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- simply means “universe”
- an orderly or harmonious universe
- a set of relationships between people and the
Earth
STEWARDSHIP – the duties and obligations
management of something entrusted to ones’
care
COSMOS

ANAXIMANDER
? Nature without
boundaries (infinite)
? 1st
Philosopher
develop a cosmology
or the systematic
philosophical view of
the world
? Everything emanated
from apieron

PYTHAGORAS
? World is the
embodiment of
natures order harmony
and beauty
? Biophilia – love of
other things
? Cosmophilia – love of
other beings

Theocentric (God-centered) in medieval
period
? Nature with many things
? Encompasses the inmost essence of
something and those things in the world
that are nonhuman
3 Kingdoms of Nature
1. Animal
2. Vegetable
3. Mineral

IMMANUEL KANT
? Man’s relationship with
nature
? A symbol of morality
? man must contemplate
the objects by not
being distracted by
one’s tendencies and
motives that might
disparage the
beautiful

IMMANUEL KANT
? moves us to the
understanding of the
larger design where
nature and humanity
are embraced
? It is the sense of
cosmic harmony – the
order and harmony of
nature with our
faculties

HERBERT MARCUSE
? nature is under the
dominance of
humanity
? we must be conscious
of our attitude and the
way we think of the
cosmos.
? the change of attitude
towards the
environment also
changes the way we
deal with the latter

HERBERT MARCUSE
? the way we see the
world impacts how we
act and react on the
things around us

DEFINING HUMANITY’S
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE
ENVIRONMENT
It is the discipline in
philosophy that studies
human beings’ moral
relationship with the
environment and its non-
human contents (Abella,
2016)

1. All nonhuman elements of the world,
including animals and natural resources,
have intrinsic value and should be preserved.
2. The preservation of the environment will
benefit humans by providing for the needs of
present and future generations.
3. Humankind has a responsibility to
safeguard the planet as stewards of creation.
THREE IDEAS THAT UPHOLDS THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
PHILOSOPHY/ETHICS

Person and Environment Relationship.pptx

Anthropocentrism Ecocentrism Biocentrism

? From Ancient Gk. Words
“antropos” – human being;
“kentron” – center
? Human beings are the central
or most important entity in the
universe
? Humans are free to transform
nature and its resources
Anthropocentrism

? From Gk. Words “oikos” –
house; “kentron” – center
? Indicate as a nature-centered
? Highlights that all living
beings have essential value
? It centered on all living
organisms
Ecocentrism

? From Gk. Words “bios” – life;
“kentron” – center
? Include all environmental ethics,
extend the status of moral
object from human beings to all
living things in nature
? Highlights the value and rights
of living individuals, considering
the moral priority should be
given to the survival of
individual living beings
Biocentrism

Humanity
and the
Order of
Nature

- focuses on philosophical issues concerning
appreciation of the world at large as it is
constituted not simply by particular objects
but also by environments themselves.
ENVIRONMENTAL
AESTHETICS

Concern for the
environment and
particularly actions
or advocacy to limit
negative human
impacts on the
environment.
ENVIROMENTALISM

- people’s moral
responsibilities towards
nature
- consequences of
human activities and
social issues affecting
the environment
ENVIROMENTAL
ETHICS

OTHER VIEWS IN ENVIROMENTAL
ETHICS

CLIMATE ETHICS & CLIMATE
JUSTICE
Arose from growing concern with
climate change, and consider it a
significant ethical, social and
political issue.
CLIMATE ETHICS AND
CLIMATE JUSTICE

ENVIROMENTAL
JUSTICE
- Refers to the distribution of
environmental benefits, and the
burden of meeting environmental
challenges.
- emphasize equity and
meaningful involvement of
communities and governments in
addressing through planning and
implementing environmental
policies, problems arising from the
environment like the inadequate
access to a healthy food, air and
water pollution and unsafe homes,
etc.

- the ability to maintain an
ecological balance in our
planet’s natural environment
and conserve natural resources
to support the wellbeing of
current and future generations.
- making decisions and taking
actions that are in the interests
of protecting the natural world,
with particular emphasis on
preserving the capability of the
environment to support human
life.

3 Principles of Sustainability
1. Environmental integrity – calls to
maintain the environment’s
state without being
destroyed by human
activities.

2. Economic efficiency – underlies the
value of prudence in
making decisions in the use
of natural resources.
- simply “avoid
wastes”

3. Equity – underlies the efficient use
of natural resources
conserving the latter for
the future.

Values in Caring the Environment
1. Prudence – is all about self-
regulation. To regulate our
actions and behavior
2. Frugality – to be mindful of what
we need. It means to be
thrifty.

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