This document defines Philippine literature and discusses its various forms and genres. It begins by defining literature as the expression of human ideas, thoughts, and emotions. It then discusses the different types of prose like novels, short stories, plays, legends, and essays. It also outlines the major types of poetry like narrative, lyric, and dramatic poetry. Within these categories it provides examples of specific genres like epics, ballads, sonnets, odes, and tragedies. The document aims to comprehensively outline the forms and concepts within Philippine literature.
2. Definition of Literature
Some loosely interpret literature as any
printed matter written within a book, a
magazine or a pamphlet. Others define
literature as a faithful reproduction of mans
manifold experiences blended into one
harmonious expression.
3. Because literature deals with ideas, thoughts and emotions of
man, literature can be said to be the story of man. Mans
loves, griefs, thoughts, dreams and aspirations coached in
beautiful language is literature.
Brother Azurin, said that literature expresses the feelings of
people to society, to the government, to his surroundings, to
his fellowmen and to his Divine Creator.The expression of
ones feelings, according to him, may be through love, sorrow,
happiness, hatred, anger, pity, contempt or revenge.
4. ForWebster, literature is anything that is printed as long as
it is related to the ideas and feeling s of people, whether it
is true, or just a product of ones imagination.
In PANITIKANG PILOPINO written by Atienza, Ramos,
Salazar and Nazal, it says that true literature is a piece of
written work which is undying. It expresses the feelings and
emotions of people in response to his everyday efforts to
live, to be happy in his environment and, after struggles, to
reach his Creator.
5. Why We Need to Study Phil. Lit?
So that we can better appreciate our literary heritage
So that well understand that we have a great and noble
tradition which can serve as the means to assimilate
other cultures
So that well realize our literary limitations conditioned
by certain historical factors and we can take steps to
overcome them.
6. Time Frames of Philippine Literature in English
The Period of Re-orientation (1898-1910)
Period of Imitation(1910-1925)
Period of Self-Discovery (1925-1941)
Japanese Period (1941-1945)
The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)
Period of Activism (1970-1972)
Period of the New Society (1972-1981)
Period of theThird Republic (1981-1985)
Contemporary Period (1986-)
22. 1. Novel
This is a long narrative divided into
chapters.The events are taken from
true-to-life stories and spans a long
period of time.There are many
characters involved.
23. 2. Short Story
This is a narrative involving one or
more characters, one plot and one
single impression.
24. 3. Plays
This is presented on stage, is
divided into acts and each act has
many scenes.
26. 5. Fables
These are also fictitious and they deal
with animals and inanimate things who
speak and act like people and their
purpose is to enlighten the minds of
children to events that can mold their
ways and attitudes.
27. 6. Anecdotes
These are merely products of the
writers imagination and the main
aim is to bring out lessons to the
reader. It can be stories about
animals or children.
28. 7. Essay
This expresses the viewpoint or opinion
of the writer about a particular problem
or event.
29. 8. Biography
This deals with the life of a person
which may be about himself, is
autobiography or that of others.
30. 9. News
This is a report of everyday events in
society, government, science and
industry, and accidents, happening
nationally or not.
31. 10. Oration
This is a formal treatment of a subject
and is intended to be spoken in public. It
appeals to the intellect, to the will or to
the emotions of the audience.
35. a. Epic
This is an extended narrative about
heroic exploits often under
supernatural control. It may deal
with heroes and gods.
36. Two Kinds Of Epic
Poetry
Popular or Ancient
Literary or Modern
37. b. Metrical Tale
This is a narrative which is
written in verse and can be
classified either as a ballad or a
metrical romance.
38. c. Ballads
Of the narrative poems, this is
considered the shortest and
simplest. It has a simple structure
and tells a single incident.
39. The variations are love ballads, war
ballads, sea ballads, humorous,
moral, historical or mythical
ballads. In the early times, this
referred to a song accompanying a
dance.
40. 2. Lyric Poetry
Originally, this refers to that kind of
poetry meant to be sung to the
accompaniment of a lyre, but, now this
applies to any type of poetry that
expresses emotions and feelings of the
poet.
52. a. Comedy
This form usually is light and
written with the purpose of
amusing, and usually has a happy
ending.
53. b. Melodrama
This is usually used in musical plays
with the opera. It arouses immediate
and intense emotion and is usually
sad but there is a happy ending for
the principal character.
54. c. Tragedy
This involves the hero struggling
mightily against dynamic forces; he
meets death or ruin without success
and satisfaction obtained by the
protagonist in a comedy
55. d. Farce
This is an exaggerated comedy. It seeks
to arouse mirth by laughable lines;
situations are too ridiculous to be true;
the characters seem to be caricatures
and the motives undignified and absurd.
56. e. Social Poems
This forms either purely comic or
tragic and it pictures the life of
today. It may aim to bring about
changes in the social conditions.