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Osteology introduction

Abdullah Akbar
Abdullah Akbar

This document summarizes the study of osteology, which deals with bones and cartilages. It discusses the composition, functions, surface features, and various methods of classifying bones. Some key classifications mentioned are based on development (membranous, cartilaginous, membranocartilaginous), evolution (exoskeleton, endoskeleton), region (axial, appendicular), and structure (compact, spongy). Different bone shapes are also classified, including long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.

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OSTEOLOGY Study which deals with the bones & cartilages Sclerous tissue Hard Composed of ORGANIC & INORGANIC material Studied by either MACERATION DECALCIFICATION
FUNCTIONS SHAPE & SUPPORT LEVERS FOR LOCOMOTION STORAGE & METABOLISM OF Calcium PROTECTIVE BARRIER ASSIST TO PERFORM VITAL FUNCTION HEMATOPOETIC PNEUMATIC BONES
SURFACE FEATURES Elevations, depressions, grooves, ridges Genetic Metabolic Mechanical factors determine these features
ARTICULAR SURFACE Head Facet Condyle Trochlea Fossa
NON ARTICULAR Depressions SULCUS NOTCH HIATUS FOVEA Elevations SPINE PROCESS RAMUS HORN/CORNU/HAMULUS TUBEROSITY/TUBERCLE/TROCHANTER CREST/RIDGE/LINE
CLASSIFICATION A- Depending upon DEVELOPMENT i: Membranous: ii: Cartilagenous iii: Membranocartilagenous
Osteology introduction
B- Based upon EVOLUTION I: EXOSKELETON: II: ENDOSKELETON: C: REGIONAL I: Axial a; Somatic b; Visceral General visceral Branchial visceral II: Appendicular
D- STRUCTURAL I: COMPACT II: SPONGY
E- Based upon SHAPE & SIZE I: LONG BONES Diaphysis (dia-apart, physis-growth) Metaphysis Epiphysis Medullary cavity Periosteum Endosteum
ii: MINIATURE LONG BONES iii: SHORT BONES iv: FLAT BONES (diploe & Tables) V: IRREGULAR BONES
F- MISCELLANEOUS i: SESAMOID: Seed like Develop within sharp angled tendons Reduce friction Modify pressure & alter line of pull
ii: PNEUMATIC BONES Contain air sinuses Lined by epithelial membranes filled with air Lighten skull Resonance of voice Filtration & temperature regulaiton of air iii: SUPERPNEUMERARY BONES Extra May be with axial Or appendicular skeleton
Iv: WORMIAN BONES V: HETEROTOPIC BONES

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Osteology introduction

  • 1. OSTEOLOGY Study which deals with the bones & cartilages Sclerous tissue Hard Composed of ORGANIC & INORGANIC material Studied by either MACERATION DECALCIFICATION
  • 2. FUNCTIONS SHAPE & SUPPORT LEVERS FOR LOCOMOTION STORAGE & METABOLISM OF Calcium PROTECTIVE BARRIER ASSIST TO PERFORM VITAL FUNCTION HEMATOPOETIC PNEUMATIC BONES
  • 3. SURFACE FEATURES Elevations, depressions, grooves, ridges Genetic Metabolic Mechanical factors determine these features
  • 4. ARTICULAR SURFACE Head Facet Condyle Trochlea Fossa
  • 5. NON ARTICULAR Depressions SULCUS NOTCH HIATUS FOVEA Elevations SPINE PROCESS RAMUS HORN/CORNU/HAMULUS TUBEROSITY/TUBERCLE/TROCHANTER CREST/RIDGE/LINE
  • 6. CLASSIFICATION A- Depending upon DEVELOPMENT i: Membranous: ii: Cartilagenous iii: Membranocartilagenous
  • 8. B- Based upon EVOLUTION I: EXOSKELETON: II: ENDOSKELETON: C: REGIONAL I: Axial a; Somatic b; Visceral General visceral Branchial visceral II: Appendicular
  • 9. D- STRUCTURAL I: COMPACT II: SPONGY
  • 10. E- Based upon SHAPE & SIZE I: LONG BONES Diaphysis (dia-apart, physis-growth) Metaphysis Epiphysis Medullary cavity Periosteum Endosteum
  • 11. ii: MINIATURE LONG BONES iii: SHORT BONES iv: FLAT BONES (diploe & Tables) V: IRREGULAR BONES
  • 12. F- MISCELLANEOUS i: SESAMOID: Seed like Develop within sharp angled tendons Reduce friction Modify pressure & alter line of pull
  • 13. ii: PNEUMATIC BONES Contain air sinuses Lined by epithelial membranes filled with air Lighten skull Resonance of voice Filtration & temperature regulaiton of air iii: SUPERPNEUMERARY BONES Extra May be with axial Or appendicular skeleton
  • 14. Iv: WORMIAN BONES V: HETEROTOPIC BONES