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orchid cultivation.pptx

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This document provides information on different types of orchids including their growth patterns, varieties, and cultural requirements. It discusses terrestrial, lithophytic, and epiphytic orchids. The main varieties covered are Cattleya, Dendrobium, Oncidium, Phalaenopsis, Vanda, and Cymbidium. Cultural practices like temperature, light, potting media, and fertilizer requirements are explained. Methods of propagation including cuttings, divisions, and tissue culture are also summarized.

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orchid cultivation.pptx
INTRODUCTION Family- Orchidaceae Orchids are monocots They exhibit a wide range of diversity in form, size, color and texture of flowers beyond the imagination of human mind orchids Cut flower Pot plants
Growth habitat Terrestrial orchids Lithophytes Epiphytes There are three groups according to growth habitat Grown in soil Nearly all orchids grown in temperate zone Some tropical orchids Grown on rocks Prefer filtered light Modified aerial roots Eg- strap leaves vanda
There are two growth patterns of the stem 1. Sympodial 2. Monopodial 2. Monopodial Stem grows from a single bud Stem grows longer stem can reach several meters in produce aerial roots Do not have pseudo bulb Eg- Vanda, Phalaenopsis, Arachnis 1. Sympodial Apical bud grows horizontally Produce a series of adjacent shoots Have pseudo bulb Eg- dendrobium, cattleya, oncidium, cymbidium
Varieties of orchids 1. Cattleya 2. Dendrobium 3. Oncidium 4. Paphiopedilum 5. Phalaenopsis 6. Vanda 7. Cymbidium 8. Arachnis
01. Cattleya
Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 21-24 属c and night temperate not less than 15-18 属c Light 50% shade
02. Dendrobium There are three types of dendrobium I. Dendrobium Phalaenopsis II. Dendrobium cane III. Dendrobium intermediate
Dendrobium Phalaenopsis Dendrobium cane Dendrobium intermediate
Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 25-30 属C and night temperate not less than 15 属C Light Phalaenopsis type- 50% shade Cane type Full sun Intermediate type 50% shade
03. Oncidium
Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 25-30 属C Light 40- 50% shade
05. Phalaenopsis
Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 25-30 属C and night temperate not less than 13-15 属C Light 60% shade
06. Vanda There are three types of vanda I. Strap leaves vanda II. Terete leaves vanda III. Semi terete leaves vanda
Strap leaved vanda Semi terete leaves vanda Terete leaves vanda
Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 25- 30 属C Light Strap leaves type- 40-50% shade Terete leaves type Full sun Semi terete leaves type Full sun
07. Cymbidium
Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 21-24 属C Night temperature should be 10 属C for flowering
08. Arachnis Requirements light full sun
Propagation of orchids Cuttings Divisions Pseudo bulbs Aerial shorts seeds Tissue culture
How to propagate orchid - Cutting Orchid like Phalaenopsis, vanda and Dendrobium can be propagated by cutting. Cut ends should treated with fungicides to prevent rotting. Most of the sympodial orchids like catteleya, Dendrobium and cymbidium are propagated through this method.
How to propagate orchid - Divisions Common method used for sympodial orchids Over grown plants are separated in to parts with 3-4 pseudo bulbs foreach divisions Treat with fungicide before planting
How to propagate orchid Pseudo bulbs Leafless pseudo bulbs are separated and planted in a sand bed After 6 weeks produce roots and can be planted as a new plant
How to propagate orchid- off shoots and keikis Same monopodium orchids like Ascocenda, phalaennopis, keikis or off shoots emerge frequently on the main stem. Induction of keikis can also be induced through the use of cytokinins which force the dormant bud to develop into keikis.
How to propagate orchid- Aerial shoots Some old pseudo bulbs produced aerial suckers in sympodial plants They can be separated and planted
How to propagate orchid- seeds Seeds get artificial pollination Harvesting mature pods before spilt
How to propagate orchid- Tissue culture Tissue culture technique is highly successful to get virus free plants Production of exact copies of plants that produce particularly good flowers To quickly produce mature plants
Potting of orchids Growing media Broken bricks : charcoal 1:1 Granite chips : coir dust 3:1 Granite chips : leaf mold : coir dust 1:1:1 Coconut husk use in seedling stage Growing Pots Porous clay pots Plastic pots Net pots Slatted wooden basket/ crates
Porous clay pot Plastic pots Net pot Slatted wooden basket/ crates
Pot sizes Dendrobium seedlings height 2 inches Diameter 1-2 inches Phalaenopsis Height 10 cm Diameter 15 cm Cane type Height 12-15 cm Diameter 20-22 cm Vanda Strap leaf vanda Semi terete leaf vanda Terete leaf vanda Height 10 cm Diameter 15-17.5 cm Height 20cm Diameter 25 -30 cm
Oncidium Diameter 15 cm Cattleya Shallow clay pots & wooden crates
Cultural practices of orchids Shade Black nyloned netting 8 ft above plants Too high shade Dark green leaves, no flowers Too low shade yellowish leaves Good light light green leaves Orchid house Keep plants higher from ground Tables wire mesh, concrete beam Height of tables 4.5ft- 5ft Potted plant- arranged closed on tables to give high RH
Irrigation Once a day thoroughly Dry season twice a day Keep the surroundings constantly wet Avoid water stagnation near roots and between leaves Weed control Diuron - very low concentration Only on to weeds/ mosses
Fertilizer application Regular nutrient supply is necessary Only liquid fertilizer As a foliar applications or included with irrigation water
Harvesting 4-5 days after flower opening Harvesting stage dendrobium- 2/3 of inflorescence open and 1/3 unopen Vanda- with 2/3 unopened flowers Arachnis- all flowers open or with 1-2 cm open flower
Pests and diseases of orchid Pests Diseases Orchid yellow beetle Crown rot Shoot/stem borer Bacterial soft and brown rot Mites Bacterial brown spot Scales Root rot Mealy bugs Mosaic Virus Slugs and snails Cockroaches
Packing Pack in corrugated cardboard boxes Storage in 5-7 属C

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orchid cultivation.pptx

  • 2. INTRODUCTION Family- Orchidaceae Orchids are monocots They exhibit a wide range of diversity in form, size, color and texture of flowers beyond the imagination of human mind orchids Cut flower Pot plants
  • 3. Growth habitat Terrestrial orchids Lithophytes Epiphytes There are three groups according to growth habitat Grown in soil Nearly all orchids grown in temperate zone Some tropical orchids Grown on rocks Prefer filtered light Modified aerial roots Eg- strap leaves vanda
  • 4. There are two growth patterns of the stem 1. Sympodial 2. Monopodial 2. Monopodial Stem grows from a single bud Stem grows longer stem can reach several meters in produce aerial roots Do not have pseudo bulb Eg- Vanda, Phalaenopsis, Arachnis 1. Sympodial Apical bud grows horizontally Produce a series of adjacent shoots Have pseudo bulb Eg- dendrobium, cattleya, oncidium, cymbidium
  • 5. Varieties of orchids 1. Cattleya 2. Dendrobium 3. Oncidium 4. Paphiopedilum 5. Phalaenopsis 6. Vanda 7. Cymbidium 8. Arachnis
  • 7. Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 21-24 属c and night temperate not less than 15-18 属c Light 50% shade
  • 8. 02. Dendrobium There are three types of dendrobium I. Dendrobium Phalaenopsis II. Dendrobium cane III. Dendrobium intermediate
  • 10. Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 25-30 属C and night temperate not less than 15 属C Light Phalaenopsis type- 50% shade Cane type Full sun Intermediate type 50% shade
  • 12. Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 25-30 属C Light 40- 50% shade
  • 14. Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 25-30 属C and night temperate not less than 13-15 属C Light 60% shade
  • 15. 06. Vanda There are three types of vanda I. Strap leaves vanda II. Terete leaves vanda III. Semi terete leaves vanda
  • 16. Strap leaved vanda Semi terete leaves vanda Terete leaves vanda
  • 17. Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 25- 30 属C Light Strap leaves type- 40-50% shade Terete leaves type Full sun Semi terete leaves type Full sun
  • 19. Requirements Temperature Day temperature is 21-24 属C Night temperature should be 10 属C for flowering
  • 21. Propagation of orchids Cuttings Divisions Pseudo bulbs Aerial shorts seeds Tissue culture
  • 22. How to propagate orchid - Cutting Orchid like Phalaenopsis, vanda and Dendrobium can be propagated by cutting. Cut ends should treated with fungicides to prevent rotting. Most of the sympodial orchids like catteleya, Dendrobium and cymbidium are propagated through this method.
