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Domantas Stukas
Domantas Stukas

This document discusses strategies for socially vulnerable areas in Valencia, Spain affected by unequal distribution of benefits from large urban projects (LUPs). It aims to identify spatial interventions to improve the situation. Specifically, it will analyze socio-economic and spatial conditions in vulnerable areas, evaluate the impacts and outcomes of past and planned LUPs, and identify how LUPs can be made more beneficial to local communities through spatial planning and policy changes. The research will use theories of equal distribution of public gains and vulnerability to develop a preliminary intervention area and recommendations.

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URBAN DEMOCRACY tuka.sl ntas S lft n Strategy for socially vulnerable areas, affected by omas@student.tude6267 D ka 11 d.stu 4 ture unequal distribution of public gains. TU De ulty of Archite ies lft Fac Complex C 2 it nism, ry 201 c Urba Janua The case of Valencia, Spain MS 24
2
Problem statement Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects. Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist urban projects. Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability. 3
ReseaRch questions What are the strategic spatial interventions necessary to deal with the problems of socially vulnerable areas in Valencia? What are the existing possibilities of spatial planning to improve the benefits of LUPs for local communities in Valencia? sub-ReseaRch questions What are the existing socio-economic and spatial conditions in specific areas of Valencia? What is vulnerability? What indicators define it? How can social vulnerability be alleviated by spatial planning? What is the current strategy of Valencia’s city to cope with social of vulnerability? What are the effects of existing LUPs in Valencia and what are predictable outcomes of the future ones? How successful are the LUPs in Valencia? How to evaluate it objectively? What conditions make LUPs be more beneficial for local communities? 4
stRuctuRe of pResentation DescRiption of context DECENTRALIZATION OF PLANNING 6 LAND USE LAW 7 STRATEGIC PLANNING OF VALENCIA 9 LARGE URBAN PROJECTS 10 aims of the pRoject 11 theoRetical fRamewoRk 12 EQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC GAINS 13 VULNERABILITY 15 analysis 20 FINDINGS 28 PRELIMINARY INTERVENTION AREA 29 methoDology 32 EXPECTED DELIVERABLES 34 conclusion 35 SOURCES OF IMAGES 37 5
DecentRalization 100% 9.7 12.2 12.8 13.3 13.8 13.6 13 100% 9.7 ReDistRibution of funDing 12.2 12.8 13.3 13.8 13.6 13 3 3 of planning 12.2 14.6 20.5 23.2 26.9 33 Local 12.2 14.6 20.5 23.2 26.9 33 87.3 Regional 87.3 75.6 72.6 75.6 72.6 66.2 63 59.5 Central 66.2 63 59.5 54 54 0% 0% 1981 1984 1987 1990 1992 1997 2001 1981 1984 1987 1990 1992 1997 2001 uRban planning moDel NATIONAL REGIONAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT GENERAL AND MUNICIPAL PLANS DEVELOPMENT PLANS NOT DEVELOPABLE Plan (GDP—Plan General General Development LAND Regional Strategic Special Plans de Ordenación) (SP—Planes Framework Urban Land Delimitation Especiales) DEVELOPED Projects (ULDP- LAND Proyectos de Delimi- tación de Suelo Urbano) Urban Development Action Programmes DEVELOPABLE (UDAP—Programas de Actuación Urbanística) LAND Partial Plans (PP—Planes Parciales) Subsidiary Planning Codes Detail Studies (DT—Estudios de Detalle) (SPC—Normas Subsidiarias de Planeamiento) 6
changes in lanD classification 100% l lanD lanD use law l Non-Developable Land Developable Land Urbanized Land 0 1966 1983 1988 2010 lRau `94 lanD use plan 2007 Ley Reguladora de la numbeR of new Actividad Urbanistica Developments 250 242 221 200 165 150 100 59 37 40 35 42 50 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 7
changes in lanD classification 100% l lanD lanD use law l Non-Developable Land Developable Land Urbanized Land lRau `94 0 1966 1983 1988 2010 Ley Reguladora de la numbeR of new Actividad Urbanistica lanD use plan 2007 Developments 250 242 221 200 165 150 100 59 37 40 35 42 50 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 8
stRategic planning of valencia ategic v 1995 1998 2002 2007 Start the process of change! City of congresses High-Speed and meetings Train America’s Better Regional cup sailing connection Culture and mega-event Culture, high-tech Tourism and knowledge Open city to the Global oriented Sea Identity 9
tuRia gaRDen 1 1988 Green Backbone l ge laRge u laRge uRban Sports & Activities Locals Oriented pRojects ojects centRal paRk 2 20?? Quality of Life Leisure & Activities 1 Citizen oriented city of aRts anD science 3 5 1998-2011 Global Identity Educative Extremely Expensive Limited Use Expensive Maintenance 2 f1 city ciRcuit 4 2008 3 4 Urban Regeneration (abandoned industry) Global Event Maintenance cost High Class Oriented ameRica’s cup poRt 5 2007 Urban Regeneration (beach) Global Event Revenue generative Luxury tourism oriented 10
aims of the pRoject 1 Improve the conditions of socia lly vulnerable ar eas in Valencia 2 Enh ance positive outcom es of existing an d future LUPs to loca l communities 11
theoRetical fRamewoRk 12
equal I am greedy! DistRibution of public gains EQUITY - the quality of being fair and impartial. INTEGRITY - adherence to moral and ethical principles. Oxford Dictionary 13
local ResiDent public authoRity oRienteD opeRations capabilities Regulation llicitudin nisl non mi tempor aliquet. Proin lacinia, sem quis volutpat tempus, odio urna aliquet risus, eget fermentum orci purus sit amet quam. Vivamus non orci ut mi volutpat malesuada. Nam semper pellentesque aliquam. Duis interdum, lacus ut iaculis consectetur, ipsum ligula ultricies mauris, a ultrices sem ligula sed ipsum. Quisque sem justo, euismod nec lobortis suscipit, porttitor vel turpis. Integer eu mattis justo. Donec felis mauris, sagittis eu Regulation iaculis in, porttitor vel justo. Fusce vitae arcu non sapien dignissim varius. Morbi non lorem justo. Proin id arcu a nibh fermentum facilisis eu sit amet metus. Donec varius aliquet est sed pulvinar. Etiam vitae mauris quam. Quisque eget purus nisl, sit amet iaculis neque. Nunc quis interdum tortor. Duis id ligula nec dolor convallis llicitudin nisl non mi tempor aliquet. Proin lacinia, sem quis hendrerit quis sit amet arcu. Cras semper posuere ante. Aenean id volutpat tempus, odio urna aliquet risus, eget fermentum orci nunc eget velit pellentesque congue. Nullam ut faucibus velit. purus sit amet quam. Vivamus non orci ut mi volutpat malesuada. Nunc risus erat, feugiat nec euismod eget, bibendum sit amet Nam semper pellentesque aliquam. Duis interdum, lacus ut iaculis diam. Donec a pulvinar enim. consectetur, ipsum ligula ultricies mauris, a ultrices sem ligula sed ipsum. Quisque sem justo, euismod nec lobortis suscipit, porttitor vel turpis. Integer eu mattis justo. Donec felis mauris, sagittis eu Praesent ac ante ante. Donec molestie tincidunt massa vitae iaculis in, porttitor vel justo. Fusce vitae arcu non sapien dignissim tincidunt. Mauris mi nibh, condimentum id varius non, ultricies eu varius. Morbi non lorem justo. Proin id arcu a nibh fermentum enim. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Cum sociis natoque facilisis eu sit amet metus. Donec varius aliquet est sed pulvinar. penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus Etiam vitae mauris quam. Quisque eget purus nisl, sit amet iaculis mus. Integer scelerisque pharetra felis at fringilla. Proin ut arcu at neque. sem mattis eleifend. Nulla felis neque, pharetra pellentesque tempus imperdiet, porttitor non massa. Vestibulum volutpat Nunc quis interdum tortor. Duis id ligula nec dolor convallis vestibulum lacinia. Vestibulum adipiscing lobortis leo, sit amet hendrerit quis sit amet arcu. Cras semper posuere ante. Aenean id aliquam nisi rhoncus sed. Ut ipsum orci, iaculis quis aliquam ac, nunc eget velit pellentesque congue. Nullam ut faucibus velit. luctus non ipsum. Nullam nisl sem, blandit et pharetra pharetra, Nunc risus erat, feugiat nec euismod eget, bibendum sit amet lacinia sit amet ante. Aenean ac lacus ac libero tempor tincidunt diam. Donec a pulvinar enim. quis at nisi. Pellentesque et quam ut massa mattis porta in at Praesent ac ante ante. Donec molestie tincidunt massa vitae tincidunt. Mauris mi nibh, condimentum id varius non, ultricies eu enim. