Papillary thyroid cancer
Download as pptx, pdf3 likes1,334 views
Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type of thyroid cancer, accounting for 80% of cases. It is more common in females and most often affects people between the ages of 30-50. Papillary thyroid cancer arises from follicular cells in the thyroid and is well-differentiated. It has a low risk of invasion but often spreads to nearby lymph nodes. Risk factors include family history, radiation exposure, male sex, and older age. Symptoms are often few or none, but it may present as a small, painless lump in the thyroid. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, ultrasound of the thyroid, fine needle aspiration biopsy, and thyroid function tests. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of part or all
1 of 15
Downloaded 47 times
Ad
Recommended
Thyroid cancer / papillary carcinoma (Doctor Faris Alabeedi MSc, MMedSc, PgD...
Thyroid cancer / papillary carcinoma (Doctor Faris Alabeedi MSc, MMedSc, PgD...Doctor Faris Alabeedi
油
Papillary carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer. It typically affects women aged 30-50 and has a high cure rate when detected early as tumors less than 1.5 cm. While often well-differentiated, papillary carcinoma can invade local lymph nodes and in rare cases spread to distant organs. Diagnosis involves ultrasound, biopsy, and testing for thyroid function, while treatment consists of surgery followed by radioactive iodine and medication. Prognosis is generally excellent, especially for younger patients with smaller tumors.Congenital anomlies of thyroid.pptx
Congenital anomlies of thyroid.pptxPradeep Pande
油
This document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation (PPT) as an active learning tool. It recommends:
1) Freely editing and modifying the PPT, including adding your name.
2) Not worrying about the number of slides, as many are blank except for titles to prompt discussion.
3) Showing blank slides first to ask students what they know, then filling them in with content.
4) Repeating this process of blank slide + student response + filled slide three times for reinforcement.
5) This makes for an engaging learning session that allows students to actively participate.
6) The technique is also useful for self-study.
7) Notes provide the document bibliographyThyroid cancer
Thyroid cancerDr. Darayus P. Gazder
油
Thyroid cancers are the most common endocrine malignancies, with papillary carcinoma being the most frequent type at 60% of cases. Papillary carcinoma commonly presents in younger females and has a good prognosis with a 95% 20-year survival rate. Medullary carcinoma is a rare but aggressive type associated with genetic syndromes. Anaplastic carcinoma is the most lethal type with median survival of only 4-5 months. Treatment options depend on tumor size and extent, and may include thyroid lobectomy, total thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine, chemotherapy, or external beam radiation.Breast biopsy
Breast biopsyiangould64
油
A breast biopsy is performed to examine breast tissue for signs of cancer or other disorders. There are several types of biopsies including open biopsies, needle biopsies, and surgical biopsies. Biopsy results will determine if cancer is present and provide details about the cancer such as whether it is in situ or invasive and how quickly it may grow. Follow up questions for patients include determining if additional testing or treatment is needed based on the biopsy results.Sentinel lymphnode
Sentinel lymphnodeVikram Prabhakar
油
A sentinel lymph node is the first lymph node that cancer is likely to spread to from a primary tumor. A sentinel lymph node biopsy identifies, removes, and examines this lymph node to determine if cancer cells are present. If cancer is found, it indicates the cancer may have spread to other lymph nodes or organs. Examining the sentinel lymph node helps determine the cancer stage and guides treatment planning. The procedure also reduces potential side effects of full lymph node surgery like lymphedema. Sentinel lymph node biopsies are used for cancers like breast cancer, melanoma, and others.Management of throid cancer
Management of throid cancerDr Salah Mabrouk Khallaf
油
T1, N1a, M0
Stage IVB
Stage IVA Any T, any N, M1
T4a, N0, M0Mri breast,indication,contra,prtocol,techniq,curves
Mri breast,indication,contra,prtocol,techniq,curvesDr;Mohamed alkenawy
油
MRI of the breast has certain contraindications including the presence of metallic implants, those unable to lie prone, or with large body habitus. Normal breast tissue may enhance asymmetrically, so scheduling during days 7-20 of the menstrual cycle can provide less enhancement. Dedicated breast coils are used with patients lying prone, and protocols involve unilateral or bilateral imaging with pre-and post-contrast sequences to analyze enhancement kinetics. Morphological features like irregular shapes and enhancement kinetics help identify lesions, with Type I curves associated with benign lesions and Type III with malignancy. MRI is useful for screening, determining tumor extent, assessing recurrence or residual disease, and providing information not available from other imaging methods.Testicular tumors
Testicular tumors Prabha Om
油
This document provides a detailed overview of testicular cancer classifications, histology, screening tools, management approaches, and prognostic factors. It discusses the various histologic types of germ cell tumors and sex cord-gonadal stromal tumors. For each type, it describes characteristics such as common age range, histologic features, tumor markers, and treatment approaches. It also summarizes staging evaluations and the role of imaging, tumor markers, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surveillance in testicular cancer management.Thyroid ca
Thyroid caAnkit Choudhary
油
This document discusses thyroid cancer and its management. It begins with the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland. It then covers the classification, etiology, pathology, staging, prognostic indicators, and management of the main types of thyroid cancer - papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinoma. The management sections discuss surgery, hormonal therapy, radioactive iodine therapy, external beam radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and follow-up care. Special considerations for medullary thyroid carcinoma are also covered.Thyroid carcinoma
Thyroid carcinomaDr. Mayur Patel
油
This document provides information on lymph node levels and classification of thyroid neoplasms. It describes the six levels of cervical lymph nodes and discusses papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid in detail. For papillary carcinoma, it covers presentation, histology, prognosis, treatment including surgery and radioactive iodine therapy. For follicular carcinoma, it discusses presentation, spread, histology and treatment. It also briefly summarizes other malignant thyroid tumors including medullary carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma and thyroid lymphoma.Management of breast cancer
Management of breast cancermostafa hegazy
油
1) The document discusses management of breast cancer, including diagnosis, staging, treatment options, and controversial issues.
