Oracle
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SQL is a standard language for communicating with relational database management systems like Oracle, Sybase, and Microsoft SQL Server. SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE are used to query and manipulate data in databases. SQL also includes languages for defining schema (DDL), manipulating data (DML), controlling access (DCL), and managing transactions (TCL). Databases are useful for storing related data like student records, employee records, financial records, and more across many application areas.
Oracle
- 2. SQL or SEQUEL both are same.SQL is a short form SEQUEL and it is pronounced as ess-que-el. SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL is used to communicate with a database.SQL is the standard language for Relational Database Management System. SSMV,BHILAI February 22, 2012 2
- 3. Some relational database management system that usages SQL i.e. ORACLE , SYBASE , MICROSOFT SQL SERVER , ACCESS , INGRES etc. SQL commands such as SELECT, INSERT, CREATE, ALTER, UPDATE & DROP can be used to accomplish almost everything that one needs to do with a database. SSMV,BHILAI February 22, 2012 3
- 4. DDL(Data Definition Language) :- It is used to create , sets up , changes existing rows & remove unwanted rows from columns collectively. DDL Command :- CREATE,ALTER,DROP, RENAME,TRUNCATE . DML(Data Manipulation Language) :- Enter a new row , existing changes in existing row and remove unwanted rows from the table collectively known as DML commands DML Commands :- INSERT,UPDATE, DELETE. SSMV,BHILAI February 22, 2012 4
- 5. DCL(Data Control Language) :- To give and remove access rights to oracle database and structure with in it collectively known as DCL. DCL Commands :- GRANT,REVOKE. TCL(Transaction Control Language) :- It manages changes made grouped together into logical transaction positions of data can be ROLLBACK to particular SAVEPOINT. TCL Commands :- COMMIT,ROLLBACK,SAVEPOINT. SSMV,BHILAI February 22, 2012 5
- 6. DQL(Data Query Language) :- It is used to retrieve data from database on the basis of query written using DQL command. DQL Command :- SELECT. SSMV,BHILAI February 22, 2012 6
- 7. ORACLE 8i ORACLE 9i ORACLE 10g ORACLE 11g SSMV,BHILAI February 22, 2012 7
- 8. Definition :- A database is collection of related data. Records can be represented in form of tables. Exp :- Student fee record, employee record etc. DataBase Management System :- It is a collection of s/w that facilitates the process of defining , constructing , manipulating & sharing database among various users. SSMV,BHILAI February 22, 2012 8
- 9. To control redundancy. To restrict unauthorized access. To provide multiple user interface. To representing complex relationship among data. To permits inference and action using rules. To provide backup and recovery. SSMV,BHILAI February 22, 2012 9
- 10. Banking Human Airlines Resources Manufact Universitie uring s APPLICATION AREAS Credit card Sales transactio ns Tele- Finance communi cations SSMV,BHILAI February 22, 2012 10
- 11. BANKING :-For customer information , account , loans and banking transactions. AIRLINES :-For reservation and schedule information. Airlines were amount the first to use databases in geographically distribute. UNIVERSITIES :-For student information , course registration and grades. CREDIT CARD TRANSACTIONS :-For purchases on credit cards & generation of monthly statements. SSMV,BHILAI February 22, 2012 11
- 12. FINANCE :- For storing information about holdings , sales & purchases of financial instruments such as stocks and bonds. SALES :- For customer , product and purchase information. MANUFACTURING :- For management of supply chain & for tracking productions of items in factories , inventories of items in stores and orders for items. HUMAN RESOURCES :- For information about employees , salaries , payroll & benefits and for generation of pay checks. SSMV,BHILAI February 22, 2012 12
- 13. TELECOMMUNICATION:- For keeping records of calls made , generating monthly bills , maintaining balances or prepaid calling cards and storing information about the communication network. SSMV,BHILAI February 22, 2012 13
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Editor's Notes
- #2: FRONTIS PAGE OF THE PRSENTATION