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Phrases, clauses and sentences

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Eagleton Eagle

The document discusses different types of phrases and clauses that make up sentences. It describes prepositional phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, adverb phrases, and noun phrases. It also discusses independent clauses, dependent clauses, simple sentences, compound sentences, and complex sentences. The four types of sentences are defined as imperative, interrogative, declarative, and exclamatory.

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* Using and creating each
* Phrases are a group of words that lacks a subject, predicate, or both. * Phrases can take many different forms: * Prepositional phrases * Verb phrases * Adjective phrases * Adverb phrases * Noun phrases * Verbial phrases *
* Prepositional Phrases * Begin with a preposition (a word that shows position, location, or direction) * Ends with an object of the preposition (noun or pronoun) * Can be used as adjectives (words that describe a noun or pronoun). Adjectives answer what kind, how many, which one * Can be used as Adverbs (words that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs). Adverbs answer where, when, how, or to what extent *
* Verbial phrases * Verbs that act as other parts of speech * Types: * Gerund phrase = Verb ending in ING and is used as a noun. Example: Swimming is a fun exercise. * Participle phrase = Verb ending in ING or ED is used as an adjective. Example: 1. Rattling in the cabinets, the dishes were about to crash to the floor. 2. Why didnt the tired boy just stand still? * Infinitive phrase = Verb that starts with to and is used as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Example: I am afraid to swim. *
* A clause is group of related words that has both a subject and a predicate. They DO NOT have to form a complete thought. * Types: * Independent * Dependent *
* Independent Clauses: * Have a subject and a predicate and can stand alone as a sentence. * When standing alone, an independent clause is ALWAYS a simple sentence (ONE subject and ONE predicate only) * Example: This ancient oak tree may eventually be cut down. *
* Dependent Clause: * Have a subject and a predicate, but will NEVER express a complete thought. * These clauses can not be a sentence by itself. * A dependent clause depends on being connected to an independent clause to make sense. * These clauses are also known as SUBODINATING CLAUSES because of the words that start them (subordinating conjunctions: AFTER, ALTHOUGH, BECAUSE, BEFORE, IF, SINCE, WHEN, etc.) * The following words can also start a dependent clause: who, which, whose, that *
* A sentence has at least one subject, at least one predicate, and expresses a complete thought. * A sentence ALWAYS begins with a capital letter * A sentence ALWAYS ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation mark *
* Simple sentences: * A simple sentence is one independent clause. * Simple sentences may contain a simple or compound subject * Simple sentences may contain a simple or compound predicate. * John and his friend played basketball after school. * Icebergs form glaciers and float in the ocean. *
* Compound sentences: * Happen when two or more simple sentences (independent clauses) are combined with each other. * When making a compound sentence, you must use the words For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So * Use the acronym FANBOYS to help you remember. * The FANBOYS cannot begin a sentence (They are COMBINING words) *
* Complex sentences: * Combine a dependent clause and an independent clause together. * When making a complex sentence, you must use a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun. * See page 710 and page 744 for a complete list of these words *
* Complex sentences: * If a dependent clause comes first, a comma is used after the clause. * Example: When I left for home, my aunt stood teary-eyed in the doorway. * If a dependent clause comes last, no comma is needed. * Example: My uncle Louis died soon after I left for home. *
* The four types of sentences include: * Imperative = giving a command * Interrogative = asking a question * Declarative = making a statement * Exclamatory = showing emotion * Each sentence ends with a different type of punctuation. * The imperative sentence can have what is known as an understood you. This means the subject is not explicitly stated, but must be interpreted. *

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Phrases, clauses and sentences

  • 1. * Using and creating each
  • 2. * Phrases are a group of words that lacks a subject, predicate, or both. * Phrases can take many different forms: * Prepositional phrases * Verb phrases * Adjective phrases * Adverb phrases * Noun phrases * Verbial phrases *
  • 3. * Prepositional Phrases * Begin with a preposition (a word that shows position, location, or direction) * Ends with an object of the preposition (noun or pronoun) * Can be used as adjectives (words that describe a noun or pronoun). Adjectives answer what kind, how many, which one * Can be used as Adverbs (words that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs). Adverbs answer where, when, how, or to what extent *
  • 4. * Verbial phrases * Verbs that act as other parts of speech * Types: * Gerund phrase = Verb ending in ING and is used as a noun. Example: Swimming is a fun exercise. * Participle phrase = Verb ending in ING or ED is used as an adjective. Example: 1. Rattling in the cabinets, the dishes were about to crash to the floor. 2. Why didnt the tired boy just stand still? * Infinitive phrase = Verb that starts with to and is used as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Example: I am afraid to swim. *
  • 5. * A clause is group of related words that has both a subject and a predicate. They DO NOT have to form a complete thought. * Types: * Independent * Dependent *
  • 6. * Independent Clauses: * Have a subject and a predicate and can stand alone as a sentence. * When standing alone, an independent clause is ALWAYS a simple sentence (ONE subject and ONE predicate only) * Example: This ancient oak tree may eventually be cut down. *
  • 7. * Dependent Clause: * Have a subject and a predicate, but will NEVER express a complete thought. * These clauses can not be a sentence by itself. * A dependent clause depends on being connected to an independent clause to make sense. * These clauses are also known as SUBODINATING CLAUSES because of the words that start them (subordinating conjunctions: AFTER, ALTHOUGH, BECAUSE, BEFORE, IF, SINCE, WHEN, etc.) * The following words can also start a dependent clause: who, which, whose, that *
  • 8. * A sentence has at least one subject, at least one predicate, and expresses a complete thought. * A sentence ALWAYS begins with a capital letter * A sentence ALWAYS ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation mark *
  • 9. * Simple sentences: * A simple sentence is one independent clause. * Simple sentences may contain a simple or compound subject * Simple sentences may contain a simple or compound predicate. * John and his friend played basketball after school. * Icebergs form glaciers and float in the ocean. *
  • 10. * Compound sentences: * Happen when two or more simple sentences (independent clauses) are combined with each other. * When making a compound sentence, you must use the words For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So * Use the acronym FANBOYS to help you remember. * The FANBOYS cannot begin a sentence (They are COMBINING words) *
  • 11. * Complex sentences: * Combine a dependent clause and an independent clause together. * When making a complex sentence, you must use a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun. * See page 710 and page 744 for a complete list of these words *
  • 12. * Complex sentences: * If a dependent clause comes first, a comma is used after the clause. * Example: When I left for home, my aunt stood teary-eyed in the doorway. * If a dependent clause comes last, no comma is needed. * Example: My uncle Louis died soon after I left for home. *
  • 13. * The four types of sentences include: * Imperative = giving a command * Interrogative = asking a question * Declarative = making a statement * Exclamatory = showing emotion * Each sentence ends with a different type of punctuation. * The imperative sentence can have what is known as an understood you. This means the subject is not explicitly stated, but must be interpreted. *