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Integer scelerisque pharetra felis at fringilla. Proin ut arcu at sem mattis eleifend. Nulla felis neque, pharetra pellentesque tempus imperdiet, porttitor non massa. Vestibulum volutpat vestibulum lacinia. Vestibulum adipiscing lobortis leo, sit amet aliquam nisi rhoncus sed. Ut ipsum orci, iaculis quis aliquam ac, luctus non ipsum. Nullam nisl sem, blandit et pharetra pharetra, lacinia sit amet ante. Aenean ac lacus ac libero tempor tincidunt quis at nisi. Pellentesque et quam ut massa mattis porta in at Authority regulated prevention of Public Space and Architectural Quality urban conflicts Social Mix (diverse affordability housing) Impartial supervisory institution mpartial Project flexibility and reversibility due to Solid inclusion of local several developer involvement participation Creating tools to prevent authority’s Transparency of authority decission favour for private interests processes and identification of ‘the Locally painless project funding person in charge’ of the project approach Altshuler & Luberoff 2003, Cuenya 2005, Gualini & Majoor 2007, Harvey 2008, Lecroart 2007, Sodupe 2007, Swyngedouw et al 2002 14
VULNERABILITY ‘Vulnerable - exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally’ Oxford Dictionary ‘In essence, the vulnerability can be defined as a state of high exposure to certain risks and uncertainties, combined with a decreased ability to protect or defend them and deal with its negative consequences’ United Nations 2003 15
VULNERABILITY $$ ! $ #$#! ! €€ € # !# € socio-DemogRaphic socio-economic housing vulneRability subjective vulneRability vulneRability vulneRability Percentage of housing of less than Percentage of inhabitants 30m² complaining for noise pollution Percentage of single >64 year Unemployment rate old inhabitants Average household area in m² per Percentage of inhabitants Unemployment rate of youth inhabitant complaining for air polluted Rate of elderly dependency to 16-29 years Percentage of households without environment the rest of population Percentage of unqualified a bathroom and toilet in the house Percentage of inhabitants considering Percentage of immigrant to local workers Bad quality of house to have bad infrastructure children (0-15 years) Level of education (illiteracy, connectivity Percentage of immigrants to no education) Percentage of houses constructed earlier than 1951 Access to the green space per total inhabitants inhabitant Number of single parent families Percentage of inhabitants considering to be living in criminal areas 16
VULNERABILITY vulneRable aReas $ !$ 1991, 2001, 2006* € € € € # ## Unemployment - 2X bigger than national level(21% in 2001) Level of Education - Illiteracy and no education 2X bigger than national level (23% in 2001) State of living quality - Percentage of households without: running water (>2%) toilet (>3%) bathroom or shower (>5$) Immigration* - if more than city average (20% in 2006) *indicator in 2006 analysis 17
vulneRability 91-01 1991 INDICATORS 2001 Living quality Employment Education 0 1km 2km $ !$$ € € € # 18# # €
vulneRability 2006 $ !$$ € € € # 19# # €
analysis vulneRability 2010? $ #$ ! € € € € # # 20
immigRation Non-EU immigrant residents (%) >17% Rate 2010 0-5 5-9 9-13 13-17 17-21 >21 0 1km 2km 21
vulneRability by Rate of immigRation 22
