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This document provides an overview of heavy water nuclear reactors. It discusses how heavy water reactors work, their key components, and differences from light water reactors. Specifically, it notes that heavy water reactors like the CANDU can use unenriched natural uranium as fuel, with heavy water as both moderator and coolant. The presentation outlines the basic design of heavy water reactors and their advantages in using less fuel but requiring higher safety standards due to use of heavy water.

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Career Point University Kota Basic Scheme of Neuclear Power Plant With Heavy Water Reactor Presentation On Submitted By : Palkit Badala K11604 B.Tech.(EE) CPU Submitteb To : Mr. Kamal Arora DEAN CPU
Index NUCLEAR POWER PLANT Basic Reactor Model Working Of Nuclear Power Plant Ways to Produce Energy NUCLEAR FISSION TYPES OF POWER REACTOR Essential Component of Nuclear Reactor How it Works Heavy Water Reactors CANDU Reactor How Heavy Water Is Used ! CANDU nuclear reactor Difference Between Heavy & Light Water Reactors Disadvantages Of CANDU Reactor Advantages Of CANDU Reactor Disadvantages of Nuclear Power Plant Advantages of Nuclear Power Plant
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As in a conventional thermal power station the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a generator which produces electricity. As of February 2, 2012, there were 439 nuclear power plants in operation.
Basic Reactor Model Pump 1.Fuel 3.Controlrod 5.Steamgenerator 4. Coolant 6. 8. 7. Turbine Generator
Working Of Nuclear Power Plant
Ways to Produce Energy Energy can be produced by following two ways: By combining light nuclei, the process known as fusion. By breaking up heavy nuclei into nuclei of intermediate size, process is known as fission.
NUCLEAR FISSION A process in which bombardment of a nucleus by fast moving neutrons results in its break up in two smallest nuclei of almost equal mass with the liberation of large amount of energy is called Nuclear Fission reaction. This fission reaction may be of two types (i) Controlled fission reaction and (ii) Uncontrolled fission reaction
TYPES OF POWER REACTOR Main types of nuclear reactors are 1. Advanced Gas Cooled-Reactor 2. Boiling Water reactor 3. Pressurized Water reactor 4. CANDU Type reactor 5. Sodium Graphite reactor 6. Fast Breeder Reactor
Essential Component of Nuclear Reactor 1. Reactor core 2. Reflector 3. Control mechanism 4. Moderator 5. Coolants 6. Measuring instruments 7. Shielding
How it Works The main bit to remember : Nuclear power stations work in pretty much the same way as fossil fuel-burning stations, except that a "chain reaction" inside a nuclear reactor makes the heat instead.
Heavy Water Reactors Canadian Deuterium-Uranium (CANDU) Reactors Use natural (non-isotopically concentrated) uranium Tmax: 590oF; PRxr Coolant: 1500 psi Can run 2 遜 years without refueling/downtime RBMK Reactors Chernobyl-style reactor Graphite and D2O in reactor core Much improved designs today
CANDU Reactor
How Heavy Water Is Used !
CANDU nuclear reactor The CANDU nuclear reactor got its name because this heavy water reactor design was developed in Canada -- it stands for CANada Deuterium Uranium. Deuterium is the primary element in heavy water, and uranium is the fuel used in this reactor class.
Difference Between Heavy & Light Water Reactors Heavy Water Reactor Known as CANDU Reactor. Core:It Is kept HORIZONTAL Fuel: Use non-enriched, natural uranium oxide as fuel. Moderator : Heavy water or deuterium oxide, which has a chemical formula of D20. Light Water Reactor Known as LWR. Core: It is kept VERTICAL. Fuel: Use enriched uranium fuel Moderator: Moderator in light water reactors is ordinary water
Coolant: The water moderator also functions as primary coolant in light water reactors. Coolant: The CANDU reactor uses either light or heavy water coolant.
Disadvantages Of CANDU Reactor It requires a very heigh standard of DESIGN , MANUFACTURE & MAINTAINENCE . Cost of heavy water is More. There are leakage problems. Size of reactor is extreamly large as power density is low as compared with PWR & BWR.
Advantages Of CANDU Reactor Heavy water is used as moderator , which has heigher multiplication factor and low fuel consumption. Enriched fuel is not required. The cost of vessel is less as it has not to withstand a heigh pressure. Less time is needed to construct the reactor. Moderator can be kept at low temperature which increases its effectiveness in slowing down neutrons.
Disadvantages of Neuclear Power Plant Although not much waste is produced, it is very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many thousands of years to allow the radioactivity to die away. For all that time it must be kept safe from earthquakes, flooding, terrorists and everything else. This is difficult. Nuclear power is reliable, but a lot of money has to be spent on safety - if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident can be a major disaster.
