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Peacekeeping and tech - Walter Dorn

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Montreal Institute For Genocide and Human Rights Studies

1. The document discusses various monitoring technologies that could help support UN peacekeeping operations by increasing the range and accuracy of observation over large areas. 2. It provides examples of low-cost commercial technologies like drones, aerostats, cameras, sensors and software that have applications for peacekeeping monitoring mandates. 3. While the UN has incorporated some monitoring technologies, it lacks overall policies, training and resources to make full use of technologies that could help peacekeepers monitor ceasefires, human rights and other mandates more effectively.

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Peacekeeping Technologies with hands-on demonstration MIGS Professional Training Program on Prevention of Mass Atrocities Dr. Walter Dorn Canadian Forces College & Royal Military College of Canada 16 June 2015
Concern for man himself and his fate [humanity and its fate] should be the chief interest of all technical endeavors. Never forget this in the midst of your diagrams and equations. Albert Einstein
Humanitys concern for humanity Save lives and prevent suffering UN: collective eyes and ears, legs and arms Needed during and post-conflict UN Peace Operations
Traditional peacekeeping The Human Eye ... sometimes aided by binoculars
Monitoring Mandates Cease-fires Peace agreements Protected areas and persons (POC) Elections Human rights Sanctions Armed groups and spoilers (early warning) Resource exploitation Safety & security of UN personnel (dilemma) A MONITORING GAP
Problems of Unaided Monitoring Limited capabilities ... over large areas at night for underground detection in remote/difficult terrain information recording, analyzing, sharing and storage
Peacekeeping and tech - Walter Dorn
Monitoring Technology Increases range and accuracy of observation Permits continuous monitoring Increases effectiveness (including cost-effectiveness in some cases) Decreases intrusiveness Enhances safety of staff in field Provides recordings/evidence
UN experience
Commercial Trends Amazing! Better, cheaper, smaller Converging (one device / many functions) Smartphone: phone, messaging, GIS, internet, touchscreen, innovative apps; Two cameras/video, GPS (satellite) Sensors: accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer (compass), multiple radios, barometer Versatile Adaptable (time, space) Commercialized Military to widespread civilian (COTS) Even toys!
Dr. Walter Dorn, Maxwell Ng and Eric Woolven,
Demonstrable technologies
Demo Technologies Aerial Observation Aerostat Lecture demo Altitude UAV Elevated camera mount Mast/Monopod Ground Sensor (attended/hands on) Land Rover (remote controlled) Laser Rangefinder Ground Sensor (unattended) Live Internet Webcams Conflict Zones (handout) Shatterproof Camera Dome Motion-detector Illuminator Solar power IR Game Camera Acoustic Monitors Other Action Camera Gyroscope (stabilization) Motion Tracking Facetrack Tracking Smartphone (apps) To Order Radio multifunction Solar charger Extra Webcam Software (Yawcam) IR Breakbeam (no demo) IP Camera (no computer needed) Internet backup generator (Brick, wifi via cell phone network, with battery and sensors)
Aerial Observation
First UN UAV December 2013 Falco UAV from Selex ES (Italy) under contract to UN Goma, DRC
Easy to fly iPad/iPhone/Android phone control HD 720p at 30fps camera GPS and gyroscopic stabilization Up to 30 min flight time ~$300 Mini-UAV Parrot Drone
Peacekeeping and tech - Walter Dorn
Weather balloon with nylon cord (up to 400 ft) Helium provides battery-free lift Simple design, easy to use High-altitude frame provides protection Analog or digital feed Time-lapse HD images available $600 Aerostat
Action camera Sports, light (75 g), rugged Full HD, 1080p at 60fps 10 MP photos Photo every 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 30, 60 s F2.8 aperture Ultra-wide angle lens Software can remove fish-eye $ 400GoPro Hero 3
Holding (GoPro) cameras higher 0.502 m to 1.524 m (1.65 ft to 5 ft) in height Rubberized foot 350 g $50 Mast / Monopod
GROUND SENSOR (ATTENDED/HANDS ON)
Reconnaissance Vehicles
iPad controlled With touch screen With accelerometers Illuminators Orientable live camera Uses standard AA batteries Records video Price range: $100 Land Rover Rover 2.0
5 to 550 m range 1 m accuracy 6x optical magnification Eye-safe IR beam Laser pointer possibility $300 Laser rangefinder Nikon Aculon AL11
