Phoenicians
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The Phoenicians originated in the land of Phoenicia along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. They became skilled sailors, shipbuilders, and merchants who established colonies throughout the Mediterranean world and introduced Asian goods and cultural influences from places like Egypt and Persia. A major Phoenician contribution was developing the first alphabet of 22 letters, which later alphabets were based on. The Jews originated as a Semitic people in Arabia and later settled in Palestine and Egypt before fleeing Egypt led by Moses. They established kingdoms in Israel but these were later conquered and the Jews were exiled, becoming refugees dispersed throughout Asia and Europe in what was known as the Jewish diaspora.
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The document provides an overview of Jordan, including its history, government, and tourism industry. It discusses Jordan's location and borders. It then summarizes Jordan's history from prehistoric times through the Ottoman era to modern Jordan. It profiles the Hashemite royal family and their historical role. It also describes Jordan's tourism industry, highlighting popular destinations like Petra, Wadi Rum, and Aqaba. It provides background on the ancient Nabatean civilization that built Petra and their significance in the region.Chap 12: Mongols in Eurasia
Chap 12: Mongols in EurasiaAPWorldHistory
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Mongol conquest of Asia and Eastern Europe by Genghis and Khan Kublai Khan. Also additional information on Mongolia, Russia, the Yuan & Ming Empire, Vietnam, Korea and Japan.African civilizations
African civilizationszia learning
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This document provides a timeline and overview of major African civilizations from ancient times through the rise and fall of early empires. It describes the geography of the continent including the Sahara and Kalahari deserts. Early settlements developed along the Nile River valley starting around 5000 BC. Notable early kingdoms included Nok, Bantu, Kingdom of Kush in modern-day Sudan, and Aksum in Ethiopia. Major empires that arose from trade included Ghana with its capital at Kumbi Saleh, Kanem-Bornu centered around Lake Chad, Mali under Mansa Musa, and later the Songhai Empire. Art, literature, education, and commerce contributed to the development of culture acrossMiddle east cheat sheet
Middle east cheat sheetCassidy Baker
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This document provides an overview of key terms and events related to the Middle East from ancient Mesopotamian civilizations through modern times. It covers the rise and fall of empires like Assyria, Persia, and the Ottomans. It also discusses the major world religions of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and their influence. Key figures and events mentioned include Muhammad, the expansion of Islam, Zionism, the creation of Israel, and modern conflicts like the Persian Gulf War and Intifadas.Modern archaeology has helped to verify many of the stories that w.docx
Modern archaeology has helped to verify many of the stories that w.docxannandleola
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Modern archaeology has helped to verify many of the stories that were passed down within Greek culture, and the Cyclades present a logical location for this cultural genesis. From about 1900 until approximately 1375 BCE, the Minoan culture, named for legendary King Minos, thrived on Crete. Minoan culture was known for establishing extensive trade routes to places as geographically removed from the island as Scandinavia and Afghanistan. They imported various precious stones and metals, including the tin that was needed to produce bronze. The culture associated the bull with the virility of men, and the sacrifice of that and other animals was common. The Minoans worshiped female deities, although the specifics of their religion remain under debate. Similarly, the reasons behind the abandonment of the palace at Knossos on Crete in about 1450 BCE also remain unknown. There are several possibilities for the abandonment, but the result was a swift occupation by the Mycenaeans of the Greek Peloponnese.
The warlike Mycenaen culture was known for defensive architecture and a feudal political structure. The architecture most associated with this culture was cyclopean masonry. The blocks of rough-hewn stone that were used in the creation of defensive walls and protective citadels were so large that the later Greeks believed that only a member of the mythical race of monsters known as Cyclopes could have built the structures. The Mycenaens' political structure involved allegiances between lords and those protected by the local rulers. Kings influenced not only the cities they controlled, but also the surrounding area through allegiances with the lords. The protection of the lord or the king came at an expense, and a system of taxes ensured the desired level of protection would continue. This also allowed the king to obtain unusual wealth, as confirmed by archaeological excavations of elite burials where gold and silver death masks and other ornate grave goods have been uncovered. About 1100 BCE, the center of this civilization, Mycenae, fell after King Agamemnon began and then lost the Trojan War.