concentRation of Number of companies economic activities <800 800-1600 1600-2500 2500-3300 >3300 0 1km 2km 23
elDeRly >64 Living alone >64 year old people living alone <500 500-1000 1000-1500 1500-2000 >2000 0 1km 2km 24
caR peR peRson Car / Person 0.3-0.4 0.4-0.5 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.8 0 1km 2km 25
householD pRices Percentage of houses per price category by majoRity Cheap Expensive <12-24k € <48-72k € Medium 24-48k € 0 1km 2km 26
householD sizes Percentage of household size in the neighbourhood by majoRity Small Medium <60-80m² 120-200m² Medium 80-120m² 0 1km 2km 27
Household Household availability availability Percentage of household size in the neighbourhood Small Medium <60-80m² 120-200m² by size by price Percentage of houses per Medium 80-120m² price category Cheap Expensive <12-24k € <48-72k € Medium 24-48k € finDings 0 1km 2km Population Population 2010 0 - 7500 7500 - 15 000 15 000 - 22 500 22 500 - 30 000 30 000 - 38 000 0 1km 2km Social Aging Public support ratio transport Supported families Aging ratio with schoolchildren 0-54 Bus Lines per district <150 54-108 3-10 150-250 108-162 10-16 receivers density 250-350 162-216 16-24 350-450 216-270 Population aged 24-30 450+550 <16 / >64 30-37 0 1km 2km 0 1km 2km 0 1km 2km 0 1km 2km 28
pReliminaRy inteRvention aRea 29
30
31
methoDology 32
RESEARCH QUESTION What are the strategic spatial interventions What are the existing possibilities of spatial necessary to deal with the problems of social planning to improve the benefits of LUPs for vulnerability areas in Valencia? local communities in Valencia? PROBLEM What are the existing socio-economic and spatial conditions SUB-RESEARCH QUESTIONS in specific areas of Valencia? What is vulnerability? What indicators define it? How successful are the LUPs in Valencia? How to evaluate it objectively? methoDology How can social vulnerability be alleviated by spatial planning? What is the current strategy of Valencia’s city to cope with What conditions make LUPs be social of vulnerability? more beneficial for local What are the effects of existing LUPs in Valencia and what are communities? predictable outcomes of the future ones? CASE STUDIES ANALYSIS & MAPPING INTERVIEWS LITERATURE STUDY Valencia’s position in the Valencia’s city Urban Urban planning and it’s Barcelona regional and national scale Planning department dynamics in Valencia RESEARCH Bilbao Relevant spatial, economic, Urbanism professors at Evaluation of LUP effect in social mapping on city and local Universidad Politécnica de Valencia and other case cities Seville scale Valencia Articles on social vulnerability Indicating socially vulnerabile Valencia´s Strategic Planning and the tols to cope with it areas department National, regional and local Defining the socio-spatial Coordinating institution of statistics and information elements of vulnerability Parque Central project Detailed analysis of selected Local neighbourhood design proposal area organizations RESULTS THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OUTCOMES Existing socio-economic and spatial conditions of Valencia in the context of Spain Effects of large urban projects Identified socio-economic and spatial threats and Vulnerability opportunities in a particular vulnerable area Spatial strategic planning Case study data on LUP effects and social vulnerability Theory, analysis and case PROPOSAL STRATEGY study based strategic proposal DESIGN Strategy based urban design intervention in a particular vulnerable area 33
e expecteD expecteD DeliveRables A report / evaluation of the existing large urban projects in Valencia. Recommendations for better local integration for the future LUPs. A strategic vision for social vulnerability areas of Valencia. A strategic plan for a particular part of the city. A design proposal testing out the proposed strategy in a vulnerable area. Evaluation of the graduation project process. A graduation report thoroughly describing the problem and an approach used to cope with it. Graduation presentation. 34
