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Oxytocic agents are substances that stimulate uterine contractions to induce labor. The document discusses ergot, a fungus used for this purpose, detailing its life cycle that includes overwintering, sexual, and asexual stages, during which it disperses its spores. Therapeutically, ergotamine derived from ergot is utilized for treating migraines and assisting with labor and postpartum hemorrhage.

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OXYTOCIC
Presented by- Archana Chavhan
KYDSCT's Sakegaon College of
Pharmacy, Bhusawal

Oxytocic
•Oxytocic agents are
that stimulate
uterine contraction
and are used to
induce labor.

Ergot
Synonyms: Ergot; Rye Ergot;
Biological Source: Ergot is the dried
sclerotium of a fungus, Claviceps
purpurea Tulasne, belonging to family
Clavicipitaceae,
Chemical constituents:

•Ergot life cycle
The life cycle of the ergot
consists of following
stages,
1. Over wintering stage
2. sexual stage
3. Asexual stage

1. Overwintering
stage
• The sclerotia are produced in late
summer. these sclerotia germinate in the
spring to produce purple coloured stalks
which on further growth form flattened
spherical cavities known as perithecia.
• Each perithecium contain several asci.
Each ascus contains eight threads like
ascopores.
• Ascopores come out & get dispersed by air
& become entagled with the stigma of host
& produce mycelia which penetrate
through ovary.

2. sexual
stage
• The mycelia give rise to conidia,
produced from the surface of ovary.
Honey –dew attracts insects, along with
it conidia are carried from one place
to another by insects & is known as
honey –dew stage.
• Hyphae penetrate deeply into the ovary
& develop into mass covering entire
ovary which results in formation of
elongated sclerotium

3. Asexual
stage
• If Ergot is not collected, it falls on
the ground.
• In the next spring session they
produce stalked projections known
as stromata which have globular
heads.
• In the inner surface of the heads
there are many flask-shaped pockets
known as perithecia. Each of these
perithecia contains many sacs (asci)
which possesses eight of the thread-
like ascospores.
• These ascospores are carried out by
insects or wind to the flowers of the
rye as described in the first stage.

Therapeutic uses
Ergotamine is used in
treatment of migraine
Used as oxytocic to
stimulate the uterine
contraction which
assists delivery in
labor
It reduces post-
partum haemorrhage

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PHARMACOLOGY: Pharmacology is the study of substances (drugs) that are safe and effective to prevent ,treat , and diagnose disease . A midwife in the modern era is a person who provide care to the mother throughout the period of pregnancy , labor and puerperium . Therefore ,she should have thorough knowledge regarding the drugs which are used for the mother and nurses responsibilities for each drugs. Oxytocics are the drugs of varying chemical nature that have the power to excite contractions of the uterine muscles .Among these , the following are the important ones and are commonly used in clinical practice : Oxytocin Ergot derivatives Prostaglandins Synthetic oxytocin Widely used drug It has got oxytocin effect and no vasopressor effect Available in ampoule containing 5 IU / mL. effectiveness The effectiveness of oxytocin are as follows 1st trimester : uterus is almost refractory to oxytocin 2nd trimester :the relative refractoriness persists and oxytocin can only supplement other abortifacient agent in induction of abortion In later months and during labor : it is highly sensitive to oxytcin even in small doses Indications THERAPEUTIC Pregnancy ;Early indications: to accelerate abortion ( inevitable/ missed or expulsion of Hydatidiform mole ) - to stop bleeding following evacuation of the uterus -used as an adjunct to induction of abortion along with other abortifacient agent Late pregnancy :induction of labor -following expulsion of placenta To facilitate cervical openingLabor Augmentation of labor Uterine inertia In active management of 3rd stage ,it is used along with ergometrine during crowning of head Following expulsion of placenta as an alternative to ergometrine To prevent and treat post partum hemorrhage Puerperium to initiate milk let down in breast engorgement DIAGNOSTIC INDICATIONS Oxytocin challenge test ( OCT ) or Contraction stress test ( CST)Oxytocin sensitivity test (OST)Routes of administrationControlled intravenous infusion-10 units of oxytocin in 1 litre of Ringer Lactate or 5% dextrose in water.Bolus IV or IM IntravenousBuccal tablets or nasal spray –limited use o trial basis.Late months of pregnancy ,Grand multipara,Contracted pelvis,Previous history of cesarean section or hysterotomy ,Malpresentation . During labor All the contraindications mentioned in pregnancy ,Obstructed labor ,Incoordinate uterine contraction 3. Any time Hypovolemic shock ,Cardiac disease. DANGERS MATERNAL FETAL Uterine rupture 1.Asphyxia Hypotension 2. fetal death Antidiuresis 3.icreased incidence of neonatal jaundice Pituitary shock .Ergot derivatives;It is water souluble alkaloid of ergot (fungus) growing on grass.it is synthesised from lysergic acid. Prostaglandins (pgs)Derivatives of of prostanoic acid . They have the property of action as local hormone.

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oxytocic.pptx

1. OXYTOCIC Presented by- Archana Chavhan KYDSCT's Sakegaon College of Pharmacy, Bhusawal

2. Oxytocic •Oxytocic agents are that stimulate uterine contraction and are used to induce labor.

3. Ergot Synonyms: Ergot; Rye Ergot; Biological Source: Ergot is the dried sclerotium of a fungus, Claviceps purpurea Tulasne, belonging to family Clavicipitaceae, Chemical constituents:

4. •Ergot life cycle The life cycle of the ergot consists of following stages, 1. Over wintering stage 2. sexual stage 3. Asexual stage

6. 1. Overwintering stage • The sclerotia are produced in late summer. these sclerotia germinate in the spring to produce purple coloured stalks which on further growth form flattened spherical cavities known as perithecia. • Each perithecium contain several asci. Each ascus contains eight threads like ascopores. • Ascopores come out & get dispersed by air & become entagled with the stigma of host & produce mycelia which penetrate through ovary.

7. 2. sexual stage • The mycelia give rise to conidia, produced from the surface of ovary. Honey –dew attracts insects, along with it conidia are carried from one place to another by insects & is known as honey –dew stage. • Hyphae penetrate deeply into the ovary & develop into mass covering entire ovary which results in formation of elongated sclerotium

8. 3. Asexual stage • If Ergot is not collected, it falls on the ground. • In the next spring session they produce stalked projections known as stromata which have globular heads. • In the inner surface of the heads there are many flask-shaped pockets known as perithecia. Each of these perithecia contains many sacs (asci) which possesses eight of the thread- like ascospores. • These ascospores are carried out by insects or wind to the flowers of the rye as described in the first stage.

9. Therapeutic uses Ergotamine is used in treatment of migraine Used as oxytocic to stimulate the uterine contraction which assists delivery in labor It reduces postpartum haemorrhage

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oxytocic.pptx

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