By 800 BCE, Greek poleis (city-states) began to develop. The rise of a truly Greek civilization happened as these city-states developed. The people of the early city-states, even the large ones, were mainly agrarian and life was centered on the production of crops. Religious beliefs assigned gods and goddesses to each area of life in which Greek people functioned, and the gods had human qualities, both positive and negative. The poleis were not geographically close to one another, and by the 8th century BCE, sanctuaries arose where people, generally men, from various poleis could gather to share important cultural elements. As city-states vied for status, the construction of ever more impressive temples developed. The early Greek civilization developed its own distinctive forms of architecture, government, art (including performing arts such as theatre, music, ...Mckaych10 africanempires
Mckaych10 africanempiresJess Usher
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This document provides an overview of African societies and kingdoms from 1000 BCE to 1500 CE. It discusses Africa's geographical diversity and how this shaped different cultures. The Bantu migration spread Bantu languages across eastern and southern Africa. Trans-Saharan trade introduced Islam to West Africa and stimulated urban growth. Major kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and the Christian kingdom of Aksum in Ethiopia developed. Aksum engaged in trade on the Red Sea and was the first African society to document its history in writing. The document examines the complex relationships between Christian and Muslim populations in Africa.Chapter Three.pptx
Chapter Three.pptxWakjiraTesfaye
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The document summarizes the emergence and development of early states in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa from ancient times until the 13th century CE. It discusses:
- The earliest recorded state of Punt located in northern Somalia or northern Ethiopia, known from Egyptian texts between 2500-1500 BCE.
- Other early cultural centers that emerged like Da'amat and Yeha in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea between 1000-500 BCE.
- The rise of the powerful Aksumite state between 200 BCE-700 CE, which dominated trade routes in the Red Sea region and had territories extending across modern-day Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, and South Arabia.
- The Zagwechapterthree- 230111135935-e281b6d9.pdf
chapterthree- 230111135935-e281b6d9.pdfyordiatlaw
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The document summarizes the emergence and development of early states in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa from prehistoric times up until the 13th century CE. It discusses:
- The factors that led to the formation of early states like the beginning of sedentary agriculture and increased trade.
- Ancient states that emerged including Punt, the kingdom of Da'amat, cultural centers in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea like Yeha, and the powerful Aksumite state that dominated trade routes.
- The Zagwe dynasty that ruled after the decline of Aksum and was known for constructing elaborate rock-hewn churches like those at Lalibela.
- How the Aksumite civilization influencedPhoenicians
- 1. Prepared By: Mia Amor M. Tapulayan
- 2. The name Phoenicia comes from the Phoenix- - the name of a famous purple dye extracted from a special variety of shell
- 3. Southeast of Asia Minor, along the Eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, was the Land of Phoenicia . The land is dry and hilly, the Phoenicians turned to the sea, becoming: - Sailors - Shipbuilders - Merchants Phoenician seafarers spread ideas
- 4. The ports of Tyre and Sidon were busy centers of trade. Phoenicians was famous for its tall cedar trees used in shipbuilding.
- 5. They visited North Africa, Greece, Crete and other Mediterranean islands, Italy , Sardinia, Spain and even pushed out as far as England.
- 6. King Hiram(969-936 B.C ) of Tyre most famous Phoenician monarchs He was a good friend of King Solomon of the Jews.
- 7. 1. They established colonies in various parts of the Mediterranean world. 2. They introduced not only the Asian goods to the countries of the Mediterranean but also the cultural influences of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Palestine, Persia and India. Phoenician Contributions to Civilization
- 8. 3. Invention of the Alphabet. Their alphabet contained 24 letters, all consonants. the first two words in the alphabet aleph (ox) and beth (house).
- 10. Jews were a pastoral Semitic people who originally lived in Arabian Desert and later migrated to Mesopotamia At Gods command Abraham led them out of the city of Ur and settled in Palestine, then called Canaan .
- 11. some Hebrews moved to Egypt because of famine. Pharaoh Rameses II conquered Palestine . About 1290B.C the Hebrews of Egypt fled to the Sinai Peninsula.
- 12. their flight to freedom was called EXODUS led by Moses . On mount Sinai, Moses received the Ten Commandments from God .
- 13. About 1020 B.C. they established a kingdom under the first Israelite king Saul. David king Sauls successor was a poet defeated the Philistines and made Jerusalem the royal capital. In Jerusalem Solomon built a palace and a magnificent temple for Yahweh .
- 15. After Solomon died, the Hebrew kingdom broke into two . -- The northern part was conquered by the Assyrians . -- The southern part was conquered by Nebuchadnezzar.
- 16. In 70 A.D., the Jewish rebellion against the Roman Empire was crushed by Emperor Titus. He slaughter more than 1million Jews and drove the rest into exile. The Jews became refugees, and went to other countries in Asia and Europe ( diaspora ). It was not until 1948, when the modern state Israel was founded, that they had a homeland again.
- 17. 1. Monotheism the belief in one God. 2. Judaism and Christianity the Jews in Israel cradled two major religions. 3. The Bible it is the worlds greatest book.
- 18. 4. Great men and women. 5. Modern Banking and Finance. the Jews developed modern banking and the lending of money for business.
- 19. References : Zaide, Gregorio F. et.al.(2006)World History. All Nations Publishing Co. Inc., Perry, Marvin (1988) A History of the World. Houghton Mifflin Company, Cachos Hermanos Inc., Foe, Jonathan C. et.al.(2006)Making Sense of World History. Bookmark, Inc., San Antonio Village, Makati City, Philippines