2) It provides statistics on breast cancer incidence worldwide and in Egypt, noting it is one of the most common cancers in Egyptian females.
3) Projections estimate the number of breast cancer cases in Egypt could double from 2025 to 2050 as the population grows, posing greater challenges for cancer control efforts.Testicular tumors
Testicular tumorsMohamed Shaaban
油
1. Testicular cancer represents 1% of cancers in men and is classified as germ cell tumors (95%), gonadal stromal tumors, or secondary tumors from other cancers.
2. Germ cell tumors are further divided into seminomas and non-seminomas including teratomas, embryonal cell carcinomas, and choriocarcinomas.
3. Ultrasound is useful for imaging testicular tumors and can show characteristics such as hypoechogenicity, heterogeneity, cysts, and calcifications that help differentiate tumor types.Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid CancerMukesh Mani
油
This document provides information on thyroid cancer and the thyroid gland. It discusses the anatomy of the thyroid gland and its blood supply. It describes the different types of thyroid cancer such as papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, and Hurthle cell carcinoma. It covers the pathology, risk factors, diagnostic process, treatment options, and prognosis for each cancer type. The main treatment approaches discussed are surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, and TSH suppression.Breast screening
Breast screeningLAKSHMI DEEPTHI GEDELA
油
I. Screening mammography has become the primary screening tool for breast cancer. It has been shown to decrease mortality rates by detecting cancers early through routine screening.
II. Mammography screening guidelines vary based on risk level. Average risk women are typically recommended annual screening starting at age 40. High risk women may be recommended earlier or more frequent screening, including breast MRI.
III. Risk is determined through factors like family history, genetic testing, density of breast tissue, and use of models like Gail and Tyrer-Cuzick. Women at higher lifetime risk (>20%) may be counseled on additional screening or risk reduction options.Soft tissue sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcomaimrana tanvir
油
Lec 9&10 covered soft tissue tumors. Lipomas are benign fatty tumors that are usually solitary, well-encapsulated masses of mature adipocytes. Liposarcomas are malignant tumors of adipocytes that typically present as large, infiltrative masses with areas of necrosis. Nodular fasciitis is a self-limited reactive lesion, while fibromatoses are locally aggressive fibroblastic proliferations. Fibrosarcomas are highly malignant fibrous tumors. Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors that can occur anywhere, while leiomyosarcomas are malignant variants. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children that can vary considerably inImaging breast mammogram
Imaging breast mammogramREKHAKHARE
油
This document provides information about various breast imaging techniques including mammography. It describes what a mammogram is, the history of mammography, how mammograms are performed, what they can detect like masses and microcalcifications, and how results are categorized using BI-RADS. Other modalities like ultrasound and MRI are also discussed. Limitations of mammography include false negatives, overdiagnosis, and difficulty in dense breasts. Mammogram plans vary depending on a woman's history and any breast surgery or implants. Newer techniques like tomosynthesis aim to improve cancer detection.Management of ca endometrium
Management of ca endometriumKashish Chakraborty
油
The document discusses the management of carcinoma endometrium, which includes diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow up. Key points include: surgical staging is now standard to accurately identify disease extent and guide adjuvant therapy; total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with surgical staging is the primary treatment for early stage disease; adjuvant radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy may be used depending on risk factors like grade, myometrial invasion, and lymphovascular space invasion status. Randomized controlled trials have established the benefit of doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy over whole abdominal radiation for advanced stage disease. Prognostic factors, treatment recommendations, and follow up considerations are also outlined.LOCALLY ADVANCED BREAST CANCER
LOCALLY ADVANCED BREAST CANCERDrAyush Garg
油
1) Locally advanced breast cancer involves large tumors that have often spread to nearby lymph nodes but not distant sites. This makes the cancer inoperable with surgery alone.
2) Left untreated, locally advanced breast cancer can cause skin and tissue damage from ulceration, bleeding, and infection at the breast as well as pain, swelling, and blockages from spread to lymph nodes in the armpit.
3) Treatment options include chemotherapy to shrink the tumor and make it operable, radiation therapy to the breast and nearby lymph nodes, and hormone therapy for hormone receptor-positive cancers.Soft tissue ultrasound
Soft tissue ultrasoundRashidi Ahmad
油
Soft tissue ultrasound can help distinguish between cellulitis and abscesses in patients presenting with soft tissue infections. Ultrasound has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing abscesses compared to physical exam alone. It can identify fluid collections, guide drainage of abscesses, and detect peritonsillar abscesses. The ultrasound appearance of cellulitis is diffuse thickening and cobblestoning of subcutaneous tissues, while abscesses appear as rounded or irregular hypoechoic collections that may demonstrate posterior enhancement or internal debris. Pitfalls include difficulty differentiating interconnected edema from irregular abscesses, and failing to apply adequate pressure to identify the "squish sign".TESTICULAR TUMOURS
TESTICULAR TUMOURSDr. Roopam Jain
油
Testicular tumours are divided into three main groups: germ cell tumours, sex cord-stromal tumours, and mixed forms. Germ cell tumours account for 95% of cases and are further classified as seminomas and non-seminomas. Seminomas and non-seminomas have distinct characteristics and prognoses. Common germ cell tumour subtypes include embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumour, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma. Tumour markers such as HCG and AFP help diagnose and monitor germ cell tumours. Mixed germ cell tumours contain more than one histologic type and typically have a worse prognosis.Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid Cancerzobaida mostarin nishi
油
Thyroid cancer is characterized by malignant cells forming in the thyroid gland, often presenting symptoms such as neck lumps, pain, difficulty swallowing, and hoarseness. Causes can be environmental, like ionizing radiation, or genetic, such as multiple neoplasia type 2. Treatment varies from surgical removal of the thyroid to radioactive iodine, with ongoing management including hormone replacement and regular check-ups.Core Needle Biopsy of Breast : Updates
Core Needle Biopsy of Breast : Updates Diya Das
油
Core needle biopsy is a commonly used and reliable method for sampling breast lesions, allowing diagnosis in over 90% of cases. However, certain lesion types like fibroepithelial lesions, spindle cell lesions, papillary lesions, and radial scars can be difficult to diagnose with certainty on core biopsy alone. Immunohistochemistry and excisional biopsy are often needed in these problematic cases to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Standardizing the reporting of core biopsies and following international guidelines helps ensure consistent and optimal patient care.Soft tissue sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcomaKiran Ramakrishna
油
This document provides information on the management of soft tissue sarcoma. It discusses the clinical presentation, patterns of spread, imaging, histology, grading, staging, prognostic factors and management of soft tissue sarcomas. The key points are:
1) Soft tissue sarcomas most commonly present as painless swellings in the extremities and can invade locally along fascial planes. Imaging like MRI is important for assessing tumor extent.
2) Histologically, the most common subtypes are undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and liposarcoma. Grading systems consider tumor differentiation, mitosis and necrosis.
3) Staging is based on tumor size, depth, nodal status and metastasis larynx Grossiing, Total laryngectomy,
larynx Grossiing, Total laryngectomy, Kiran Gore
油
1. The document discusses the anatomy, staging, and gross examination procedure for laryngectomy specimens.
2. It describes the three regions of the larynx - supraglottis, glottis, and subglottis - and notes that tumor location impacts lymphatic spread and symptoms.
3. The gross examination procedure involves examining resection margins, identifying tumor location and extent, and slicing the specimen to assess depth of invasion.Breast cancer staging
Breast cancer stagingDr./ Ihab Samy
油
The document summarizes breast cancer staging systems. It discusses:
- The importance of accurate staging for determining prognosis and treatment.
- The TNM system used worldwide for clinical staging, which classifies tumors by size (T), lymph node involvement (N), and metastases (M).
- Revisions made in the 7th edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual to the TNM classifications for breast cancer, including changes to the definitions of inflammatory carcinoma and microinvasive carcinoma.
- Recommendations for determining tumor size using various imaging modalities and microscopic vs. gross measurements.
- Staging of noninvasive cancers such as DCIS and LCIS.
- Grading of invasiveMalignant thyroid
Malignant thyroidAmna Akram
油
This document discusses malignant thyroid tumors. It begins by classifying the main types: papillary carcinoma (60%), follicular carcinoma (20%), anaplastic carcinoma (10%), and medullary carcinoma (5%). Risk factors and presentations are described. Investigations include thyroid function tests, FNAC biopsy, and imaging. Staging depends on tumor size, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastases. Well-differentiated tumors like papillary and follicular carcinoma can be treated with surgery and radioactive iodine. Medullary carcinoma is associated with genetic mutations. Anaplastic carcinoma has a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment. Post-operative complications are also reviewed.Thyroid malignancies
Thyroid malignanciesShashank Bansal
油
This document provides an overview of thyroid cancer, including:
1. It describes the anatomy of the thyroid gland and risk factors for thyroid cancer such as radiation exposure and family history.
2. Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type, and the document outlines the classification and presentation of thyroid cancers.
3. Diagnosis involves laboratory tests, ultrasound, and biopsy, while staging uses the TNM system.
4. Treatment typically involves surgery followed by radioactive iodine therapy or radiotherapy, with chemotherapy for advanced cases.
5. Prognosis depends on factors like histology, size, and spread, and follow up involves monitoring blood work and imaging tests.Testicular cancer TCA
Testicular cancer TCAANILKUMAR BR
油
Testicular cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the testicles divide and grow uncontrolled. It is highly treatable and usually curable, with a cure rate of over 90% across all ages. The document discusses risk factors like age, undescended testicles, family history, and certain infections. It also describes the types of testicular cancers, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatments which typically involve surgical removal of the testicle and lymph nodes, as well as potential chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Nursing care focuses on monitoring the patient during and after treatment and addressing issues related to body image, sexuality, and the importance of self-examination.Carcinoma Thyroid presentation
Carcinoma Thyroid presentation Abhinav Mutneja
油
This document discusses the anatomy, physiology, pathology, staging, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid cancer. Some key points:
- The thyroid gland is located in the neck and produces thyroid hormones which regulate metabolism. Thyroid cancers are classified based on their level of differentiation.
- Diagnostic evaluation includes laboratory tests, ultrasound of the thyroid, and fine needle aspiration if a nodule is detected. Prognostic factors like histology, stage, and tumor size help determine a patient's risk level.