conclusion 35
ConClusion 36
souRces of images http://www.abusos-no.org/ http://www.ine.es http://www.valencia.es http://maps.google.com http://www.felisinblog.wordpress.com http://www.imageafter.com/ http://www.flickr.com Antonio Marin Segovia Manuel Orero Brian E Kushner 37

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  • 1. URBAN DEMOCRACY tuka.sl ntas S lft n Strategy for socially vulnerable areas, affected by omas@student.tude6267 D ka 11 d.stu 4 ture unequal distribution of public gains. TU De ulty of Archite ies lft Fac Complex C 2 it nism, ry 201 c Urba Janua The case of Valencia, Spain MS 24
  • 2. 2
  • 3. Problem statement Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects. Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist urban projects. Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability. 3
  • 4. ReseaRch questions What are the strategic spatial interventions necessary to deal with the problems of socially vulnerable areas in Valencia? What are the existing possibilities of spatial planning to improve the benefits of LUPs for local communities in Valencia? sub-ReseaRch questions What are the existing socio-economic and spatial conditions in specific areas of Valencia? What is vulnerability? What indicators define it? How can social vulnerability be alleviated by spatial planning? What is the current strategy of Valencia’s city to cope with social of vulnerability? What are the effects of existing LUPs in Valencia and what are predictable outcomes of the future ones? How successful are the LUPs in Valencia? How to evaluate it objectively? What conditions make LUPs be more beneficial for local communities? 4
  • 5. stRuctuRe of pResentation DescRiption of context DECENTRALIZATION OF PLANNING 6 LAND USE LAW 7 STRATEGIC PLANNING OF VALENCIA 9 LARGE URBAN PROJECTS 10 aims of the pRoject 11 theoRetical fRamewoRk 12 EQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC GAINS 13 VULNERABILITY 15 analysis 20 FINDINGS 28 PRELIMINARY INTERVENTION AREA 29 methoDology 32 EXPECTED DELIVERABLES 34 conclusion 35 SOURCES OF IMAGES 37 5
  • 6. DecentRalization 100% 9.7 12.2 12.8 13.3 13.8 13.6 13 100% 9.7 ReDistRibution of funDing 12.2 12.8 13.3 13.8 13.6 13 3 3 of planning 12.2 14.6 20.5 23.2 26.9 33 Local 12.2 14.6 20.5 23.2 26.9 33 87.3 Regional 87.3 75.6 72.6 75.6 72.6 66.2 63 59.5 Central 66.2 63 59.5 54 54 0% 0% 1981 1984 1987 1990 1992 1997 2001 1981 1984 1987 1990 1992 1997 2001 uRban planning moDel NATIONAL REGIONAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT GENERAL AND MUNICIPAL PLANS DEVELOPMENT PLANS NOT DEVELOPABLE Plan (GDP—Plan General General Development LAND Regional Strategic Special Plans de Ordenación) (SP—Planes Framework Urban Land Delimitation Especiales) DEVELOPED Projects (ULDP- LAND Proyectos de Delimi- tación de Suelo Urbano) Urban Development Action Programmes DEVELOPABLE (UDAP—Programas de Actuación Urbanística) LAND Partial Plans (PP—Planes Parciales) Subsidiary Planning Codes Detail Studies (DT—Estudios de Detalle) (SPC—Normas Subsidiarias de Planeamiento) 6
  • 7. changes in lanD classification 100% l lanD lanD use law l Non-Developable Land Developable Land Urbanized Land 0 1966 1983 1988 2010 lRau `94 lanD use plan 2007 Ley Reguladora de la numbeR of new Actividad Urbanistica Developments 250 242 221 200 165 150 100 59 37 40 35 42 50 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 7
  • 8. changes in lanD classification 100% l lanD lanD use law l Non-Developable Land Developable Land Urbanized Land lRau `94 0 1966 1983 1988 2010 Ley Reguladora de la numbeR of new Actividad Urbanistica lanD use plan 2007 Developments 250 242 221 200 165 150 100 59 37 40 35 42 50 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 8
