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Pharmacologic_Management_of_Hypertension.pptx

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Akhil Sagar
Akhil Sagar

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease and can damage the kidneys, heart, and brain if left untreated. There are several classes of drugs used to treat hypertension, including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers. Amlodipine is a commonly used long-acting calcium channel blocker and first-line treatment for hypertension that works by blocking calcium channels and causing vasodilation. Adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs can include hypotension, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, dry cough, and headache.

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z Pharmacologic Management of Hypertension Presented by Sadu MadhuRoshini
z HYPERTENSION:  Most common cardiovascular disease  Effects of raised blood pressure  Kidney- renal failure  heart-coronary disease  Brain-stroke
z ANTI HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS CLASSIFICATION: Diuretics:  Hydrochlorthiazide, furosemide. Direct Vasodilators.  Hydralazine, sodium nitroprusside. ACE inhibitor: Enalapril Angiotensin II antagonists: Losartan Beta blockers:  Labetalol, propranolol. Calcium channel blockers:  Amplodipine
z Diuretics: Furosemide:  Is used to chronic renal failure, congestive heart failure. Hydrochlorothiazide:  Mild anti hypertensive.  In combination with other anti hypertensives.  Potentiates other anti-hypertensives. Adverse effects Hydrochlorothiazide: Hypokalemia Furosemide: acute saline depletion, Hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia
z Calcium channel blockers:  Amplodipine,Nifedipine,Felodipine,Nitrendipine,clinidipine.  Acts by blocking calcium channels present in smooth muscles of blood vessels.  Leads to vasodilatation and decrease in blood pressure. Amlodipine:long acting  First line drug for hypertension  Monotherapy or combination therapy Adverse effects Hypotension Headache, drowsiness Nausea, abdominal pain
z ACE inhibitors:  Captopril,enalapril,fosinopril,ramipril.  Acts by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme. Adverse effects:  Dry cough  Hyperkalemia  Hypotension  Tachycardia Angiotensin II anatgonists:  Includes losartan,valsartan,telmisartan,olmesartan  Acts by blocking Angiotension receptors(AT1)  Effects of (AT2) preserved
z
z Thank you  Reference:  HARRISON’S PRINCIPLES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

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Pharmacologic_Management_of_Hypertension.pptx

  • 2. z HYPERTENSION:  Most common cardiovascular disease  Effects of raised blood pressure  Kidney- renal failure  heart-coronary disease  Brain-stroke
  • 3. z ANTI HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS CLASSIFICATION: Diuretics:  Hydrochlorthiazide, furosemide. Direct Vasodilators.  Hydralazine, sodium nitroprusside. ACE inhibitor: Enalapril Angiotensin II antagonists: Losartan Beta blockers:  Labetalol, propranolol. Calcium channel blockers:  Amplodipine
  • 4. z Diuretics: Furosemide:  Is used to chronic renal failure, congestive heart failure. Hydrochlorothiazide:  Mild anti hypertensive.  In combination with other anti hypertensives.  Potentiates other anti-hypertensives. Adverse effects Hydrochlorothiazide: Hypokalemia Furosemide: acute saline depletion, Hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia
  • 5. z Calcium channel blockers:  Amplodipine,Nifedipine,Felodipine,Nitrendipine,clinidipine.  Acts by blocking calcium channels present in smooth muscles of blood vessels.  Leads to vasodilatation and decrease in blood pressure. Amlodipine:long acting  First line drug for hypertension  Monotherapy or combination therapy Adverse effects Hypotension Headache, drowsiness Nausea, abdominal pain
  • 6. z ACE inhibitors:  Captopril,enalapril,fosinopril,ramipril.  Acts by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme. Adverse effects:  Dry cough  Hyperkalemia  Hypotension  Tachycardia Angiotensin II anatgonists:  Includes losartan,valsartan,telmisartan,olmesartan  Acts by blocking Angiotension receptors(AT1)  Effects of (AT2) preserved
  • 7. z
  • 8. z Thank you  Reference:  HARRISON’S PRINCIPLES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE