Pathophysiology
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Smoking and aging are major risk factors for duodenal ulcers. Smoking decreases the secretion of bicarbonate from the pancreas and increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin into the stomach and duodenum. This increases the concentration and activity of acid and pepsin in the digestive tract. The duodenal mucosa cannot withstand the digestive action of hydrochloric acid and pepsin, damaging the mucosa and preventing it from secreting enough mucus to act as a protective barrier against hydrochloric acid. This decreases the resistance of the mucosa and destroys blood vessels, leading to further erosion of the mucosa and pain and bleeding in the abdomen.
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The physical assessment examines the head, scalp, hair, face, eyelids, eyes, ears, mouth, neck, skin, nails, upper extremities, lower extremities, thoracic cavity, and abdomen. For each area, normal findings and actual findings are described and analyzed. The assessment found abnormalities in the skin, with black and blue areas on the lower back, and the abdomen, which was distended with tenderness on palpation. Otherwise, the physical exam was normal with no alterations noted.Ncp.2
Ncp.2hatch_jane
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The document contains multiple sections from nursing notes on different patients. It includes assessments of patients' symptoms and concerns, nursing diagnoses, objectives for interventions, details of interventions provided and their rationales, and evaluations of outcomes. Key information includes patients presenting with anxiety about their health, pain, knowledge deficits, and weight gain related to changes in diet. Nurses addressed these issues through monitoring, education, and lifestyle counseling aimed at reducing anxiety and pain levels, increasing knowledge, and identifying unhealthy eating habits within 8 hours of interventions.Duodenal ulcer
Duodenal ulcerhatch_jane
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Patient X, a 58-year-old grocery store manager, was experiencing abdominal pain several nights a week and occasional discomfort in the afternoon. An endoscopy revealed a peptic ulcer and infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria. He was prescribed medication to reduce stomach acid and instructed to return for another endoscopy in 6 months. Peptic ulcer disease is common in the Philippines and a leading cause of death, especially among those with poor lifestyles. The duodenum is responsible for digesting food using enzymes secreted by the pancreas and bile from the liver and gallbladder.Drug name
Drug namehatch_jane
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This document summarizes four drugs used in combination to treat Helicobacter pylori infection and duodenal ulcers: clarithromycin, omeprazole, amoxicillin, and bismuth subsalicylate. It provides the classification, indication, contraindications, side effects, and important nursing considerations for each drug. The drugs are commonly administered together to eradicate H. pylori bacteria and treat associated gastritis and duodenal ulcers. Nurses should monitor patients for anticipated responses and side effects and educate them about proper administration and potential symptoms like black stools.Dev't task
Dev't taskhatch_jane
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Patient X, a 58-year-old man, has been hospitalized since June 27th. During his hospitalization, he has reminded his daughters to focus on their education and advised his son to live a healthy lifestyle without drinking or smoking. As a person in middle adulthood, Patient X is experiencing the developmental task of generativity versus stagnation, which involves establishing stability and transmitting cultural values to younger generations. An endoscopy found ulceration in Patient X's duodenal area and tested positive for H. pylori infection and damage to the stomach lining.
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Pathophysiology
- 1. VII. Pathophysiology Modifiable Lifestyle SMOKING Non- Modifiable Age Decrease secretionof HCO3 from the pancreas Increase secretionof HCL & pepsinfromthe pancreasintothe gastrodoudenal. Increase concentration/ activityof the acid-pepsin Decrease interference withHCL secretionfrom the pancreasinto duodenum Mucosal damaged occurs Duodenal mucosa cannot withstand the digestive action of the HCL and pepsin Damagedmucosa cannot secrete enoughmucusto act as a barrieragainstHCL
- 2. Duodenal Ulcer Decrease resistance of mucosa Destruction of blood vessels Further mucosal erosion Increase acid in duodenum, Erodes the lesions and stimulates the exposed nerve endings. Bile / pancreatic enzymes reflux from duodenum Abdominal pain Mucosal bleeding