  • 9. stRategic planning of valencia ategic v 1995 1998 2002 2007 Start the process of change! City of congresses High-Speed and meetings Train America’s Better Regional cup sailing connection Culture and mega-event Culture, high-tech Tourism and knowledge Open city to the Global oriented Sea Identity 9
  • 10. tuRia gaRDen 1 1988 Green Backbone l ge laRge u laRge uRban Sports & Activities Locals Oriented pRojects ojects centRal paRk 2 20?? Quality of Life Leisure & Activities 1 Citizen oriented city of aRts anD science 3 5 1998-2011 Global Identity Educative Extremely Expensive Limited Use Expensive Maintenance 2 f1 city ciRcuit 4 2008 3 4 Urban Regeneration (abandoned industry) Global Event Maintenance cost High Class Oriented ameRica’s cup poRt 5 2007 Urban Regeneration (beach) Global Event Revenue generative Luxury tourism oriented 10
  • 11. aims of the pRoject 1 Improve the conditions of socia lly vulnerable ar eas in Valencia 2 Enh ance positive outcom es of existing an d future LUPs to loca l communities 11
  • 13. equal I am greedy! DistRibution of public gains EQUITY - the quality of being fair and impartial. INTEGRITY - adherence to moral and ethical principles. Oxford Dictionary 13
  • 14. local ResiDent public authoRity oRienteD opeRations capabilities Regulation llicitudin nisl non mi tempor aliquet. Proin lacinia, sem quis volutpat tempus, odio urna aliquet risus, eget fermentum orci purus sit amet quam. Vivamus non orci ut mi volutpat malesuada. Nam semper pellentesque aliquam. Duis interdum, lacus ut iaculis consectetur, ipsum ligula ultricies mauris, a ultrices sem ligula sed ipsum. Quisque sem justo, euismod nec lobortis suscipit, porttitor vel turpis. Integer eu mattis justo. Donec felis mauris, sagittis eu Regulation iaculis in, porttitor vel justo. Fusce vitae arcu non sapien dignissim varius. Morbi non lorem justo. Proin id arcu a nibh fermentum facilisis eu sit amet metus. Donec varius aliquet est sed pulvinar. Etiam vitae mauris quam. Quisque eget purus nisl, sit amet iaculis neque. Nunc quis interdum tortor. Duis id ligula nec dolor convallis llicitudin nisl non mi tempor aliquet. Proin lacinia, sem quis hendrerit quis sit amet arcu. Cras semper posuere ante. Aenean id volutpat tempus, odio urna aliquet risus, eget fermentum orci nunc eget velit pellentesque congue. Nullam ut faucibus velit. purus sit amet quam. Vivamus non orci ut mi volutpat malesuada. Nunc risus erat, feugiat nec euismod eget, bibendum sit amet Nam semper pellentesque aliquam. Duis interdum, lacus ut iaculis diam. Donec a pulvinar enim. consectetur, ipsum ligula ultricies mauris, a ultrices sem ligula sed ipsum. Quisque sem justo, euismod nec lobortis suscipit, porttitor vel turpis. Integer eu mattis justo. Donec felis mauris, sagittis eu Praesent ac ante ante. Donec molestie tincidunt massa vitae iaculis in, porttitor vel justo. Fusce vitae arcu non sapien dignissim tincidunt. Mauris mi nibh, condimentum id varius non, ultricies eu varius. Morbi non lorem justo. Proin id arcu a nibh fermentum enim. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Cum sociis natoque facilisis eu sit amet metus. Donec varius aliquet est sed pulvinar. penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus Etiam vitae mauris quam. Quisque eget purus nisl, sit amet iaculis mus. Integer scelerisque pharetra felis at fringilla. Proin ut arcu at neque. sem mattis eleifend. Nulla felis neque, pharetra pellentesque tempus imperdiet, porttitor non massa. Vestibulum volutpat Nunc quis interdum tortor. Duis id ligula nec dolor convallis vestibulum lacinia. Vestibulum adipiscing lobortis leo, sit amet hendrerit quis sit amet arcu. Cras semper posuere ante. Aenean id aliquam nisi rhoncus sed. Ut ipsum orci, iaculis quis aliquam ac, nunc eget velit pellentesque congue. Nullam ut faucibus velit. luctus non ipsum. Nullam nisl sem, blandit et pharetra pharetra, Nunc risus erat, feugiat nec euismod eget, bibendum sit amet lacinia sit amet ante. Aenean ac lacus ac libero tempor tincidunt diam. Donec a pulvinar enim. quis at nisi. Pellentesque et quam ut massa mattis porta in at Praesent ac ante ante. Donec molestie tincidunt massa vitae tincidunt. Mauris mi nibh, condimentum id varius non, ultricies eu enim. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Integer scelerisque pharetra felis at fringilla. Proin ut arcu at sem mattis eleifend. Nulla felis neque, pharetra pellentesque tempus imperdiet, porttitor non massa. Vestibulum volutpat vestibulum lacinia. Vestibulum adipiscing lobortis leo, sit amet aliquam nisi rhoncus sed. Ut ipsum orci, iaculis quis aliquam ac, luctus non ipsum. Nullam nisl sem, blandit et pharetra pharetra, lacinia sit amet ante. Aenean ac lacus ac libero tempor tincidunt quis at nisi. Pellentesque et quam ut massa mattis porta in at Authority regulated prevention of Public Space and Architectural Quality urban conflicts Social Mix (diverse affordability housing) Impartial supervisory institution mpartial Project flexibility and reversibility due to Solid inclusion of local several developer involvement participation Creating tools to prevent authority’s Transparency of authority decission favour for private interests processes and identification of ‘the Locally painless project funding person in charge’ of the project approach Altshuler & Luberoff 2003, Cuenya 2005, Gualini & Majoor 2007, Harvey 2008, Lecroart 2007, Sodupe 2007, Swyngedouw et al 2002 14
  • 15. VULNERABILITY ‘Vulnerable - exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally’ Oxford Dictionary ‘In essence, the vulnerability can be defined as a state of high exposure to certain risks and uncertainties, combined with a decreased ability to protect or defend them and deal with its negative consequences’ United Nations 2003 15
  • 16. VULNERABILITY $$ ! $ #$#! ! €€ € # !# € socio-DemogRaphic socio-economic housing vulneRability subjective vulneRability vulneRability vulneRability Percentage of housing of less than Percentage of inhabitants 30m² complaining for noise pollution Percentage of single >64 year Unemployment rate old inhabitants Average household area in m² per Percentage of inhabitants Unemployment rate of youth inhabitant complaining for air polluted Rate of elderly dependency to 16-29 years Percentage of households without environment the rest of population Percentage of unqualified a bathroom and toilet in the house Percentage of inhabitants considering Percentage of immigrant to local workers Bad quality of house to have bad infrastructure children (0-15 years) Level of education (illiteracy, connectivity Percentage of immigrants to no education) Percentage of houses constructed earlier than 1951 Access to the green space per total inhabitants inhabitant Number of single parent families Percentage of inhabitants considering to be living in criminal areas 16
  • 17. VULNERABILITY vulneRable aReas $ !$ 1991, 2001, 2006* € € € € # ## Unemployment - 2X bigger than national level(21% in 2001) Level of Education - Illiteracy and no education 2X bigger than national level (23% in 2001) State of living quality - Percentage of households without: running water (>2%) toilet (>3%) bathroom or shower (>5$) Immigration* - if more than city average (20% in 2006) *indicator in 2006 analysis 17
  • 18. vulneRability 91-01 1991 INDICATORS 2001 Living quality Employment Education 0 1km 2km $ !$$ € € € # 18# # €
  • 19. vulneRability 2006 $ !$$ € € € # 19# # €
  • 20. analysis vulneRability 2010? $ #$ ! € € € € # # 20
  • 21. immigRation Non-EU immigrant residents (%) >17% Rate 2010 0-5 5-9 9-13 13-17 17-21 >21 0 1km 2km 21
  • 22. vulneRability by Rate of immigRation 22
  • 23. concentRation of Number of companies economic activities <800 800-1600 1600-2500 2500-3300 >3300 0 1km 2km 23
  • 24. elDeRly >64 Living alone >64 year old people living alone <500 500-1000 1000-1500 1500-2000 >2000 0 1km 2km 24
  • 25. caR peR peRson Car / Person 0.3-0.4 0.4-0.5 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.8 0 1km 2km 25
  • 26. householD pRices Percentage of houses per price category by majoRity Cheap Expensive <12-24k € <48-72k € Medium 24-48k € 0 1km 2km 26
  • 27. householD sizes Percentage of household size in the neighbourhood by majoRity Small Medium <60-80m² 120-200m² Medium 80-120m² 0 1km 2km 27
  • 28. Household Household availability availability Percentage of household size in the neighbourhood Small Medium <60-80m² 120-200m² by size by price Percentage of houses per Medium 80-120m² price category Cheap Expensive <12-24k € <48-72k € Medium 24-48k € finDings 0 1km 2km Population Population 2010 0 - 7500 7500 - 15 000 15 000 - 22 500 22 500 - 30 000 30 000 - 38 000 0 1km 2km Social Aging Public support ratio transport Supported families Aging ratio with schoolchildren 0-54 Bus Lines per district <150 54-108 3-10 150-250 108-162 10-16 receivers density 250-350 162-216 16-24 350-450 216-270 Population aged 24-30 450+550 <16 / >64 30-37 0 1km 2km 0 1km 2km 0 1km 2km 0 1km 2km 28
  • 30. 30
  • 31. 31
  • 33. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the strategic spatial interventions What are the existing possibilities of spatial necessary to deal with the problems of social planning to improve the benefits of LUPs for vulnerability areas in Valencia? local communities in Valencia? PROBLEM What are the existing socio-economic and spatial conditions SUB-RESEARCH QUESTIONS in specific areas of Valencia? What is vulnerability? What indicators define it? How successful are the LUPs in Valencia? How to evaluate it objectively? methoDology How can social vulnerability be alleviated by spatial planning? What is the current strategy of Valencia’s city to cope with What conditions make LUPs be social of vulnerability? more beneficial for local What are the effects of existing LUPs in Valencia and what are communities? predictable outcomes of the future ones? CASE STUDIES ANALYSIS & MAPPING INTERVIEWS LITERATURE STUDY Valencia’s position in the Valencia’s city Urban Urban planning and it’s Barcelona regional and national scale Planning department dynamics in Valencia RESEARCH Bilbao Relevant spatial, economic, Urbanism professors at Evaluation of LUP effect in social mapping on city and local Universidad Politécnica de Valencia and other case cities Seville scale Valencia Articles on social vulnerability Indicating socially vulnerabile Valencia´s Strategic Planning and the tols to cope with it areas department National, regional and local Defining the socio-spatial Coordinating institution of statistics and information elements of vulnerability Parque Central project Detailed analysis of selected Local neighbourhood design proposal area organizations RESULTS THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OUTCOMES Existing socio-economic and spatial conditions of Valencia in the context of Spain Effects of large urban projects Identified socio-economic and spatial threats and Vulnerability opportunities in a particular vulnerable area Spatial strategic planning Case study data on LUP effects and social vulnerability Theory, analysis and case PROPOSAL STRATEGY study based strategic proposal DESIGN Strategy based urban design intervention in a particular vulnerable area 33
  • 34. e expecteD expecteD DeliveRables A report / evaluation of the existing large urban projects in Valencia. Recommendations for better local integration for the future LUPs. A strategic vision for social vulnerability areas of Valencia. A strategic plan for a particular part of the city. A design proposal testing out the proposed strategy in a vulnerable area. Evaluation of the graduation project process. A graduation report thoroughly describing the problem and an approach used to cope with it. Graduation presentation. 34