  • 23. How to propagate orchid - Divisions Common method used for sympodial orchids Over grown plants are separated in to parts with 3-4 pseudo bulbs foreach divisions Treat with fungicide before planting
  • 24. How to propagate orchid Pseudo bulbs Leafless pseudo bulbs are separated and planted in a sand bed After 6 weeks produce roots and can be planted as a new plant
  • 25. How to propagate orchid- off shoots and keikis Same monopodium orchids like Ascocenda, phalaennopis, keikis or off shoots emerge frequently on the main stem. Induction of keikis can also be induced through the use of cytokinins which force the dormant bud to develop into keikis.
  • 26. How to propagate orchid- Aerial shoots Some old pseudo bulbs produced aerial suckers in sympodial plants They can be separated and planted
  • 27. How to propagate orchid- seeds Seeds get artificial pollination Harvesting mature pods before spilt
  • 28. How to propagate orchid- Tissue culture Tissue culture technique is highly successful to get virus free plants Production of exact copies of plants that produce particularly good flowers To quickly produce mature plants
  • 29. Potting of orchids Growing media Broken bricks : charcoal 1:1 Granite chips : coir dust 3:1 Granite chips : leaf mold : coir dust 1:1:1 Coconut husk use in seedling stage Growing Pots Porous clay pots Plastic pots Net pots Slatted wooden basket/ crates
  • 30. Porous clay pot Plastic pots Net pot Slatted wooden basket/ crates
  • 31. Pot sizes Dendrobium seedlings height 2 inches Diameter 1-2 inches Phalaenopsis Height 10 cm Diameter 15 cm Cane type Height 12-15 cm Diameter 20-22 cm Vanda Strap leaf vanda Semi terete leaf vanda Terete leaf vanda Height 10 cm Diameter 15-17.5 cm Height 20cm Diameter 25 -30 cm
  • 32. Oncidium Diameter 15 cm Cattleya Shallow clay pots & wooden crates
  • 33. Cultural practices of orchids Shade Black nyloned netting 8 ft above plants Too high shade Dark green leaves, no flowers Too low shade yellowish leaves Good light light green leaves Orchid house Keep plants higher from ground Tables wire mesh, concrete beam Height of tables 4.5ft- 5ft Potted plant- arranged closed on tables to give high RH
  • 34. Irrigation Once a day thoroughly Dry season twice a day Keep the surroundings constantly wet Avoid water stagnation near roots and between leaves Weed control Diuron - very low concentration Only on to weeds/ mosses
  • 35. Fertilizer application Regular nutrient supply is necessary Only liquid fertilizer As a foliar applications or included with irrigation water
  • 36. Harvesting 4-5 days after flower opening Harvesting stage dendrobium- 2/3 of inflorescence open and 1/3 unopen Vanda- with 2/3 unopened flowers Arachnis- all flowers open or with 1-2 cm open flower
  • 37. Pests and diseases of orchid Pests Diseases Orchid yellow beetle Crown rot Shoot/stem borer Bacterial soft and brown rot Mites Bacterial brown spot Scales Root rot Mealy bugs Mosaic Virus Slugs and snails Cockroaches
  • 38. Packing Pack in corrugated cardboard boxes Storage in 5-7 属C