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PARTS OF X-RAY TUBE

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Rabia Iqbal

X-ray tubes have external and internal parts. External parts include the tube support, glass or metal envelope, and protective housing. Tube supports allow positioning of the heavy x-ray tube and come in ceiling, floor-to-ceiling, and C-arm configurations. The internal glass or metal envelope maintains a vacuum and supports the cathode and anode assemblies. The cathode consists of a tungsten filament and focusing cup that guides electrons. The anode is made of heat-dissipating materials like tungsten and receives electrons, producing x-rays and heat.

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PARTS OF X-RAY TUBE
X-Ray tube comprises of the following two parts: External parts Internal parts
Externalparts Tube support Glass/metal envelop Protective housing
TUBE SUPPORT: X-ray tube and housing assembly are quite heavy ,and therefore require a support mechanism so that the radiologic technologist can position it. There are three methods of x-ray tube support: (a)Ceiling support system. (b)Floor to ceiling support system. (c)C-arm support system.
(a)Ceiling support system: The ceiling support system is probably the most frequently used. It consist of 2 perpendicular sets of ceiling-mounted rails . This allow for both longitudinal and transverse travel of the x-ray tube.
(b)Floor to ceiling support system: The Floor to ceiling support system has a single column with rollers at each end, one attached to a ceiling mounted rail and the other attached to a floor mounted rail. The tube slides up and down the column as the column rotates. A variation of this type of support system has the column positioned on a single floor support system using one or two floor mounted rails.
c)C-arm support system: Interventional radiology suites often are equipped with C-arm support systems, so called because the system is shaped like a letter C. These system are ceiling mounted and provide for very flexible x-ray tube positioning. The image receptor is attached to the other end of the C-arm from the x-ray tube. Variations called L-arm or U-arm support are also common.
Envelope (Glass or metal) : The glass enclosure is made of Pyrex glass. The envelope maintains a vacuum inside the tube to allow more efficient x-ray production and longer tube life. Usually all current high-capacity x-ray tube use metal enclosures. The primary functions of the envelope is to provide support and electrical insulation for the anode and cathode assemblies.
Protective housing
Internal parts: Cathode Anode
Cathode: Cathode is the negative side of the X-ray tube and consists of the following two parts: 1-Filament 2-Focusing cup
1- Filament : Filament is a coil of wire usually 2 mm in diameter and 1 or 2 cm long. The filaments are made of tungsten. Filaments must be able to: Boil off electrons (thermionic emission)
2- Focusing cup: The filament is embedded in a metal cup called the focusing cup. The purpose of the focusing cup is to guide the electron stream to the target area on the anode. Because of the tremendous amount of heat that is generated at the cathode, the structure is made of tungsten which has excellent thermal properties.
The anode is the positive side of the x-ray tube, electricity is conducted and radiates heat and contains the target. The anode must be a good thermal dissipator . Because when the projectile electrons from the cathode interact with the anode, more than 99% of their kinetic energy is converted into heat. This heat must be dissipated quickly. Most common material used is tungsten but Copper, molybdenum, and graphite are also common anode materials. Anode:
PARTS OF X-RAY TUBE

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PARTS OF X-RAY TUBE

  • 2. X-Ray tube comprises of the following two parts: External parts Internal parts
  • 3. Externalparts Tube support Glass/metal envelop Protective housing
  • 4. TUBE SUPPORT: X-ray tube and housing assembly are quite heavy ,and therefore require a support mechanism so that the radiologic technologist can position it. There are three methods of x-ray tube support: (a)Ceiling support system. (b)Floor to ceiling support system. (c)C-arm support system.
  • 5. (a)Ceiling support system: The ceiling support system is probably the most frequently used. It consist of 2 perpendicular sets of ceiling-mounted rails . This allow for both longitudinal and transverse travel of the x-ray tube.
  • 6. (b)Floor to ceiling support system: The Floor to ceiling support system has a single column with rollers at each end, one attached to a ceiling mounted rail and the other attached to a floor mounted rail. The tube slides up and down the column as the column rotates. A variation of this type of support system has the column positioned on a single floor support system using one or two floor mounted rails.
  • 7. c)C-arm support system: Interventional radiology suites often are equipped with C-arm support systems, so called because the system is shaped like a letter C. These system are ceiling mounted and provide for very flexible x-ray tube positioning. The image receptor is attached to the other end of the C-arm from the x-ray tube. Variations called L-arm or U-arm support are also common.
  • 8. Envelope (Glass or metal) : The glass enclosure is made of Pyrex glass. The envelope maintains a vacuum inside the tube to allow more efficient x-ray production and longer tube life. Usually all current high-capacity x-ray tube use metal enclosures. The primary functions of the envelope is to provide support and electrical insulation for the anode and cathode assemblies.
  • 11. Cathode: Cathode is the negative side of the X-ray tube and consists of the following two parts: 1-Filament 2-Focusing cup
  • 12. 1- Filament : Filament is a coil of wire usually 2 mm in diameter and 1 or 2 cm long. The filaments are made of tungsten. Filaments must be able to: Boil off electrons (thermionic emission)
  • 13. 2- Focusing cup: The filament is embedded in a metal cup called the focusing cup. The purpose of the focusing cup is to guide the electron stream to the target area on the anode. Because of the tremendous amount of heat that is generated at the cathode, the structure is made of tungsten which has excellent thermal properties.
  • 14. The anode is the positive side of the x-ray tube, electricity is conducted and radiates heat and contains the target. The anode must be a good thermal dissipator . Because when the projectile electrons from the cathode interact with the anode, more than 99% of their kinetic energy is converted into heat. This heat must be dissipated quickly. Most common material used is tungsten but Copper, molybdenum, and graphite are also common anode materials. Anode: