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Perception

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ShrikantSharma86

Perception is the process of interpreting sensory information, like what we see or hear, and using that information to form judgments. There are four main stages to the perceptual process: 1. Receiving involves collecting information through the senses. 2. Selecting means choosing some information to focus on, influenced by both external factors like movement and internal factors like experience. 3. Organizing groups and connects the selected information in a meaningful way, such as grouping similar things together. 4. Interpreting gives meaning to the organized information by categorizing it or forming an idea about it based on needs and interests.

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PERCEPTION  Perception is an intellectual process of transforming sensory stimuli to meaningful information.  It is the process of interpreting something that we see or hear in our mind and use it later to judge and give an opinion on a situation, to person, to group etc. Perceptual Process Perceptual process are the different stages of perception we go through. The different stages are −  Receiving  Selecting  Organizing  Interpreting Receiving Receiving is the first and most important stage in the process of perception. It is the initial stage in which a person collects all information and receives the information through the sense organs. Selecting Selecting is the second stage in the process. Here a person doesn’t receive the data randomly but selectively. A person selects some information out of all in accordance with his interest or needs. The selection of data is dominated by various external and internal factors.  External factors − The factors that influence the perception of an individual externally are intensity, size, contrast, movement, repetition, familiarity, and novelty.  Internal factors − The factors that influence the perception of an individual internally are psychological requirements, learning, background, experience, self-acceptance, and interest.
Organizing Organizing the bits of information into a meaningful whole is called "organization". There are three ways by which the selected data, i.e., inputs are organized. These are: (i) Grouping, (ii) Closure and (iii) Simplification. (i) Grouping: In grouping, the perceiver groups the various stimuli on the basis of their similarity or proximity. For example, all the workers coming from the same place may be perceived as similar on the basis of proximity. (ii) Closure: When faced with incomplete information, people fill up the gaps themselves to make the information meaningful. This may be done on the basis of past experience, past data, or hunches. For example, in many advertisement, alphabets are written by putting electric bulbs indicating the shape of the concerned alphabets but broken lines. In such cases, people tend to fill up the gap among different bulbs to get meaning out of these. (iii) Simplification: People identify main stimulus features and assesses how they are organized. He interprets a stimulus situation, the perceiver simples the information. Interpreting Finally, we have the process of interpreting which means forming an idea about a particular object depending upon the need or interest. Interpretation means that the information we have sensed and organized, is finally given a meaning by turning it into something that can be categorized. It includes stereotyping, halo effect etc.

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Perception

  • 1. PERCEPTION  Perception is an intellectual process of transforming sensory stimuli to meaningful information.  It is the process of interpreting something that we see or hear in our mind and use it later to judge and give an opinion on a situation, to person, to group etc. Perceptual Process Perceptual process are the different stages of perception we go through. The different stages are − ï‚· Receiving ï‚· Selecting ï‚· Organizing ï‚· Interpreting Receiving Receiving is the first and most important stage in the process of perception. It is the initial stage in which a person collects all information and receives the information through the sense organs. Selecting Selecting is the second stage in the process. Here a person doesn’t receive the data randomly but selectively. A person selects some information out of all in accordance with his interest or needs. The selection of data is dominated by various external and internal factors. ï‚· External factors − The factors that influence the perception of an individual externally are intensity, size, contrast, movement, repetition, familiarity, and novelty. ï‚· Internal factors − The factors that influence the perception of an individual internally are psychological requirements, learning, background, experience, self-acceptance, and interest.
  • 2. Organizing Organizing the bits of information into a meaningful whole is called "organization". There are three ways by which the selected data, i.e., inputs are organized. These are: (i) Grouping, (ii) Closure and (iii) Simplification. (i) Grouping: In grouping, the perceiver groups the various stimuli on the basis of their similarity or proximity. For example, all the workers coming from the same place may be perceived as similar on the basis of proximity. (ii) Closure: When faced with incomplete information, people fill up the gaps themselves to make the information meaningful. This may be done on the basis of past experience, past data, or hunches. For example, in many advertisement, alphabets are written by putting electric bulbs indicating the shape of the concerned alphabets but broken lines. In such cases, people tend to fill up the gap among different bulbs to get meaning out of these. (iii) Simplification: People identify main stimulus features and assesses how they are organized. He interprets a stimulus situation, the perceiver simples the information. Interpreting Finally, we have the process of interpreting which means forming an idea about a particular object depending upon the need or interest. Interpretation means that the information we have sensed and organized, is finally given a meaning by turning it into something that can be categorized. It includes stereotyping, halo effect etc.