, ﾑ. ﾐｵ. ﾐｻﾑτﾐｸ ﾐｾﾑ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｸﾑﾑひｾﾑﾐｽﾐｸﾐｺﾐｰ ﾐｿﾐｾﾑﾐｻﾐｵ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｲ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｵ ﾑﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾑ肖びﾑ: ﾂｫ竏陳ｻ 窶 ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｼﾐｽﾐｸﾐｼﾐｾﾐｵ, ﾑ. ﾐｵ. ﾐｻﾑτﾐｸ ﾐｾﾑ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｸﾑﾑひｾﾑﾐｽﾐｸﾐｺﾐｰ S S窶ｲ ﾐｵﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｽﾐｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｷﾑ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｻﾑτﾐｸﾑび ﾐｿﾐｾﾑﾐｻﾐｵ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｲ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｵ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾑ肖びﾑ. ﾐ ﾑ采ひｾﾐｼ ﾑﾐｻﾑτﾐｰﾐｵ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵﾐｼ ﾐｽﾐｰ ﾑ災ｺﾑﾐｰﾐｽﾐｵ, ﾐｺﾐｰﾐｺ ﾐｴﾐｵﾐｹﾑﾑひｲﾐｸﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾﾐｵ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾑﾑﾐｸﾑひｰﾐｵﾑびﾑ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｰ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｾﾐｻﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｹ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾑ錦 ﾐｻﾑτﾐｵﾐｹ S 窶ｲ (ﾐｸﾐｼﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾐｾ ﾐｲ ﾑ采ひｾﾐｹ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｵ ﾐｲﾐｸﾐｴﾐｸﾑびﾑ ﾐｸﾑﾑひｾﾑﾐｽﾐｸﾐｺ ﾑﾐｲﾐｵﾑひｰ ﾐｳﾐｻﾐｰﾐｷﾑ, ﾐｲ ﾐｺﾐｾﾑひｾﾑﾑ巾ｹ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｰﾑ紗 ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｻﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾑ巾ｵ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｸ) f <0 S窶ｲ f >0 ﾐｳﾐｻﾐｰﾐｷ ﾐｲﾐｸﾐｴﾐｸﾑ ﾐｼﾐｽﾐｸﾐｼﾐｾﾐｵ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ S窶ｲ ﾐ渙ｵﾑﾐｵﾐｴ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾑひｾﾑ紹ｽﾐｸﾐｵﾐｼ 竡彭 竡 ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾐｴﾐｾ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｼﾐｵﾑひｰ: ﾂｫ+ﾂｻ 窶 ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｼﾐｵﾑ ﾐｴﾐｵﾐｹﾑﾑひｲﾐｸﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾑ巾ｹ, ﾑ. ﾐｵ. ﾐｻﾑτﾐｸ ﾐｾﾑ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾐｳﾐｾ S ﾐｸﾑﾑひｾﾑﾐｽﾐｸﾐｺﾐｰ ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｰﾑ紗 ﾐｽﾐｰ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾑ肖禍ｸﾐｼﾑﾑ ﾐｺﾐｾﾐｽﾑτﾐｾﾐｼ: ﾂｫ竏陳ｻ 窶 ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｼﾐｵﾑ ﾐｼﾐｽﾐｸﾐｼﾑ巾ｹ, ﾑ. ﾐｵ. ﾐｻﾑτﾐｸ ﾐｾﾑ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｸﾑﾑひｾﾑﾐｽﾐｸﾐｺﾐｰ d >0 ﾐｿﾐｰﾐｴﾐｰﾑ紗 ﾐｽﾐｰ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ ﾑﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾑ肖禍ｸﾐｼﾑﾑ ﾐｺﾐｾﾐｽﾑτﾐｾﾐｼ (ﾑ采ひｾ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｷﾐｼﾐｾﾐｶﾐｽﾐｾ, ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｿﾑﾐｸﾐｼﾐｵﾑ, S ﾐｼﾐｽﾐｸﾐｼﾑ巾ｹ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｼﾐｵﾑ ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｸ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｲﾐｰﾑﾐｸﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾ ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾑ威ｻﾐｸ ﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｷ ﾑﾐｾﾐｱﾐｸﾑﾐｰﾑ紗禾τ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ). ﾐ ﾑ采ひｾﾐｼ ﾑﾐｻﾑτﾐｰﾐｵ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｼﾐｵﾑひｾﾐｼ ﾑﾑﾐｸﾑひｰﾐｵﾑびﾑ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｰ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｾﾐｻﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｹ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｵﾐｹ, ﾑσｿﾐｰﾐｲﾑ威ｸﾑ ﾐｽﾐｰ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ. d <0 6. ﾐ漬ｾﾐｷﾐｼﾐｾﾐｶﾐｽﾑ巾ｵ ﾑﾐｻﾑτﾐｰﾐｸ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾐｿﾐｾﾐｻﾐｾﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｼﾐｵﾑひｰ: S 6.1. d 竊 竏 (ﾑ. ﾐｵ. d >> 竡廡 竡) ﾐ ﾑ采ひｾﾐｼ ﾑﾐｻﾑτﾐｰﾐｵ ﾐｻﾑτﾐｸ ﾐｾﾑ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｸﾑﾑひｾﾑﾐｽﾐｸﾐｺﾐｰ ﾐｸﾐｴﾑτ ﾐｿﾑﾐｰﾐｺﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｸ ﾐｿﾐｰﾑﾐｰﾐｻﾐｻﾐｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾ ﾐｴﾑﾑσｳ ﾐｴﾑﾑσｳﾑ. f = F 窶 ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｽﾐｾﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｸﾑﾑひｾﾑﾐｽﾐｸﾐｺﾐｰ ﾐｽﾐｰﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｸﾑびﾑ ﾐｲ ﾑﾐｾﾐｺﾐｰﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｿﾐｻﾐｾﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾑﾑひｸ. 6.2. d 竏 (2F; 竏) f 竏 (F; 2F) F (ﾑﾐｾﾑひｾﾐｳﾑﾐｰﾑﾐｸﾑ) 2F 6.4. d 竏 (F; 2F) f 竏 (2F; 竏) F 2F (ﾐｺﾐｸﾐｽﾐｾ, ﾐｴﾐｸﾐｰﾑﾐｸﾐｻﾑ糊ｼ) 6.6. d 竏 (0; F) f 竏 (竏 竏; 0) (ﾐｻﾑσｿﾐｰ) F F F F 2F 2F F S窶ｲ ﾐ侑ｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ: 6.3. d = 2F ; f = 2F 窶ｦ f =F ﾐｴﾐｵﾐｹﾑﾑひｲﾐｸﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾﾐｵ (f > 0 ), d竊停 ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｲﾐｵﾑﾐｽﾑτひｾﾐｵ, F 2F ﾑσｼﾐｵﾐｽﾑ袴威ｵﾐｽﾐｽﾐｾﾐｵ (|d| > | f | 竍 ﾎ < 1) ﾐﾐｰﾐｷﾐｼﾐｵﾑ ﾐｸﾐｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾑﾐｰﾐｲﾐｵﾐｽ 2F F ﾑﾐｰﾐｷﾐｼﾐｵﾑﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｼﾐｵﾑひｰ (d = f, ﾎ = 1) ﾐ侑ｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ: S ﾐｴﾐｵﾐｹﾑﾑひｲﾐｸﾑひｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾﾐｵ (f > 0 ), 6.5. d = F ; f 竊 竏 - ﾐｻﾑτﾐｸ ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｸﾑﾑひｾﾑﾐｽﾐｸﾐｺﾐｰ, ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｲﾐｵﾑﾐｽﾑτひｾﾐｵ, F ﾐｻﾐｵﾐｶﾐｰﾑ禍ｵﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｲ ﾑﾐｾﾐｺﾐｰﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｿﾐｻﾐｾﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾑﾑひｸ, ﾑσｲﾐｵﾐｻﾐｸﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾐｾﾐｵ (|d| < | f | 竍 ﾎ > 1) F ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｻﾐｾﾐｼﾐｸﾐｲﾑ威ｸﾑﾑ, ﾐｸﾐｴﾑτ ﾐｿﾐｰﾑﾐｰﾐｻﾐｻﾐｵﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾐｾ. 6.7. ﾐﾐｰﾑﾑﾐｵﾐｸﾐｲﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｰﾑ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾐｰ: ﾐ侑ｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ: ﾐ侑ｷﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｰﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ: ﾐｼﾐｽﾐｸﾐｼﾐｾﾐｵ (f < 0 ), ﾐｼﾐｽﾐｸﾐｼﾐｾﾐｵ (f < 0 ), ﾐｿﾑﾑ紹ｼﾐｾﾐｵ, ﾐｿﾑﾑ紹ｼﾐｾﾐｵ, F ﾑσｲﾐｵﾐｻﾐｸﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾐｽﾐｾﾐｵ (|d| < | f | 竍 ﾎ > 1) ﾑσｼﾐｵﾐｽﾑ袴威ｵﾐｽﾐｽﾐｾﾐｵ (|d| > | f | 竍 ﾎ < 1) ﾐ頒ｻﾑ ﾑﾐｾﾐｱﾐｸﾑﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｵﾐｹ ﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｷﾑ: f ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｲﾐｵﾑﾐｽﾑτひｾﾐｵ 2F F d 7. ﾐ侑ｽﾑひｵﾑﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾑﾐｸﾑ 窶 ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｻﾐｾﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽ, ﾐｿﾑﾐｸ ﾐｺﾐｾﾑひｾﾑﾐｾﾐｼ ﾑ采ひｸ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽﾑ ﾐｲ ﾐｾﾐｴﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｰﾑ ﾑτﾐｸﾐｻﾐｸﾐｲﾐｰﾑ紗 ﾐｴﾑﾑσｳ ﾐｴﾑﾑσｳﾐｰ, F 2F ﾐｰ ﾐｲ ﾐｴﾑﾑσｳﾐｸﾑ 窶 ﾐｾﾑﾐｻﾐｰﾐｱﾐｻﾑ肖紗 ﾐｴﾑﾑσｳ ﾐｴﾑﾑσｳﾐｰ, ﾑひｰﾐｺ, ﾑﾑひｾ ﾐｸﾐｽﾑひｵﾐｽﾑﾐｸﾐｲﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾑび ﾑﾐｵﾐｷﾑσｻﾑ袴ひｸﾑﾑτ紗禍ｵﾐｹ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽﾑ ﾐｽﾐｵ ﾑﾐｰﾐｲﾐｽﾐｰ ﾑﾑσｼﾐｼﾐｵ ﾐｸﾐｽﾑひｵﾐｽﾑﾐｸﾐｲﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾑひｵﾐｹ ﾐｿﾑﾑ紹ｼﾐｾﾐｵ ﾑﾐｺﾐｻﾐｰﾐｴﾑ巾ｲﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｸﾑﾑﾑ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽ (I 竕 I1 + I2) ﾐ斷ｰﾐｱﾐｻﾑ社ｴﾐｰﾑび ﾐｸﾐｽﾑひｵﾑﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾑﾐｸﾑ ﾐｼﾐｾﾐｶﾐｽﾐｾ ﾑひｾﾐｻﾑ糊ｺﾐｾ ﾐｿﾑﾐｸ ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｻﾐｾﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｸ ﾐｺﾐｾﾐｳﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾑひｽﾑ錦 ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽ. ﾐ墟ｾﾐｳﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾑひｽﾑ巾ｼﾐｸ ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｷﾑ巾ｲﾐｰﾑ紗びﾑ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽﾑ, ﾑﾐｰﾐｷﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾑび ﾑﾐｰﾐｷ (ﾏ2 窶 ﾏ1) ﾐｺﾐｾﾑひｾﾑﾑ錦 ﾐｲ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｵ ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｻﾐｾﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｽﾐｵ ﾐｼﾐｵﾐｽﾑ紹ｵﾑびﾑ ﾑ ﾑひｵﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵﾐｼ ﾐｲﾑﾐｵﾐｼﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸ. 2ﾏ ﾐｾﾐｿﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｰﾑ ﾑﾐｰﾐｷﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾑび ﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｰ rﾐｾﾐｿﾑ + ﾏ0 . ﾐ頒ｻﾑ ﾐｺﾐｾﾐｳﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾑひｽﾑ錦 ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽ: ﾏ 竏 ﾏ = 2ﾏ 竏 ﾐ､ﾐｰﾐｷﾐｰ ﾐｳﾐｰﾑﾐｼﾐｾﾐｽﾐｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ (ﾐｼﾐｾﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾑﾐｾﾐｼﾐｰﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ) ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽﾑ: ﾏ = ﾏ液 竏 2 1 ﾐｾﾐｿﾑ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽ ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｸﾑﾑひｾﾑﾐｽﾐｸﾐｺﾐｰ ﾐｴﾐｾ ﾎｻ ﾐｲﾐｰﾐｺ ﾎｻ ﾐｲﾐｰﾐｺ ﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾏ02 = ﾏ01 ﾐｧﾑひｾﾐｱﾑ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽﾑ ﾐｱﾑ巾ｻﾐｸ ﾐｺﾐｾﾐｳﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾑひｽﾑ, ﾐｽﾐｵﾐｾﾐｱﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｸﾐｼﾐｾ: ﾏ1 = ﾏ2 r - ﾐｾﾐｿﾑひｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｰﾑ ﾐｴﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｰ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｸ ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｻﾐｾﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｾﾐｿﾑ r2 ﾐ頒ｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｰ ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｺﾐｻﾐｰﾐｴﾑ巾ｲﾐｰﾑ紗禍ｸﾑﾑﾑ M 竏ﾐｾﾐｿﾑ = r1ﾐｾﾐｿﾑ 窶 r2ﾐｾﾐｿﾑ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｰ ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｻﾐｾﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽ ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｿﾑτひｸ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽﾑ ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｸﾑﾑひｾﾑﾐｽﾐｸﾐｺﾐｰ ﾐｴﾐｾ ﾑひｾﾑﾐｺﾐｸ S2 x ﾐｸﾑﾑひｾﾑﾐｽﾐｸﾐｺﾐｾﾐｲ S1 ﾐｸ S2 d ﾐｽﾐｰﾐｻﾐｾﾐｶﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽ: rﾐｾﾐｿﾑ = r1n1 + r2n2 + 窶ｦ ﾑﾐｲﾐｵﾑひｾﾐｲﾑ錦 ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽ ﾐｲ ﾐｲﾐｰﾐｺﾑτσｼﾐｵ m = 1, 2, 3, 窶ｦ ﾐ r1 ﾐ｣ﾑﾐｻﾐｾﾐｲﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｼﾐｸﾐｽﾐｸﾐｼﾑσｼﾐｰ: ﾐﾐｰﾐｷﾐｽﾐｾﾑﾑび ﾑﾐｾﾐｴﾐｰ ﾑ采ひｸﾑ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽ: 竏 = r1 窶 r2 = d站x/L ﾐ｣ﾑﾐｻﾐｾﾐｲﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｼﾐｰﾐｺﾑﾐｸﾐｼﾑσｼﾐｰ: ﾐｽﾐｾﾐｼﾐｵﾑ (ﾐｿﾐｾﾑﾑ紹ｴﾐｾﾐｺ) S1 ﾐｨﾐｸﾑﾐｸﾐｽﾐｰ ﾐｸﾐｽﾑひｵﾑﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾑﾐｸﾐｾﾐｽﾐｽﾐｾﾐｹ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｻﾐｾﾑﾑ: h = ﾎｻ站L/d ﾎｻ ﾐｲﾐｰﾐｺ ﾐｸﾐｽﾑひｵﾑﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾑﾐｸﾐｾﾐｽL 竏ﾐｾﾐｿﾑ = m站ﾎｻﾐｲﾐｰﾐｺ 竏ﾐｾﾐｿﾑ = 站(2m 窶 1) ﾐｽﾐｾﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｼﾐｸﾐｽﾐｸﾐｼﾑσｼﾐｰ (ﾑﾐｰﾑﾑﾑひｾﾑ紹ｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｼﾐｵﾐｶﾐｴﾑ ﾑﾐｾﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｽﾐｸﾐｼﾐｸ ﾐｼﾐｰﾐｺﾑﾐｸﾐｼﾑσｼﾐｰﾐｼﾐｸ) 2 m = 0, 1, 2, 3, 窶ｦﾐｵﾑﾐｻﾐｸ ﾏ02 = ﾏ01 8. ﾐ頒ｸﾑﾑﾐｰﾐｺﾑﾐｸﾑ 窶 ﾐｾﾑひｺﾐｻﾐｾﾐｽﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｵ ﾐｾﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾑ紹ｼﾐｾﾐｻﾐｸﾐｽﾐｵﾐｹﾐｽﾐｾﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｽﾐｾﾐｼﾐｵﾑ (ﾐｿﾐｾﾑﾑ紹ｴﾐｾﾐｺ) ﾐｸﾐｽﾑひｵﾑﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾑﾐｸﾐｾﾐｽﾐｽﾐｾﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｼﾐｰﾐｺﾑﾐｸﾐｼﾑσｼﾐｰ d站sin ﾎｱk = k站ﾎｻ ﾑﾐｰﾑﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾑﾑびﾐｰﾐｽﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｻﾐｽ ﾐｿﾑﾐｸ ﾐｾﾐｳﾐｸﾐｱﾐｰﾐｽﾐｸﾐｸ ﾐｿﾑﾐｵﾐｿﾑ肖びﾑひｲﾐｸﾐｹ (ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾑﾐｾﾐｶﾐｴﾐｵﾐｽﾐｸﾐｸ ﾐｼﾐｰﾐｺﾑﾐｸﾐｼﾑσｼﾑ ﾐｻﾐｰﾐｷﾐｵﾑ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｸﾐｾﾐｴ ﾑﾐｵﾑ威ｵﾑひｺﾐｸ ﾐｾﾑひｲﾐｵﾑﾑﾑひｸﾐｹ). ﾐ ﾑﾐｵﾐｷﾑσｻﾑ袴ひｰﾑひｵ ﾐｴﾐｸﾑﾑﾐｰﾐｺﾑﾐｸﾐｸ ﾑﾐｲﾐｵﾑひｰ ﾐｲﾐｾﾐｷﾐｽﾐｸﾐｺﾐｰﾐｵﾑ ﾐｺﾐｰﾑﾑひｸﾐｽﾐｰ ﾐｿﾐｵﾑﾐｲﾐｾﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｿﾐｾﾑﾑ紹ｴﾐｺﾐｰ (k = 1) ﾎｱ2 ﾎｱ1 ﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾐｾﾐｲﾐｰﾐｽﾐｸﾑ ﾑﾐｲﾐｵﾑひｻﾑ錦 ﾐｸ ﾑひｵﾐｼﾐｽﾑ錦 ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｻﾐｾﾑ, ﾐｿﾑﾐｸﾑﾐｵﾐｼ ﾑﾐｲﾐｵﾑ ﾐｼﾐｾﾐｶﾐｵﾑ ﾑﾐｵﾐｽﾑびﾐｰﾐｻﾑ糊ｽﾑ巾ｹ ﾐｼﾐｰﾐｺﾑﾐｸﾐｼﾑσｼ (k = 0) d = (10-3/N) ﾐｼ ﾎｱ2 ﾎｱ1 ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｿﾐｰﾑﾑび ﾐｲ ﾐｷﾐｾﾐｽﾑ ﾐｳﾐｵﾐｾﾐｼﾐｵﾑびﾐｸﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｺﾐｾﾐｹ ﾑひｵﾐｽﾐｸ. ﾐ頒ｸﾑﾑﾐｰﾐｺﾑﾐｸﾐｾﾐｽﾐｽﾐｰﾑ ﾑﾐｵﾑ威ｵﾑひｺﾐｰ 竏 ﾐｼﾐｰﾐｺﾑﾐｸﾐｼﾑσｼﾑ ﾑﾐｸﾑﾐｻﾐｾ ﾑ尉びﾐｸﾑﾐｾﾐｲ ﾐｲﾑひｾﾑﾐｾﾐｳﾐｾ ﾐｿﾐｾﾑﾑ紹ｴﾐｺﾐｰ (k = 2) ﾐｿﾐｻﾐｰﾑﾑひｸﾐｽﾐｺﾐｰ ﾑ ﾑﾐｵﾑﾐｵﾐｴﾑτ紗禍ｸﾐｼﾐｸﾑﾑ ﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾐｷﾑﾐｰﾑﾐｽﾑ巾ｼﾐｸ ﾐｸ ﾐｽﾐｵﾐｿﾑﾐｾﾐｷﾑﾐｰﾑﾐｽﾑ巾ｼﾐｸ ﾐｿﾐｾﾐｻﾐｾﾑﾐｺﾐｰﾐｼﾐｸ (竏ｼ 102 ﾐｽﾐｰ 1 ﾐｼﾐｼ) ﾐｽﾐｰ 1 ﾐｼﾐｼ