- Surgical treatment typically involves total thyroidectomy. Lymph node dissection may also be performed. Postoperative radioactive iodine remnant ablation is recommended for intermediate- and high-riskDifferentiated thyroid carcinoma
Differentiated thyroid carcinomaAnkur Kajal
油
Differentiated thyroid cancer includes papillary, follicular, and Hurthle cell carcinomas which arise from thyroid follicular cells. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type, accounting for 80-85% of cases. It typically presents as a slow-growing solitary thyroid nodule and has an excellent prognosis with a 95% 10-year survival rate. Surgical treatment may include total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy in high-risk cases. Long-term monitoring involves measuring serum thyroglobulin and ultrasound imaging of the neck. Localized recurrence is typically treated with surgery while metastatic disease is managed with additional RAI if radioiodine avid or other modalities if notMore Related Content
What's hot (20)
Thyroid ca
Thyroid caAnkit Choudhary
油
This document discusses thyroid cancer and its management. It begins with the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland. It then covers the classification, etiology, pathology, staging, prognostic indicators, and management of the main types of thyroid cancer - papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinoma. The management sections discuss surgery, hormonal therapy, radioactive iodine therapy, external beam radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and follow-up care. Special considerations for medullary thyroid carcinoma are also covered.Thyroid carcinoma
Thyroid carcinomaDr. Mayur Patel
油
This document provides information on lymph node levels and classification of thyroid neoplasms. It describes the six levels of cervical lymph nodes and discusses papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid in detail. For papillary carcinoma, it covers presentation, histology, prognosis, treatment including surgery and radioactive iodine therapy. For follicular carcinoma, it discusses presentation, spread, histology and treatment. It also briefly summarizes other malignant thyroid tumors including medullary carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma and thyroid lymphoma.Management of breast cancer
Management of breast cancermostafa hegazy
油
1) The document discusses management of breast cancer, including diagnosis, staging, treatment options, and controversial issues.
2) It provides statistics on breast cancer incidence worldwide and in Egypt, noting it is one of the most common cancers in Egyptian females.
3) Projections estimate the number of breast cancer cases in Egypt could double from 2025 to 2050 as the population grows, posing greater challenges for cancer control efforts.Testicular tumors
Testicular tumorsMohamed Shaaban
油
1. Testicular cancer represents 1% of cancers in men and is classified as germ cell tumors (95%), gonadal stromal tumors, or secondary tumors from other cancers.
2. Germ cell tumors are further divided into seminomas and non-seminomas including teratomas, embryonal cell carcinomas, and choriocarcinomas.
3. Ultrasound is useful for imaging testicular tumors and can show characteristics such as hypoechogenicity, heterogeneity, cysts, and calcifications that help differentiate tumor types.Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid CancerMukesh Mani
油
This document provides information on thyroid cancer and the thyroid gland. It discusses the anatomy of the thyroid gland and its blood supply. It describes the different types of thyroid cancer such as papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, and Hurthle cell carcinoma. It covers the pathology, risk factors, diagnostic process, treatment options, and prognosis for each cancer type. The main treatment approaches discussed are surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, and TSH suppression.Breast screening
Breast screeningLAKSHMI DEEPTHI GEDELA
油
I. Screening mammography has become the primary screening tool for breast cancer. It has been shown to decrease mortality rates by detecting cancers early through routine screening.
II. Mammography screening guidelines vary based on risk level. Average risk women are typically recommended annual screening starting at age 40. High risk women may be recommended earlier or more frequent screening, including breast MRI.
III. Risk is determined through factors like family history, genetic testing, density of breast tissue, and use of models like Gail and Tyrer-Cuzick. Women at higher lifetime risk (>20%) may be counseled on additional screening or risk reduction options.Soft tissue sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcomaimrana tanvir
油
Lec 9&10 covered soft tissue tumors. Lipomas are benign fatty tumors that are usually solitary, well-encapsulated masses of mature adipocytes. Liposarcomas are malignant tumors of adipocytes that typically present as large, infiltrative masses with areas of necrosis. Nodular fasciitis is a self-limited reactive lesion, while fibromatoses are locally aggressive fibroblastic proliferations. Fibrosarcomas are highly malignant fibrous tumors. Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors that can occur anywhere, while leiomyosarcomas are malignant variants. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children that can vary considerably inImaging breast mammogram
Imaging breast mammogramREKHAKHARE
油
This document provides information about various breast imaging techniques including mammography. It describes what a mammogram is, the history of mammography, how mammograms are performed, what they can detect like masses and microcalcifications, and how results are categorized using BI-RADS. Other modalities like ultrasound and MRI are also discussed. Limitations of mammography include false negatives, overdiagnosis, and difficulty in dense breasts. Mammogram plans vary depending on a woman's history and any breast surgery or implants. Newer techniques like tomosynthesis aim to improve cancer detection.Management of ca endometrium
Management of ca endometriumKashish Chakraborty
油
The document discusses the management of carcinoma endometrium, which includes diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow up. Key points include: surgical staging is now standard to accurately identify disease extent and guide adjuvant therapy; total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with surgical staging is the primary treatment for early stage disease; adjuvant radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy may be used depending on risk factors like grade, myometrial invasion, and lymphovascular space invasion status. Randomized controlled trials have established the benefit of doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy over whole abdominal radiation for advanced stage disease. Prognostic factors, treatment recommendations, and follow up considerations are also outlined.LOCALLY ADVANCED BREAST CANCER
LOCALLY ADVANCED BREAST CANCERDrAyush Garg
油
1) Locally advanced breast cancer involves large tumors that have often spread to nearby lymph nodes but not distant sites. This makes the cancer inoperable with surgery alone.
2) Left untreated, locally advanced breast cancer can cause skin and tissue damage from ulceration, bleeding, and infection at the breast as well as pain, swelling, and blockages from spread to lymph nodes in the armpit.
