Pile caps distribute loads from building foundations to piles below. They spread loads evenly to provide greater bearing area and stability. Pile caps transmit loads to piles and soil, allow structures to rest on stable foundations instead of ground. Construction involves excavating around piles, cutting off piles, erecting formwork in desired shape, installing reinforcement, pouring concrete, curing. Weather delays, weak formwork, early form removal can cause malformation. Slips, falls, equipment accidents pose injury risks. Unsupported sides or slope failure can cause construction failures. Pile spacing depends on pile type, diameter, depth and follows set formulas.