Low-friction spinning disk No electricity 63 mm diameter 80 g, spinning up to 8000 rpm Provided as toy or scientific Housed in solid compartment $200 Image stabilizer: gyroscope
GROUND SENSORS (UNATTENDED)
3.0 MP resolution Motion activated Wildlife, trespassers Day/night 35 night LED illuminators 10 m nighttime range 0.3 s image after motion detected (1.5 s in sleepmode) ~$100 Infrared camera TruthCam 35
Infrared camera (shots)
Two audio channels Handle and clip for portability 49 MHz signal 600 ft. range Vibration and visual sound levels Low battery signal Price range: $60 Acoustic (baby) monitors Graco audio monitors
Closed-circuit colour TV Shatter-resistant One-way dark or reflective Pan and tilt capabilities Small Deterant to vandals and trespassers Price range: $15600 Dome camera
LED Light 25 m motion-detection 1 or 5 min triggering Runs 2 hours on full charge Common for household security ~$50 Motion-activated solar light
Hundreds of free feeds Cheap to setup, free to view Some remotely controlled by viewer Sound and maps available Price: Internet connection + Webcam ($100) Webcams
Technology Conclusions 1. No technological fix but technology can be of immense value in monitoring, preventing and mitigating conflict. 2. Technical monitoring can increase the safety and security of peacekeepers as well as the effectiveness of the mission.
3. UN lacks the equipment, resources, preparation/training needed for effective and efficient use of modern monitoring technology some monitoring technologies in some missions but ad hoc and unsystematic radars NVE (Gen 2+) no thermal imagers, seismic or acoustic ground sensors platforms: recce vehicles and aircraft absence of policies, doctrine, SOPs and training materials need to re-engage capable contributors
4. UN is capable of incorporating advanced technologies Communications and information technology Carlog GIS progress Commercial satellite imagery Aerial recce in DRC
Convergence Technologies Toys Miniaturization Innovation Robustness Cheaper 5. COTS is advancing fast to the rescue Many peacekeeping applications
Panel on Technology and Innovation in UN Peacekeeping USG assistance Need for technology contributing countries 6. UN is making progress
IF THIS TECHNOLOGY-AIDED PRESENTATION DIDNT WORK FORGET EVERYTHING I SAID!
UN experience
AM FM HFVHFUHF Shortwave Cell phone 0.4 亮m 0.7 亮m IRUVX-Ray Microwave Radio Hard Soft Wi-Fi Wavelength (m) Frequency (Hz) 1021 1020 1019 1018 1017 1016 1015 1014 1013 1012 1011 1010 109 108 107 106 10-13 10-12 10-11 10-10 10-9 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 RadarNear IR Thermal IR -Ray稗 HF 息 W.Dorn ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
EXTRA SLIDES
From the Audience . Social media . Una Hakika IC diplomacy Structure fro motion
Applications and Issues Protection of civilians Peace monitoring Counter-IED Big Brother? Privacy and control
Challenges Timeliness Processing Accuracy Manipulation Info falls into wrong hands
Smart Phone (Samsung Galaxy S5) Camera Still: 16 MP (5312x988 pixels, 1.2 亮m/pixel), autofocus Video: HD (2160p@30fps) Front/read viewing, flash Sensors Accelerometer Barometer Biometric: fingerprint reader; heart rate Compass Gesture GPS Gyro Proximity Light (auto screen brightness, RGB) Phone, Messaging, Email, Internet, Music Touchscreen, voice commands Wifi, Mobile Hotspot, Bluetooth, Tethering, S Beam, USB, etc, Apps
Peacekeeping and tech - Walter Dorn
Apps World Voice recognition Translation
Peacekeeping and tech - Walter Dorn
Samsung S5 Sensors
Heart Rate Sensor - Red LED shoots the light to the users skin. Then the pulse sensor measures the movement of the red blood cells of the capillaries, which is underneath the finger, according to the pulsation, to measure the heart rate by calculating the frequency of the wave per minute. http://global.samsungtomorr ow.com/?p=36031 The Finger Scanner
Smart Phone (Samsung S4) Camera Still: 8 MP (3264x2448 pixels) Video: HD (1080p@30fps) Front/read viewing, flash Sensors Accelerometer Barometer Biometric: fingerprint reader, heart Compass GPS Gyro Proximity Light (auto screen brightness, RGB) Phone, Messaging, Email, Internet, Music Touchscreen, voice commands Wifi, Mobile Hotspot, Bluetooth, Tethering, S Beam, USB, etc, Apps

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Peacekeeping and tech - Walter Dorn

  • 1. Peacekeeping Technologies with hands-on demonstration MIGS Professional Training Program on Prevention of Mass Atrocities Dr. Walter Dorn Canadian Forces College & Royal Military College of Canada 16 June 2015
  • 2. Concern for man himself and his fate [humanity and its fate] should be the chief interest of all technical endeavors. Never forget this in the midst of your diagrams and equations. Albert Einstein
