Passive
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This document provides information about the passive voice in English compared to Spanish. It discusses how passive sentences are formed using the verb "to be" and the past participle. Examples are given of the present, past, and future passive forms. It also discusses how the passive is used to give more importance to the subject or when the agent is unknown. Special cases like causative verbs and double passives are also covered.
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Passive
- 1. passivevoice
- 2. form ACTIVE We send the letters every day Enviamos cartas todos los d鱈as We sent the letters every day Envi叩bamos cartas todos los d鱈as PASSIVE The letters are sent every day. Las cartas son enviadas todos los d鱈as The letters were sent every day. Las cartas eran enviadas todos los d鱈as. The basic passive form is very similar to Spanish.
- 3. Form We form the passive sentence with the verb to be and the past participle (-ed/third column). The tense name indicates the tense of the verb to be. For example: Present simple passive: People make omelettes with eggs Omelettes are made of eggs.
- 4. Past simple passive: They built the church in Rome The church was built in Rome. Future passive: They will consider her suggestion Her suggestion will be considered.
- 5. If the verb has a modal, it modifies the verb to be as well: You must not restart the computer The computer must not be restarted You should clean your room Your room should be cleaned A great writer must have written that poem That poem must have been written by a great writer
- 6. To make interrogatives, you must use the verb to be if the form is simple: The church was built in Rome Was the church built in Rome? But if the auxiliary has two words, we use the first. The school has been cleaned. Has the school been cleaned?
- 7. howweusethepassive 1)Passive sentences are more common in English than in Spanish 2)We use them to give more importance to the passive subject, or because the agent is unknown or irrelevant. 3)We use by to refer to the person doing the action. It can be ommitted. The book was written in 1670 The book was written in 1670 by an Italian poet.
- 8. Howweusethepassive 1)Special verbs : say, think, believe, know, report. a)It is reported that the President will resign tomorrow b)It is believed that the Mona Lisa was a beautiful aristocrat 4) The Spanish expression se is often translated into an English passive. a)Se dice que est叩 enfermo It is said that hes sick b)La Tierra se form坦 hace 4.500 millones de a単os the Earth was formed 4,5 billion years ago
- 9. Doublepassives We make two passive sentences with some verbs. For example: Mr. Johnson sent Martha a letter. A letter was sent to Martha (by Mr. Johnson) Martha was sent a letter (by Mr. Johnson) The Spanish translation will be different: Una carta fue enviada a Martha (por Mr. Johnson). *Marta fue enviada una carta A Marta le enviaron una carta.
- 10. causativeverbs We use have/get + N + participle to express what somebody else does for us. e.g. The mechanic is going to repair Taylors car Taylors going to have her car repaired The past participle goes after the object: I had my hair cut at Jean David. Jake is having his house painted today. get is more informal than have