ݺߣ

ݺߣShare a Scribd company logo

الكمبيوتر وتكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات الدرس الثالث.pdf

•
•
Buthainah Hamdy
Buthainah Hamdy

الكمبيوتر وتكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات الدرس الثالث

1 of 12
Download to read offline
‫اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت‬ ‫وﺗﻛﻧوﻟوﺟﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر‬ ‫واﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬ ‫اﻟدرس‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯾﺎت‬ 1
: Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬ (Central Processing unit)CPU ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ‫إﺟﺮاء‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ .‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت‬ ‫أواﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ processor ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن‬ Arithmatic and Logic Unit (ALU) ‫واﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎب‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬-1 Control Unit ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ -2 2
: Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬ (‫)اﺛﺮاﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ - ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ (Processor) ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ (RAM) ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ (ROM) ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ .(Case Computer) ‫ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻰ‬ ،(Motherboard) ‫اﻷم‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 3
(‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺳرﻋﺔ‬-‫اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن‬ ‫)ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎس‬ ‫وﺣدات‬ … A B C) ‫رﻣﺰ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ Byte ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻳﺖ‬ :‫اﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ -١ ( ‫اﻟﺦ‬ ( ‫اﻟﺦ‬ … ! @ # & %) ‫او‬ Byte = 8 bit<< 0 ‫ب‬ bit ‫ال‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺮور‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﺮور‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ bit ‫ال‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮور‬ 1 ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺮور‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪم‬ 0 ,1 ‫أو‬ 4
(‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺳرﻋﺔ‬-‫اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن‬ ‫)ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎس‬ ‫وﺣدات‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻲ‬ Byte ‫ﺒﺎﯾﺖ‬b ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫و‬ (Byte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ 1024 (KByte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬ 1 (KByte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬ 1024 (MByte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺠﺎ‬ 1 (MByte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺠﺎ‬ 1024 (GByte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺠﺎ‬ 1 (GByte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺠﺎ‬ 1024 (TByte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮا‬ 1 5
(‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺳرﻋﺔ‬-‫اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن‬ ‫)ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎس‬ ‫وﺣدات‬ (‫ﻟﻠﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ) ‫اﺛﺮاﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬ 6
(‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺳرﻋﺔ‬-‫اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن‬ ‫)ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎس‬ ‫وﺣدات‬ 7
(‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺳرﻋﺔ‬-‫اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن‬ ‫)ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎس‬ ‫وﺣدات‬ Hz ‫اﻟﻬﯿﺮﺗﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ :‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ -2 (‫)وﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ 1000 ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ : ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬ KHZ HZ / x 1000 1000 8
‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ‬ .‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻬﺎم‬ ‫ﻷداء‬ ‫وﺗﻮﻇﻔﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬-1 Operating systems (Linux -windows) ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت‬-2 Utilities (‫اﻟﻔﯿﺮوﺳﺎت‬ ‫)ﻣﻀﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت‬-4 Applications (‫اﻟﻨﺼﻮص‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺴﯿﻖ‬ ‫)ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ Microsoft office ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬-3 Programming languages (c++ , c#) 9
‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ closed sources programs ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬ open sources programs ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬ ● .‫اﻹﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﻟرﺧﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺑﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣدد‬ ❖ .‫ﻣﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺻورة‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻛون‬ ● ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯾﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺑرﻣﺟﯾن‬ ‫ﺑواﺳطﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻛود‬ ‫ﺗطوﯾر‬ . ‫ﻓﻘط‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﻟﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺟﮭﺔ‬ ❖ ‫ﺗﻌدﯾﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺎح‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻛود‬ .‫وﺗطوﯾره‬ ● ‫رﺧﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺻول‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺻرح‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ . ‫اﻹﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ❖ .‫ﻗﯾود‬ ‫ﺑدون‬ ‫اﻵﺧرﯾن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗوزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺣرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗوﻓر‬ 10
‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎءا‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ Freeware ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺆﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ .‫ﻣﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ Shareware ‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬ ‫اﻹﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ .‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاء‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎء‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮح‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاء‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ( ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ) ............... ‫ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬ . ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ 11
‫اﻟﺑﺷري‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧﺻر‬ ‫راﺑﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﺳﻮف‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ Humanware ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻞ‬ -1 Analyst ‫ﻣﺼﻤﻢ‬-2 Designer ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬-4 User ‫ﻣﺒﺮﻣﺞ‬-3 programmer 12

