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Periodic trends

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Tia Hohler
Tia Hohler

The periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number. Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids. The periodic table is divided into vertical columns called groups and horizontal rows called periods. Periodic trends show how atomic properties change across the table. Atomic size increases down a group and decreases left to right, while ionization energy decreases down a group and increases left to right. Electronegativity decreases down a group and increases left to right.

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Periodic Trends Note Guide
How is the periodic table arranged? The modern periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number (protons).
Classes of elements Metals 80% of the table! Solids at room temperature (except for Mercury) Nonmetals Most are gases (except for Sulfur, Phosphorus, Bromine) Metalloids Similar properties to both metals and nonmetals depending on the conditions
Periods and Groups The vertical columns are called groups The horizontal rows are called periods
The Representative Elements Groups For 1A 7A these elements the group number represents the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level
Periodic Trends Atomic size (Distance between nuclei) Increases from top to bottom (energy levels increase) Decreases from left to right (electrons get pulled closer to the nucleus)
Periodic Trends Ionization energy (energy required to remove one electron) Decrease from top to bottom Increases from left to right (more attraction to nucleus makes it harder to get that electron out!)
Periodic Trends _Ionic Size (size of a charged atom) Cations (+) are always smaller than the atom from which they form Anions (-) are always larger than the atoms from which they form Increases from top to bottom Decreases from left to right
Periodic Trends Electronegativity (ability of an atom to attract electrons when in a compound) Decreases from top to bottom Increases from left to right
Vocabulary Cards Periodic Table Metal Nonmetal Metalloid Energy Level Ionization Energy Cation Anion Electronegativity Valence Electrons
POST IT UP How is electronegativity related to how an element will react in a chemical compound? I S! TH OT IG IN EE DH EL P!

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Periodic trends

  • 2. How is the periodic table arranged? The modern periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number (protons).
  • 3. Classes of elements Metals 80% of the table! Solids at room temperature (except for Mercury) Nonmetals Most are gases (except for Sulfur, Phosphorus, Bromine) Metalloids Similar properties to both metals and nonmetals depending on the conditions
  • 4. Periods and Groups The vertical columns are called groups The horizontal rows are called periods
  • 5. The Representative Elements Groups For 1A 7A these elements the group number represents the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level
  • 6. Periodic Trends Atomic size (Distance between nuclei) Increases from top to bottom (energy levels increase) Decreases from left to right (electrons get pulled closer to the nucleus)
  • 7. Periodic Trends Ionization energy (energy required to remove one electron) Decrease from top to bottom Increases from left to right (more attraction to nucleus makes it harder to get that electron out!)
  • 8. Periodic Trends _Ionic Size (size of a charged atom) Cations (+) are always smaller than the atom from which they form Anions (-) are always larger than the atoms from which they form Increases from top to bottom Decreases from left to right
  • 9. Periodic Trends Electronegativity (ability of an atom to attract electrons when in a compound) Decreases from top to bottom Increases from left to right
  • 10. Vocabulary Cards Periodic Table Metal Nonmetal Metalloid Energy Level Ionization Energy Cation Anion Electronegativity Valence Electrons
  • 11. POST IT UP How is electronegativity related to how an element will react in a chemical compound? I S! TH OT IG IN EE DH EL P!