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Interpreting WaterQuality ReportsKaren L. Panter, Ph.D., C.P.H.Horticulture and Specialty CropsDepartment of Plant Sciences
How do we measure water quality?AlkalinitySalinitypHSodium Adsorption RatioSpecific IonsSuspended Solids
Desirable CharacteristicsEC<0.5 dSpH5.0  7.0 Alkalinity	40  100 ppmNitrate<5 ppmMagnesium<24 ppmAmmonium<5 ppmPhosphorus<5 ppmPotassium<10 ppmCalcium<120 ppmSulfates< 240 ppm
Desirable CharacteristicsManganese<2 ppmIron<5 ppmBoron<0.8 ppmCopper<0.2 ppmZinc<5 ppmMolybdenum	<0.02 ppmAluminum<5 ppmSodium<50 ppmSAR<4Chloride<140 ppmFluoride	<1 ppm
Desirable Characteristics5
pHA pH reading is a measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution0 most acid to 14 most basicpH = 7 is neutralpH = 5.4 to 7.0 acceptable
SalinityTotal dissolved solidsMeasured by electrical conductivitydetermined by passing a current through the solution and determining its electrical conductanceunits are millimhos/cm, ordecisiemens/meter (dS/m)
SalinityRestrictions to use:< 0.25 dS/m	None0.25-0.75 dS/m	Moderate0.75-2.25 dS/m	High> 2.26 dS/m	SevereMultiply by 700 to convert to ppm TDSTotal Dissolved Solids
AlkalinityThe ability to neutralize   acid (meq揃L-1)  or ppm (upper limits)total carbonates (CO3 )bicarbonates (HCO3)hardness (Ca + Mg)Restrictions to use (in meq揃L-1):< 2 	None2-8.5	Slight to moderate> 8.5	Severe
SAR - Sodium Adsorption RatioRelates sodium to calcium and magnesium levels in waterMust be done by water testing laboratoryCan lead to deficiencies in calcium and magnesium
Sodium Adsorption RatioHigh sodium in relation to calcium and magnesium can be detrimental to plant growthSAR should be < 10Greenhouse < 4Calcium may precipitate
Examples of Real Analyses12
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And now.any questions?33

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