Pancreas
Download as PPTX, PDF
44 likes6,108 views
The pancreas is a retroperitoneal gland with both exocrine and endocrine functions. It is 15-20cm in length and divided into the head, neck, body, and tail. The pancreas produces enzymes that are released into the small intestine to aid in digestion and produces hormones like insulin and glucagon that are released into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels. It has both an extensive arterial blood supply and venous drainage that parallels the arteries. The pancreas is innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Convert to study guideBETA
Transform any presentation into a summarized study guide, highlighting the most important points and key insights.
Pancreas
- 1. Pancreas: Anatomy Presented by: IRFAN UL HAQ MBBS Final Year GMC Srinagar
- 2. Pancreas Pancreas derived from the Greek pan, all, and kreas, flesh, probably referring to the organs homogenous appearance.
- 3. Pancreas
- 4. Pancreas Gland with both exocrine and endocrine functions. 15-20cm in length. 60-100 gram in weight. Location: retro-peritoneum, 2nd lumbar vertebral level. Extends in an oblique, transverse position. Parts of pancreas: head, neck, body and tail.
- 5. Gross Anatomy Is a retroperitoneal structure It has a distinctive yellow/tan/pink color and is multilobulated. The gland is divided into four portions: The head The neck The body and The tail. The pancreas has an extensive arterial system arising from multiple sources The venous drainage parallels arterial anatomy Multiple lymph nodes drain the pancreas Neural function is controlled by dual sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation.
- 6. Pancreas
- 7. Head of Pancreas Includes uncinate process: Lower part of the posterior surface of the head that wraps behind the superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein. Flattened structure, 2 3 cm thick. Attached to the 2nd and 3rd portions of duodenum on the right. Emerges into neck on the left. Broadest part. SPDA and IPDA anastamose b/w the duodenum and the rt. lateral border. Moulded into the C shaped concavity of duodenum. Lies over the inferior vena cava, the right and left renal veins at the level of L2. Posterior surface is indented by the terminal part of the bile duct.
- 8. Neck of Pancreas 2.5 cm in length Lies in front of the superior mesenteric and portal veins Posteriorly it is related to aorta.
- 9. Body of Pancreas Elongated triangular structure. Anterior surface, separated from stomach by lesser sac Posterior surface, related to aorta, lt. adrenal gland, lt. renal vessels and upper 1/3rd of lt. kidney. Splenic vein runs embedded in the posterior surface. Inferior surface is covered by peritoneum. Anterior border is attached to root of transverse mesocolon. Upper border crosses the aorta at the origin of the celiac trunk. Splenic artery passes to the left along the upper border. Lower border crosses the origin of the superior mesenteric artery.
- 11. Tail of Pancreas Narrow, short segment. Lies at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra. Lies in the lieno-renal ligament along with splenic artery, vein, lymphatics . End of tail of pancreas touches the hilum of spleen. Anteriorly, close to splenic flexure of colon. Passes forward from the anterior surface of the left kidney at the level of hilum.
- 12. Pancreatic Duct Main duct (Duct of Wirsung) runs the entire length of pancreas Herring bone pattern. Joins Bile Duct at the ampulla of Vater. 2 4 mm in diameter, 20 secondary branches. Major duodenal papilla. Lesser duct (Duct of Santorini) empties separately into 2nd portion of duodenum Drains the uncinate process and lower part of head.
- 14. The pancreatic arteries derive mainly from the branches of the splenic artery. The anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, branches of the gastroduodenal artery. The anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, branches of the SMA. Blood supply
- 15. Venous drainage Splenic vien. Superior mesentric vien. Portal vien.
- 16. The pancreatic lymphatic vessels follow the blood vessel. Most of them end in the pancreaticosplenic nodes that lie along the splenic artery, but some vessels end in the pyloric lymph nodes. Efferent vessels from these nodes drain to the superior mesenteric lymph nodes or to the celiac lymph nodes via the hepatic lymph nodes. Lymphatic drainage
- 17. The nerves of the pancreas are derived from the vagus and abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves. Nerve supply
- 18. Embryology
- 19. Histology-Exocrine Pancreas 2 major components: Acinar cells, which secrete primarily digestive enzymes, Centroacinar or ductal cells, which secrete fluids and electrolytes. Constitute 80% to 90% of the pancreatic mass. Acinar cells secrete the digestive enzymes. 20 to 40 acinar cells coalesce into a unit called the acinus. Centroacinar cell (2nd cell type in the acinus) is responsible for fluid and electrolyte secretion by the pancreas. Duct system - network of conduits that carry the exocrine secretions into the duodenum.
- 20. Histology-Endocrine Pancreas Accounts for only 2% of the pancreatic mass. Nests of cells - islets of Langerhans. Four major cell types: Alpha (A) cells secrete glucagon, Beta (B) cells secrete insulin, Delta (D) cells secrete somatostatin, F cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
- 21. Histology-Endocrine Pancreas B cells are centrally located within the islet and constitute 70% of the islet mass. PP, A, and D cells are located at the periphery of the islet.
- 22. Conclusions Pancreas is a composite gland, Has exocrine and endocrine functions, Plays major role in digestion and glucose homeostasis.