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Philippine Constitution Revised

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This document provides an introduction to studying the Philippine Constitution. It discusses why understanding the Constitution is important for citizenship and education. It defines key concepts like the state, government, sovereignty, and the elements that make up a state including the people, territory, and government. It also outlines different theories on the origin of the state and different forms of government based on who exercises power, the extent of central government powers, and the relationship between the executive and legislative branches.

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PhilippineConstitutionAn Introduction
Why is it necessary to study the Constitution?Education for citizenshipEssential part of liberal educationKnowledge and understanding of government
Concept of State and GovernmentState – a community of persons more or less numerous permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of its own to which the great body of inhabitants renders obedience, and and enjoying freedom from external control
1. People – mass of population living within the stateElements of the State
Elements of the State2. Territory – fixed portion of the surface of the earth inhabited by the people of the state
Elements of the State3. Government – agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out
4. Sovereignty – the supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience 2 ManifestationsExternal sovereignty
Internal sovereigntyElements of the State
1. Divine Right Theory – holds that the state is of divine creation and the ruler is ordained by God to govern the peopleOrigin of the State
2. Necessity or force theory – maintains that states must have been created through forceOrigin of the State
3. Paternalistic theory – attributes the origin of states to the enlargement of the familyOrigin of the State
Origin of the State4. Social Contract theory – asserts that the early states must have been formed by deliberate and voluntary compact among people to form a government of their own
As to the number of the persons exercising sovereign power: a. Monarchy – the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person. It is further classified into: absolute monarchy and limited monarchy. b. Aristocracy – the political power is exercised by the few priviledged class c. Democracy – the political power is exercised by the majority of people. It is futher classified into two: direct or pure democracy and indirect or representative democracyForms of Government
As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national government a. Unitary Government – the control of national and local affairs is exercised by the central or national government b. Federal Government – the powers of government are divided between two sets of organs, one for national affairs and the other for local affairs

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Philippine Constitution Revised

  • 2. Why is it necessary to study the Constitution?Education for citizenshipEssential part of liberal educationKnowledge and understanding of government
  • 3. Concept of State and GovernmentState – a community of persons more or less numerous permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of its own to which the great body of inhabitants renders obedience, and and enjoying freedom from external control
  • 4. 1. People – mass of population living within the stateElements of the State
  • 5. Elements of the State2. Territory – fixed portion of the surface of the earth inhabited by the people of the state
  • 6. Elements of the State3. Government – agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out
  • 7. 4. Sovereignty – the supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience 2 ManifestationsExternal sovereignty
  • 9. 1. Divine Right Theory – holds that the state is of divine creation and the ruler is ordained by God to govern the peopleOrigin of the State
  • 10. 2. Necessity or force theory – maintains that states must have been created through forceOrigin of the State
  • 11. 3. Paternalistic theory – attributes the origin of states to the enlargement of the familyOrigin of the State
  • 12. Origin of the State4. Social Contract theory – asserts that the early states must have been formed by deliberate and voluntary compact among people to form a government of their own
  • 13. As to the number of the persons exercising sovereign power: a. Monarchy – the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person. It is further classified into: absolute monarchy and limited monarchy. b. Aristocracy – the political power is exercised by the few priviledged class c. Democracy – the political power is exercised by the majority of people. It is futher classified into two: direct or pure democracy and indirect or representative democracyForms of Government
  • 14. As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national government a. Unitary Government – the control of national and local affairs is exercised by the central or national government b. Federal Government – the powers of government are divided between two sets of organs, one for national affairs and the other for local affairs
  • 15. As to the relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of government a. Parliamentary – the state confers upon the legislature the power to terminate the tenure of office of the real executive b. Presidential – the state makes the executive constituionally independent of the legislative
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