3) Treatment options include chemotherapy to shrink the tumor and make it operable, radiation therapy to the breast and nearby lymph nodes, and hormone therapy for hormone receptor-positive cancers.Soft tissue ultrasound
Soft tissue ultrasoundRashidi Ahmad
油
Soft tissue ultrasound can help distinguish between cellulitis and abscesses in patients presenting with soft tissue infections. Ultrasound has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing abscesses compared to physical exam alone. It can identify fluid collections, guide drainage of abscesses, and detect peritonsillar abscesses. The ultrasound appearance of cellulitis is diffuse thickening and cobblestoning of subcutaneous tissues, while abscesses appear as rounded or irregular hypoechoic collections that may demonstrate posterior enhancement or internal debris. Pitfalls include difficulty differentiating interconnected edema from irregular abscesses, and failing to apply adequate pressure to identify the "squish sign".TESTICULAR TUMOURS
TESTICULAR TUMOURSDr. Roopam Jain
油
Testicular tumours are divided into three main groups: germ cell tumours, sex cord-stromal tumours, and mixed forms. Germ cell tumours account for 95% of cases and are further classified as seminomas and non-seminomas. Seminomas and non-seminomas have distinct characteristics and prognoses. Common germ cell tumour subtypes include embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumour, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma. Tumour markers such as HCG and AFP help diagnose and monitor germ cell tumours. Mixed germ cell tumours contain more than one histologic type and typically have a worse prognosis.Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid Cancerzobaida mostarin nishi
油
Thyroid cancer is characterized by malignant cells forming in the thyroid gland, often presenting symptoms such as neck lumps, pain, difficulty swallowing, and hoarseness. Causes can be environmental, like ionizing radiation, or genetic, such as multiple neoplasia type 2. Treatment varies from surgical removal of the thyroid to radioactive iodine, with ongoing management including hormone replacement and regular check-ups.Core Needle Biopsy of Breast : Updates
Core Needle Biopsy of Breast : Updates Diya Das
油
Core needle biopsy is a commonly used and reliable method for sampling breast lesions, allowing diagnosis in over 90% of cases. However, certain lesion types like fibroepithelial lesions, spindle cell lesions, papillary lesions, and radial scars can be difficult to diagnose with certainty on core biopsy alone. Immunohistochemistry and excisional biopsy are often needed in these problematic cases to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Standardizing the reporting of core biopsies and following international guidelines helps ensure consistent and optimal patient care.Soft tissue sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcomaKiran Ramakrishna
油
This document provides information on the management of soft tissue sarcoma. It discusses the clinical presentation, patterns of spread, imaging, histology, grading, staging, prognostic factors and management of soft tissue sarcomas. The key points are:
1) Soft tissue sarcomas most commonly present as painless swellings in the extremities and can invade locally along fascial planes. Imaging like MRI is important for assessing tumor extent.
2) Histologically, the most common subtypes are undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and liposarcoma. Grading systems consider tumor differentiation, mitosis and necrosis.
3) Staging is based on tumor size, depth, nodal status and metastasis larynx Grossiing, Total laryngectomy,
larynx Grossiing, Total laryngectomy, Kiran Gore
油
1. The document discusses the anatomy, staging, and gross examination procedure for laryngectomy specimens.
2. It describes the three regions of the larynx - supraglottis, glottis, and subglottis - and notes that tumor location impacts lymphatic spread and symptoms.
3. The gross examination procedure involves examining resection margins, identifying tumor location and extent, and slicing the specimen to assess depth of invasion.Breast cancer staging
Breast cancer stagingDr./ Ihab Samy
油
The document summarizes breast cancer staging systems. It discusses:
- The importance of accurate staging for determining prognosis and treatment.
- The TNM system used worldwide for clinical staging, which classifies tumors by size (T), lymph node involvement (N), and metastases (M).
- Revisions made in the 7th edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual to the TNM classifications for breast cancer, including changes to the definitions of inflammatory carcinoma and microinvasive carcinoma.
- Recommendations for determining tumor size using various imaging modalities and microscopic vs. gross measurements.
- Staging of noninvasive cancers such as DCIS and LCIS.
- Grading of invasiveMalignant thyroid
Malignant thyroidAmna Akram
油
This document discusses malignant thyroid tumors. It begins by classifying the main types: papillary carcinoma (60%), follicular carcinoma (20%), anaplastic carcinoma (10%), and medullary carcinoma (5%). Risk factors and presentations are described. Investigations include thyroid function tests, FNAC biopsy, and imaging. Staging depends on tumor size, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastases. Well-differentiated tumors like papillary and follicular carcinoma can be treated with surgery and radioactive iodine. Medullary carcinoma is associated with genetic mutations. Anaplastic carcinoma has a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment. Post-operative complications are also reviewed.Thyroid malignancies
Thyroid malignanciesShashank Bansal
油
This document provides an overview of thyroid cancer, including:
1. It describes the anatomy of the thyroid gland and risk factors for thyroid cancer such as radiation exposure and family history.
2. Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type, and the document outlines the classification and presentation of thyroid cancers.
3. Diagnosis involves laboratory tests, ultrasound, and biopsy, while staging uses the TNM system.
4. Treatment typically involves surgery followed by radioactive iodine therapy or radiotherapy, with chemotherapy for advanced cases.
5. Prognosis depends on factors like histology, size, and spread, and follow up involves monitoring blood work and imaging tests.Testicular cancer TCA
Testicular cancer TCAANILKUMAR BR
油
Testicular cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the testicles divide and grow uncontrolled. It is highly treatable and usually curable, with a cure rate of over 90% across all ages. The document discusses risk factors like age, undescended testicles, family history, and certain infections. It also describes the types of testicular cancers, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatments which typically involve surgical removal of the testicle and lymph nodes, as well as potential chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Nursing care focuses on monitoring the patient during and after treatment and addressing issues related to body image, sexuality, and the importance of self-examination.Similar to Papillary thyroid cancer (20)
Carcinoma Thyroid presentation
Carcinoma Thyroid presentation Abhinav Mutneja
油
This document discusses the anatomy, physiology, pathology, staging, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid cancer. Some key points:
- The thyroid gland is located in the neck and produces thyroid hormones which regulate metabolism. Thyroid cancers are classified based on their level of differentiation.
- Diagnostic evaluation includes laboratory tests, ultrasound of the thyroid, and fine needle aspiration if a nodule is detected. Prognostic factors like histology, stage, and tumor size help determine a patient's risk level.
- Surgical treatment typically involves total thyroidectomy. Lymph node dissection may also be performed. Postoperative radioactive iodine remnant ablation is recommended for intermediate- and high-riskDifferentiated thyroid carcinoma
Differentiated thyroid carcinomaAnkur Kajal
油
Differentiated thyroid cancer includes papillary, follicular, and Hurthle cell carcinomas which arise from thyroid follicular cells. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type, accounting for 80-85% of cases. It typically presents as a slow-growing solitary thyroid nodule and has an excellent prognosis with a 95% 10-year survival rate. Surgical treatment may include total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy in high-risk cases. Long-term monitoring involves measuring serum thyroglobulin and ultrasound imaging of the neck. Localized recurrence is typically treated with surgery while metastatic disease is managed with additional RAI if radioiodine avid or other modalities if not451 Thyroid cancer.ppt radiotherapy oncology
451 Thyroid cancer.ppt radiotherapy oncologydranjalikrishnanp
油
The document provides a comprehensive overview of thyroid cancer, including its types, epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and management strategies. Notable types discussed include papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic carcinomas, each with distinct characteristics, prognostic factors, and treatment protocols. Additionally, it highlights the significance of genetic factors, diagnostic imaging, and postoperative management in patient care.Ca thyroid
Ca thyroidAnkita Singh
油
Thyroid cancers can affect the follicular or parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. The most common types are papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma. Risk factors include genetics, family history, radiation exposure, and iodine deficiency. Symptoms may include thyroid nodules, neck lymphadenopathy, or changes in voice. Diagnosis involves blood tests, ultrasound, biopsy, and imaging. Treatment depends on cancer type and severity but commonly includes surgery followed by radiation or other therapies. Prognosis depends on factors like cancer stage, size, and spread.AdrenocorticalCa.pptx
AdrenocorticalCa.pptxPradeep Pande
油
This document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation (PPT). It recommends:
1. Freely downloading, editing, and modifying the PPT and adding your name.
2. Not worrying about the number of slides, as half are blank except for the title.
3. First showing blank slides to elicit student responses, then filling them in.
4. Rerunning the show at the end to reinforce learning.
5. Using this approach for an active learning session repeated three times.
6. The PPT can also be used for self-study.
7. Notes provide the bibliography.451 Thyroid cancer.ppt classification and treatment
451 Thyroid cancer.ppt classification and treatmentDeepakG998562
油
The document provides a comprehensive overview of thyroid cancer, including its epidemiology, causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management strategies. It discusses various types of thyroid cancers such as papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic carcinoma, along with treatment options and prognostic indicators. Key points include the importance of family history, genetic factors, and the role of thyroid surgery and radioactive iodine therapy in management.Mediastinal Mass dr dharma poonia
Mediastinal Mass dr dharma pooniaDr Dharma ram Poonia
油
1) Mediastinal masses can occur in the three compartments of the mediastinum and are diverse in pathology. 2) CT is usually the initial imaging modality of choice to determine the location and characteristics of the mass. 3) Tissue biopsy is often required before treatment planning to determine the specific diagnosis, as the approach depends on factors such as location, imaging features, and patient age.Thyroid nodules and cancer
Thyroid nodules and cancerPHAM HUU THAI
油
Thyroid nodules are common, especially in women and older adults. While most are benign, thyroid cancer occurs in 5-15% of nodules. Risk factors for cancer include age under 18 or over 60, male sex, family history, rapid growth, fixation, hoarseness, lymphadenopathy, and radiation exposure. Tests include thyroid function tests, ultrasound, and fine needle aspiration. Ultrasound features such as hypoechogenicity, irregular borders, microcalcifications, and taller-than-wide shape indicate higher cancer risk. Guidelines from the American Thyroid Association and other groups provide recommendations on evaluation and management of thyroid nodules and cancer.Thyroid Carcinoma.02
Thyroid Carcinoma.02Dr. ZAHID IQBAL MIR
油
The document discusses various aspects of thyroid carcinoma, including its epidemiology, risk factors, classification, and pathogenesis. Key highlights include a higher incidence in women, the significance of genetic factors and family history, and varying clinical features and metastasis patterns for different types of thyroid cancer. The classification covers differentiated and undifferentiated types, with papillary carcinoma being the most common, and includes detailed information on histopathological findings and variants.Approach to thyroid nodule.pptx
Approach to thyroid nodule.pptxPrabinBhattarai7
油
A 69-year-old female presented with an itchy throat and a family history of thyroid cancer. An ultrasound revealed an 8mm nodule in her left thyroid lobe. Further investigations would include a fine needle aspiration biopsy of the nodule. The doctor would explain to the patient that the small nodule size is reassuring but not completely benign, and recommend follow up ultrasound scans. If the nodule was larger, such as 15mm or 30mm, the risk of cancer would be higher and surgery may be considered.Urologic malignancy
Urologic malignancyRifhan Kamaruddin
油
This document provides a comprehensive overview of urologic malignancies, focusing on various types such as renal, bladder, prostate, and penile cancers. It details classifications, clinical features, diagnostic workups, and treatment modalities for each cancer type, highlighting statistical data on incidence, prognosis, and therapeutic approaches including surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The document emphasizes the importance of early detection and different staging systems used to assess the extent of these malignancies.A Systematic Approach to Goitre
A Systematic Approach to GoitreChea Chan Hooi
油
This document provides an overview of goitre (enlargement of the thyroid gland) including its definition, anatomy, functions, classifications, clinical features, investigations, and treatment options. It discusses the etiology, types and treatment of thyroid cancers. It also covers thyroiditis, imaging, histopathology, tests, and medical and surgical treatment approaches for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism including anti-thyroid drugs, thyroidectomy, and radioiodine therapy. The document emphasizes the importance of a systematic clinical approach and awareness of red flags when evaluating patients with goitre.GERM CELL TUMOURS OF THE TESTIS by Nwabueze.ppt
GERM CELL TUMOURS OF THE TESTIS by Nwabueze.pptSomtoNwabueze2
油
The document summarizes the case of a 36-year-old male with a recurrent inguinal testicular tumor diagnosed as a classic seminoma, which has progressed to at least stage IIB. Following chemotherapy treatment, he is scheduled for additional courses and radiotherapy. The document also includes detailed pathology and treatment modalities for germ cell tumors, emphasizing the various classifications, epidemiology, and management strategies.Thyroid nodule for undergrad the lect.ppt
Thyroid nodule for undergrad the lect.pptmohamedebrahim179815
油
This document discusses the evaluation and management of solitary thyroid nodules. It defines a solitary thyroid nodule and outlines red flags that may indicate cancer such as rapid growth, male sex, or family history of thyroid cancer. Imaging with ultrasound is recommended to assess nodule characteristics while biopsy with FNAC provides the most accurate assessment of malignancy. For indeterminate or suspicious nodules, surgery is the standard treatment to both diagnose and treat the condition. Complete surgical removal of the affected lobe is the typical surgical approach.Carcinoid tumor - Descriptive 際際滷s for Undergraduates
Carcinoid tumor - Descriptive 際際滷s for UndergraduatesAjilAntony12
油
The document provides a comprehensive overview of carcinoid tumors, including their history, pathology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. It details the biological characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), tumor markers, and various treatments, highlighting the significance of serotonin and its role in carcinoid syndrome. Additionally, the document discusses surveillance strategies and specific management techniques for metastatic disease, emphasizing the need for tailored therapeutic approaches based on individual patient conditions.Approach to thyroid cancer
Approach to thyroid cancerMohammedAlHinai18
油
This document discusses the different types and management approaches for thyroid cancer. It covers:
1. Thyroid cancers are classified into groups A and B based on differentiation and prognosis. Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type, while anaplastic is very rare and aggressive.
2. Diagnostic workup involves ultrasound, fine needle aspiration biopsy, and staging tests if cancer is detected. FNAB results are classified from C1 to C6 indicating likelihood of malignancy.
3. Treatment depends on cancer type and stage. For lower risk papillary cancer, surgery may involve hemithyroidectomy followed by histopathology. Higher risk cancers receive more aggressive surgical and adjuvant treatment.Thyroid cancer overview in global and African settings including Malawi
Thyroid cancer overview in global and African settings including MalawiTimWiyuleMutafyaMD
油
thyroid cancer local and global review with approach to diagnosis and treatment. Summary and pictures which aid a resident both in low and high resource areas. interesting trends in all regionsThyroid cancers
Thyroid cancerslalith39
油
Thyroid cancers are infrequent but benign thyroid diseases are common. Papillary carcinoma is the most common type at 80% of cases. Women are three times more likely to be affected than men, with peak incidence between 30-40 years of age. Risk factors include radiation exposure and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Fine needle aspiration cytology is the initial test to differentiate malignant from benign nodules. Total thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection is the main treatment for differentiated thyroid cancers. Long term thyroid hormone suppression therapy and monitoring of thyroglobulin levels and scans are important after surgery.Ca pancreas [autosaved]
Ca pancreas [autosaved]Saumya Srivastava
油
A 63-year-old male presented with epigastric pain radiating to the back, abdominal distention, vomiting and jaundice. Laboratory tests showed elevated bilirubin and liver enzymes. CT scan revealed a 3.5 cm x 3.7 cm pancreatic head mass and multiple liver nodules, indicating stage IV pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis. The patient was diagnosed with advanced pancreatic cancer based on imaging and laboratory findings.Ad
Recently uploaded (20)
Computer aided formulation development optimization
Computer aided formulation development optimizationSwami ramanand teerth marathwada university
油
Concept of optimization, optimization parameters, factorial design, optimization technology & screening design. Coarse Dispersion, Physical Pharmaceutics
Coarse Dispersion, Physical Pharmaceuticsnishiprakashj
油
Its a compilation of unit 3 as per PCI syllabus of B.Pharm IV sem, Subject Physical Pharmaceutics.nanoparticle and liposomes ppt .(NTDS)pdf
nanoparticle and liposomes ppt .(NTDS)pdfsiddhikalbande
油
Nanoparticles and liposomes are advanced carriers used for targeted drug delivery.
Nanoparticles enhance drug effectiveness by directing treatment to specific sites.
Liposomes are biocompatible vesicles that enable controlled and sustained drug release.HEALTH CARE PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH CARE
HEALTH CARE PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH CAREnawaabaquib
油
This PowerPoint presentation covers Unit II: Health Care Planning and Organization of Health Care at Various Levels in a simple and easy-to-understand format. It explains importance of health planning in India. The PPT also includes the structure of the health care system at central, state, and local levels. It is useful for GNM ,BSc And Msc Nursing students. This presentation is also helpful for exam preparation .Aspirin powder or Acetyl salicylic acid powder.docx
Aspirin powder or Acetyl salicylic acid powder.docxkopalsharma85
油
pharmacy exercise on aspirin powderDay care surgery anaesthesia and management of complications in postoperative...
Day care surgery anaesthesia and management of complications in postoperative...deepika582423
油
Day care Bias, Cofounding Bias, Matching , Blinding
Bias, Cofounding Bias, Matching , BlindingDr. Anu Marhatta
油
The slide contains small sippets about the bias, confounding bias, and the ways by which we can remove them. Like by using the methods such as matching and blinding. This slide can be useful as a reference for students in MBBS. ELECTROMYOGRAPHY.pptX by GOKULAKRISHNAN.