Advantages of Neuclear Power Plant Nuclear power costs about the same as coal, so it's not expensive to make. Does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. Produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel. Produces small amounts of waste. Nuclear power is reliable.
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Palkit badala

  • 1. Career Point University Kota Basic Scheme of Neuclear Power Plant With Heavy Water Reactor Presentation On Submitted By : Palkit Badala K11604 B.Tech.(EE) CPU Submitteb To : Mr. Kamal Arora DEAN CPU
  • 2. Index NUCLEAR POWER PLANT Basic Reactor Model Working Of Nuclear Power Plant Ways to Produce Energy NUCLEAR FISSION TYPES OF POWER REACTOR Essential Component of Nuclear Reactor How it Works Heavy Water Reactors CANDU Reactor How Heavy Water Is Used ! CANDU nuclear reactor Difference Between Heavy & Light Water Reactors Disadvantages Of CANDU Reactor Advantages Of CANDU Reactor Disadvantages of Nuclear Power Plant Advantages of Nuclear Power Plant
  • 3. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As in a conventional thermal power station the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a generator which produces electricity. As of February 2, 2012, there were 439 nuclear power plants in operation.
  • 5. Working Of Nuclear Power Plant
  • 6. Ways to Produce Energy Energy can be produced by following two ways: By combining light nuclei, the process known as fusion. By breaking up heavy nuclei into nuclei of intermediate size, process is known as fission.
  • 7. NUCLEAR FISSION A process in which bombardment of a nucleus by fast moving neutrons results in its break up in two smallest nuclei of almost equal mass with the liberation of large amount of energy is called Nuclear Fission reaction. This fission reaction may be of two types (i) Controlled fission reaction and (ii) Uncontrolled fission reaction
  • 8. TYPES OF POWER REACTOR Main types of nuclear reactors are 1. Advanced Gas Cooled-Reactor 2. Boiling Water reactor 3. Pressurized Water reactor 4. CANDU Type reactor 5. Sodium Graphite reactor 6. Fast Breeder Reactor
  • 9. Essential Component of Nuclear Reactor 1. Reactor core 2. Reflector 3. Control mechanism 4. Moderator 5. Coolants 6. Measuring instruments 7. Shielding
  • 10. How it Works The main bit to remember : Nuclear power stations work in pretty much the same way as fossil fuel-burning stations, except that a "chain reaction" inside a nuclear reactor makes the heat instead.
  • 11. Heavy Water Reactors Canadian Deuterium-Uranium (CANDU) Reactors Use natural (non-isotopically concentrated) uranium Tmax: 590oF; PRxr Coolant: 1500 psi Can run 2 遜 years without refueling/downtime RBMK Reactors Chernobyl-style reactor Graphite and D2O in reactor core Much improved designs today
  • 13. How Heavy Water Is Used !
  • 14. CANDU nuclear reactor The CANDU nuclear reactor got its name because this heavy water reactor design was developed in Canada -- it stands for CANada Deuterium Uranium. Deuterium is the primary element in heavy water, and uranium is the fuel used in this reactor class.
  • 15. Difference Between Heavy & Light Water Reactors Heavy Water Reactor Known as CANDU Reactor. Core:It Is kept HORIZONTAL Fuel: Use non-enriched, natural uranium oxide as fuel. Moderator : Heavy water or deuterium oxide, which has a chemical formula of D20. Light Water Reactor Known as LWR. Core: It is kept VERTICAL. Fuel: Use enriched uranium fuel Moderator: Moderator in light water reactors is ordinary water
  • 16. Coolant: The water moderator also functions as primary coolant in light water reactors. Coolant: The CANDU reactor uses either light or heavy water coolant.
  • 17. Disadvantages Of CANDU Reactor It requires a very heigh standard of DESIGN , MANUFACTURE & MAINTAINENCE . Cost of heavy water is More. There are leakage problems. Size of reactor is extreamly large as power density is low as compared with PWR & BWR.
  • 18. Advantages Of CANDU Reactor Heavy water is used as moderator , which has heigher multiplication factor and low fuel consumption. Enriched fuel is not required. The cost of vessel is less as it has not to withstand a heigh pressure. Less time is needed to construct the reactor. Moderator can be kept at low temperature which increases its effectiveness in slowing down neutrons.
  • 19. Disadvantages of Neuclear Power Plant Although not much waste is produced, it is very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many thousands of years to allow the radioactivity to die away. For all that time it must be kept safe from earthquakes, flooding, terrorists and everything else. This is difficult. Nuclear power is reliable, but a lot of money has to be spent on safety - if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident can be a major disaster.
  • 20. Advantages of Neuclear Power Plant Nuclear power costs about the same as coal, so it's not expensive to make. Does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. Produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel. Produces small amounts of waste. Nuclear power is reliable.