  • 3. Humanitys concern for humanity Save lives and prevent suffering UN: collective eyes and ears, legs and arms Needed during and post-conflict UN Peace Operations
  • 4. Traditional peacekeeping The Human Eye ... sometimes aided by binoculars
  • 5. Monitoring Mandates Cease-fires Peace agreements Protected areas and persons (POC) Elections Human rights Sanctions Armed groups and spoilers (early warning) Resource exploitation Safety & security of UN personnel (dilemma) A MONITORING GAP
  • 6. Problems of Unaided Monitoring Limited capabilities ... over large areas at night for underground detection in remote/difficult terrain information recording, analyzing, sharing and storage
  • 8. Monitoring Technology Increases range and accuracy of observation Permits continuous monitoring Increases effectiveness (including cost-effectiveness in some cases) Decreases intrusiveness Enhances safety of staff in field Provides recordings/evidence
  • 10. Commercial Trends Amazing! Better, cheaper, smaller Converging (one device / many functions) Smartphone: phone, messaging, GIS, internet, touchscreen, innovative apps; Two cameras/video, GPS (satellite) Sensors: accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer (compass), multiple radios, barometer Versatile Adaptable (time, space) Commercialized Military to widespread civilian (COTS) Even toys!
  • 11. Dr. Walter Dorn, Maxwell Ng and Eric Woolven,
  • 13. Demo Technologies Aerial Observation Aerostat Lecture demo Altitude UAV Elevated camera mount Mast/Monopod Ground Sensor (attended/hands on) Land Rover (remote controlled) Laser Rangefinder Ground Sensor (unattended) Live Internet Webcams Conflict Zones (handout) Shatterproof Camera Dome Motion-detector Illuminator Solar power IR Game Camera Acoustic Monitors Other Action Camera Gyroscope (stabilization) Motion Tracking Facetrack Tracking Smartphone (apps) To Order Radio multifunction Solar charger Extra Webcam Software (Yawcam) IR Breakbeam (no demo) IP Camera (no computer needed) Internet backup generator (Brick, wifi via cell phone network, with battery and sensors)
  • 15. First UN UAV December 2013 Falco UAV from Selex ES (Italy) under contract to UN Goma, DRC
  • 16. Easy to fly iPad/iPhone/Android phone control HD 720p at 30fps camera GPS and gyroscopic stabilization Up to 30 min flight time ~$300 Mini-UAV Parrot Drone
  • 18. Weather balloon with nylon cord (up to 400 ft) Helium provides battery-free lift Simple design, easy to use High-altitude frame provides protection Analog or digital feed Time-lapse HD images available $600 Aerostat
  • 19. Action camera Sports, light (75 g), rugged Full HD, 1080p at 60fps 10 MP photos Photo every 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 30, 60 s F2.8 aperture Ultra-wide angle lens Software can remove fish-eye $ 400GoPro Hero 3
  • 20. Holding (GoPro) cameras higher 0.502 m to 1.524 m (1.65 ft to 5 ft) in height Rubberized foot 350 g $50 Mast / Monopod
  • 23. iPad controlled With touch screen With accelerometers Illuminators Orientable live camera Uses standard AA batteries Records video Price range: $100 Land Rover Rover 2.0
  • 24. 5 to 550 m range 1 m accuracy 6x optical magnification Eye-safe IR beam Laser pointer possibility $300 Laser rangefinder Nikon Aculon AL11
  • 25. Low-friction spinning disk No electricity 63 mm diameter 80 g, spinning up to 8000 rpm Provided as toy or scientific Housed in solid compartment $200 Image stabilizer: gyroscope
  • 27. 3.0 MP resolution Motion activated Wildlife, trespassers Day/night 35 night LED illuminators 10 m nighttime range 0.3 s image after motion detected (1.5 s in sleepmode) ~$100 Infrared camera TruthCam 35
  • 29. Two audio channels Handle and clip for portability 49 MHz signal 600 ft. range Vibration and visual sound levels Low battery signal Price range: $60 Acoustic (baby) monitors Graco audio monitors
  • 30. Closed-circuit colour TV Shatter-resistant One-way dark or reflective Pan and tilt capabilities Small Deterant to vandals and trespassers Price range: $15600 Dome camera
  • 31. LED Light 25 m motion-detection 1 or 5 min triggering Runs 2 hours on full charge Common for household security ~$50 Motion-activated solar light
  • 32. Hundreds of free feeds Cheap to setup, free to view Some remotely controlled by viewer Sound and maps available Price: Internet connection + Webcam ($100) Webcams
  • 33. Technology Conclusions 1. No technological fix but technology can be of immense value in monitoring, preventing and mitigating conflict. 2. Technical monitoring can increase the safety and security of peacekeepers as well as the effectiveness of the mission.
  • 34. 3. UN lacks the equipment, resources, preparation/training needed for effective and efficient use of modern monitoring technology some monitoring technologies in some missions but ad hoc and unsystematic radars NVE (Gen 2+) no thermal imagers, seismic or acoustic ground sensors platforms: recce vehicles and aircraft absence of policies, doctrine, SOPs and training materials need to re-engage capable contributors
  • 35. 4. UN is capable of incorporating advanced technologies Communications and information technology Carlog GIS progress Commercial satellite imagery Aerial recce in DRC
  • 36. Convergence Technologies Toys Miniaturization Innovation Robustness Cheaper 5. COTS is advancing fast to the rescue Many peacekeeping applications
  • 37. Panel on Technology and Innovation in UN Peacekeeping USG assistance Need for technology contributing countries 6. UN is making progress
  • 38. IF THIS TECHNOLOGY-AIDED PRESENTATION DIDNT WORK FORGET EVERYTHING I SAID!
  • 40. AM FM HFVHFUHF Shortwave Cell phone 0.4 亮m 0.7 亮m IRUVX-Ray Microwave Radio Hard Soft Wi-Fi Wavelength (m) Frequency (Hz) 1021 1020 1019 1018 1017 1016 1015 1014 1013 1012 1011 1010 109 108 107 106 10-13 10-12 10-11 10-10 10-9 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 RadarNear IR Thermal IR -Ray稗 HF 息 W.Dorn ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
  • 42. From the Audience . Social media . Una Hakika IC diplomacy Structure fro motion
  • 43. Applications and Issues Protection of civilians Peace monitoring Counter-IED Big Brother? Privacy and control
  • 44. Challenges Timeliness Processing Accuracy Manipulation Info falls into wrong hands
  • 45. Smart Phone (Samsung Galaxy S5) Camera Still: 16 MP (5312x988 pixels, 1.2 亮m/pixel), autofocus Video: HD (2160p@30fps) Front/read viewing, flash Sensors Accelerometer Barometer Biometric: fingerprint reader; heart rate Compass Gesture GPS Gyro Proximity Light (auto screen brightness, RGB) Phone, Messaging, Email, Internet, Music Touchscreen, voice commands Wifi, Mobile Hotspot, Bluetooth, Tethering, S Beam, USB, etc, Apps
  • 47. Apps World Voice recognition Translation
  • 50. Heart Rate Sensor - Red LED shoots the light to the users skin. Then the pulse sensor measures the movement of the red blood cells of the capillaries, which is underneath the finger, according to the pulsation, to measure the heart rate by calculating the frequency of the wave per minute. http://global.samsungtomorr ow.com/?p=36031 The Finger Scanner
  • 51. Smart Phone (Samsung S4) Camera Still: 8 MP (3264x2448 pixels) Video: HD (1080p@30fps) Front/read viewing, flash Sensors Accelerometer Barometer Biometric: fingerprint reader, heart Compass GPS Gyro Proximity Light (auto screen brightness, RGB) Phone, Messaging, Email, Internet, Music Touchscreen, voice commands Wifi, Mobile Hotspot, Bluetooth, Tethering, S Beam, USB, etc, Apps