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY.pptX by GOKULAKRISHNAN.GOKULAKRISHNAN JANARTHANAN
油
Electromyography is basically the study of motor unit activity.
In electromyography, the study of the electrical activity of contracting muscle provides information concerning the structure and function of the motor units.
Mindfull Midwives: MENTAL WELLBEING OF MIDWIVES FOR BETTER FOR RESPECTFUL MAT...
Mindfull Midwives: MENTAL WELLBEING OF MIDWIVES FOR BETTER FOR RESPECTFUL MAT...LaxmiDeshpande6
油
Midwifery practioners should be mindful while caring of mother at all stages like antenatal, postnatal ,during delivery , care of baby.Yoga Postures to Practice for Holistic (Physical, Mental, and Cognitive) Well...
Yoga Postures to Practice for Holistic (Physical, Mental, and Cognitive) Well...Bhoj Raj Singh
油
An ancient System for holistic health (mental and physical) and wellbeing, is a scientific art of living with harmony (connecting) of mind and body. Although much more ancient than Patanjali, who documented yoga systematically about 2000 years ago, Patanjali is often referred to as the "father of modern yoga."
Yoga postures are commonly depicted in ancient paintings, carvings, and sculptures in almost all civilizations and religions, thus Yoga cant be described as an act of Hinduism. It originated long before any religion on Earth, with the emergence of life on the Planet. All yoga poses are natural, and what is not natural is not yoga; it is油Viyoga.
Besides Vedic Yoga, Hatha, Vinyasa, Ashtanga, Iyengar, Yin, Restorative, Kundalini, Bikram, Sahaj, and Power yoga are some popular types.
Vinyasa油Yoga is the closest form to Vedic Yoga; it is known for its flowing movements, not very rigorous, not too much straining, actions flow with the breath.
Though all yoga may lead to meditation (Dhyan) for your inner upliftment, it is not the same as described in Hinduism for self-liberation.
In Hinduism, different paths of life looking distinct but can be practiced all together, they are: Karma Yoga (selfless action and service), Bhakti Yoga (devotion and love for God or Godly power), Jnana (Gyan) Yoga (gaining knowledge for self-realization through wisdom), Dhyan Yoga (meditation) and Kriya Yoga (optimum utilization of your vital and muscular energy).油
Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontie...
Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontie...PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
油
Co-Chairs, Gloria Chiang, MD, and Ana M. Franceschi, MD, PhD, discuss Alzheimers disease in this CME/AAPA activity titled Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontier in Diagnosis and Treatment. For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/43CE1XA. CME/AAPA credit will be available until July 3, 2026.An interesting case of facial Swelling in an autoimmune rheumatic disease Ahm...
An interesting case of facial Swelling in an autoimmune rheumatic disease Ahm...Internal medicine department, faculty of Medicine Beni-Suef University Egypt
油
An interesting case of facial Swelling in an autoimmune rheumatic disease Ahmed Yehia EGYSIR Conference Tuberculosis Nepal 2025 National Plan.pptx
Tuberculosis Nepal 2025 National Plan.pptxDr. Anu Marhatta
油
The presentation contains preventive therapy, the DOTS program, and the national program of Nepal. This material is intended for educational purposes only.Biography and Professional Career of Dr. Seth Eidemiller
Biography and Professional Career of Dr. Seth EidemillerDr. Seth Eidemiller
油
Dr. Seth A. Eidemiller is a board-certified emergency physician whose professional journey began on a fourth-generation dairy farm in Idaho. Early on, he gained experience through farming, wildfire suppression, and construction work, which gave him a strong foundation in practical skills and resilience. After completing degrees in International Studies and Spanish, he returned to Boise to fulfill the prerequisites for medical school and study laboratory sciences. He then attended the University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, and continued his training with a residency in emergency medicine in Fresno. Today, he serves as Vice Chair of the Chico Emergency Medicine Physician Group.Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontie...
Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontie...PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
油
An interesting case of facial Swelling in an autoimmune rheumatic disease Ahm...
An interesting case of facial Swelling in an autoimmune rheumatic disease Ahm...Internal medicine department, faculty of Medicine Beni-Suef University Egypt
油
Ad
Papillary thyroid cancer
- 2. The anatomo-histological structure of Thyroid Gland
- 3. Characteristics of Papillary Thyroid Cancer 80% of TC Common in females Peak onset ages 30-50 Follicular cell genesis Well-differentiated Minimally invasive Lymphogenic spread
- 4. Causes/ Risk Factors Family history/genetic defect maybe involved Radiation Men Older persons AACE/AME/ETA Thyroid Nodule Guidelines, Endocr Pract.2010;16(Suppl1
- 5. Symptoms and Signs Few or no symptoms Small lump(nodule) Painless during palpation
- 6. Exams and Tests History Physical examination US FNA Thyroid function tests
- 7. PTC US Features Hypoechogenicity Inhomogeneous echo pattern Microcalcifications Absence of peripheral halo Irregular borders, blurred margins Often intranodular hypervascularity Regional lymphadenopathy
- 10. Cytology of PTC; Nuclear inclusion.
- 11. Primary treatment No prospective clinical trials have clearly determined the best treatment of patients with PTC Appropiate surgical planning 202 ENDOCRINE PRACTICE Vol. 7 No. 3 May/June 2001
- 14. Adjuvant Therapy Thyroid Hormone-suppresive therapy Radioiodine Remnant Ablation(131J) 202 ENDOCRINE PRACTICE Vol. 7 No. 3 May/June 2001
- 15. M.A.Khachatryan