More Related Content

الكمبيوتر وتكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات الدرس الثالث.pdf

  • 2. : Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬ (Central Processing unit)CPU ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ‫إﺟﺮاء‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ .‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت‬ ‫أواﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ processor ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن‬ Arithmatic and Logic Unit (ALU) ‫واﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎب‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬-1 Control Unit ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ -2 2
  • 3. : Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬ (‫)اﺛﺮاﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ - ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ (Processor) ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ (RAM) ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ (ROM) ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ .(Case Computer) ‫ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻰ‬ ،(Motherboard) ‫اﻷم‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 3
  • 4. (‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺳرﻋﺔ‬-‫اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن‬ ‫)ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎس‬ ‫وﺣدات‬ … A B C) ‫رﻣﺰ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ Byte ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻳﺖ‬ :‫اﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ -١ ( ‫اﻟﺦ‬ ( ‫اﻟﺦ‬ … ! @ # & %) ‫او‬ Byte = 8 bit<< 0 ‫ب‬ bit ‫ال‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺮور‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﺮور‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ bit ‫ال‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮور‬ 1 ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺮور‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪم‬ 0 ,1 ‫أو‬ 4
  • 5. (‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺳرﻋﺔ‬-‫اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن‬ ‫)ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎس‬ ‫وﺣدات‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻲ‬ Byte ‫ﺒﺎﯾﺖ‬b ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫و‬ (Byte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ 1024 (KByte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬ 1 (KByte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬ 1024 (MByte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺠﺎ‬ 1 (MByte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺠﺎ‬ 1024 (GByte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺠﺎ‬ 1 (GByte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺠﺎ‬ 1024 (TByte)‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮا‬ 1 5
  • 6. (‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺳرﻋﺔ‬-‫اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن‬ ‫)ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎس‬ ‫وﺣدات‬ (‫ﻟﻠﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ) ‫اﺛﺮاﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬ 6
  • 8. (‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺳرﻋﺔ‬-‫اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن‬ ‫)ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎس‬ ‫وﺣدات‬ Hz ‫اﻟﻬﯿﺮﺗﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ :‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ -2 (‫)وﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ 1000 ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ : ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬ KHZ HZ / x 1000 1000 8
  • 9. ‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ‬ .‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻬﺎم‬ ‫ﻷداء‬ ‫وﺗﻮﻇﻔﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬-1 Operating systems (Linux -windows) ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت‬-2 Utilities (‫اﻟﻔﯿﺮوﺳﺎت‬ ‫)ﻣﻀﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت‬-4 Applications (‫اﻟﻨﺼﻮص‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺴﯿﻖ‬ ‫)ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ Microsoft office ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬-3 Programming languages (c++ , c#) 9
  • 10. ‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ closed sources programs ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬ open sources programs ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬ ● .‫اﻹﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﻟرﺧﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺑﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣدد‬ ❖ .‫ﻣﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺻورة‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻛون‬ ● ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯾﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺑرﻣﺟﯾن‬ ‫ﺑواﺳطﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻛود‬ ‫ﺗطوﯾر‬ . ‫ﻓﻘط‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﻟﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺟﮭﺔ‬ ❖ ‫ﺗﻌدﯾﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺎح‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻛود‬ .‫وﺗطوﯾره‬ ● ‫رﺧﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺻول‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺻرح‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ . ‫اﻹﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ❖ .‫ﻗﯾود‬ ‫ﺑدون‬ ‫اﻵﺧرﯾن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗوزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺣرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗوﻓر‬ 10
  • 11. ‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎءا‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ Freeware ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺆﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ .‫ﻣﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ Shareware ‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودة‬ ‫اﻹﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ .‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاء‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎء‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮح‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاء‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ( ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ) ............... ‫ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬ . ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ 11
  • 12. ‫اﻟﺑﺷري‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧﺻر‬ ‫راﺑﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﺳﻮف‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ Humanware ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻞ‬ -1 Analyst ‫ﻣﺼﻤﻢ‬-2 Designer ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬-4 User ‫ﻣﺒﺮﻣﺞ‬-3 programmer 12