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Personality Disorder

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Mas Gie
Mas Gie

Personality disorders are characterized by chronic and rigid patterns of relating to others that cause social and occupational problems. There are 10 personality disorders classified into 3 clusters. Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal disorders marked by social avoidance. Cluster B includes histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, and antisocial disorders marked by dramatic emotions. Cluster C includes avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and dependent disorders marked by anxiety. Treatment may involve psychotherapy and medication to treat associated symptoms.

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Personality Disorder (PDs)
Personality Disorder
Characteristic ? Individual with PDs show: - chronic - lifelong - rigid - unsuitable patterns of relating with others ? that cause social & occupational problems
Con¨t (2) ? Person with PDs - generally are not aware that they are the cause of their own problems - do not have frank psychotic symptoms - do not seek psychiatric help
Classification The DSM-IV-TR into (DSM-5):
Classification The DSM-IV-TR into (DSM-5): Cluster A: - Paranoid - Schizoid - Schizotypal Cluster B: - Histrionic - Narcissistic - Borderline - Antisocial Cluster C: - Avoidant - Obsessive- Compulsive - Dependent
ICD -10 ? Paranoid ? Schizoid ? Dissocial ? Emotional unstable: impulsive borderline ? Histrionic ? Anankastic ? Anxious (avoidant) ? Dependent
Cluster A Hallmark: Avoids social relationships, is ＾peculiar￣ but not psychotic Genetic or familial association: Psychotic illnesses Paranoid: distrustful, suspicious, litigious, attributes responsibility for own problems to others Schizoid:long-standing pattern of voluntary social withdrawal Schizotypal: peculiar appearance, magical thinking, odd thought patterns & behaviour
Personality Disorder
Cluster B Hallmark: Dramatic, emotional, inconsistent Genetic of familial association: mood disorders & substance abuse Histrionic: Theatrical, extroverted, emotional, sexually provocative, ＾life of the party￣, In men, ＾Don Juan￣ dress & behaviour Cannot maintain intimate relationships Narcissistic: Pompous, with a sense of special entitlement Lacks empathy for others
Con¨t´. Cluster B Antisocial: Refuses to conform to social norms & shows no concern for others Associated with conduct disorder in childhood & criminal behavior in adulthood (＾psychopaths￣ or ＾sociopaths￣) Borderline: Erratic, impulsive, unstable behavior & mood Feeling bored, alone & ＾empty￣ Suicide attempts for relatively trivial reasons Self-mutilation Mini-psychotic episodes
Personality Disorder
Cluster C Hallmark : Fearful, anxious Genetic or familial association: anxiety disorders Avoidant: Sensitive to rejection, socially withdrawn Feelings of inferiority Obsessive-compulsive: Perfectionistic, orderly, inflexible Indecisive Dependent: Allows other people to make decisions & assume responsibilty for them Poor self-confidence
Personality Disorder
Con¨t´.cluster C Passive-aggressive: Procrastina & is inefficient Shows outward compliance, but feels inward defiance Note: - Emotionally unstable Tendency to act impulsively without consideration of the consequences, together with affective instability. Easily precipitated when impulsive acts are criticized or thwarted by others.
Treatment ? For those who seek help, individual & group psychotherapy may be useful ? Pharmacotherapy can also be used to treat symptoms such as depression & anxiety that may be associated with the PDs.

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Personality Disorder

  • 3. Characteristic ? Individual with PDs show: - chronic - lifelong - rigid - unsuitable patterns of relating with others ? that cause social & occupational problems
  • 4. Con¨t (2) ? Person with PDs - generally are not aware that they are the cause of their own problems - do not have frank psychotic symptoms - do not seek psychiatric help
  • 6. Classification The DSM-IV-TR into (DSM-5): Cluster A: - Paranoid - Schizoid - Schizotypal Cluster B: - Histrionic - Narcissistic - Borderline - Antisocial Cluster C: - Avoidant - Obsessive- Compulsive - Dependent
  • 7. ICD -10 ? Paranoid ? Schizoid ? Dissocial ? Emotional unstable: impulsive borderline ? Histrionic ? Anankastic ? Anxious (avoidant) ? Dependent
  • 8. Cluster A Hallmark: Avoids social relationships, is ＾peculiar￣ but not psychotic Genetic or familial association: Psychotic illnesses Paranoid: distrustful, suspicious, litigious, attributes responsibility for own problems to others Schizoid:long-standing pattern of voluntary social withdrawal Schizotypal: peculiar appearance, magical thinking, odd thought patterns & behaviour
  • 10. Cluster B Hallmark: Dramatic, emotional, inconsistent Genetic of familial association: mood disorders & substance abuse Histrionic: Theatrical, extroverted, emotional, sexually provocative, ＾life of the party￣, In men, ＾Don Juan￣ dress & behaviour Cannot maintain intimate relationships Narcissistic: Pompous, with a sense of special entitlement Lacks empathy for others
  • 11. Con¨t´. Cluster B Antisocial: Refuses to conform to social norms & shows no concern for others Associated with conduct disorder in childhood & criminal behavior in adulthood (＾psychopaths￣ or ＾sociopaths￣) Borderline: Erratic, impulsive, unstable behavior & mood Feeling bored, alone & ＾empty￣ Suicide attempts for relatively trivial reasons Self-mutilation Mini-psychotic episodes
  • 13. Cluster C Hallmark : Fearful, anxious Genetic or familial association: anxiety disorders Avoidant: Sensitive to rejection, socially withdrawn Feelings of inferiority Obsessive-compulsive: Perfectionistic, orderly, inflexible Indecisive Dependent: Allows other people to make decisions & assume responsibilty for them Poor self-confidence
  • 15. Con¨t´.cluster C Passive-aggressive: Procrastina & is inefficient Shows outward compliance, but feels inward defiance Note: - Emotionally unstable Tendency to act impulsively without consideration of the consequences, together with affective instability. Easily precipitated when impulsive acts are criticized or thwarted by others.
  • 16. Treatment ? For those who seek help, individual & group psychotherapy may be useful ? Pharmacotherapy can also be used to treat symptoms such as depression & anxiety that may be associated with the PDs.