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CONTENTS:-
? Introduction
? Equipments
? Accessories of surveying
? Setting of plane table
? Errors
? Advantages of using plane table
? Disadvantages of using plane table

INTRODUCTION :-
?Plane surveying is a
graphical method of survey in
which field observations and
plotting are done
simultaneously.

PRINCIPLE:-
The principle of the plane table surveying is parallelism,
meaning that the rays drawn from station to object on
the paper are parallel to the lines from the station to the
object on the ground.

EQUIPMENTS:-
The following instruments
are used for plane table
surveying.
? Plane Table
? Tripod Stand

ACCESSORIES:
?Alidade
?Trough Compass
?Plumbing Fork with plumb
bob
?Spirit level
?Paper Sheet (Good Quality)

SETTING :-
?Convenient height
?Centering on control point
?Leveling of plane table
?Marking the north line
?Orientation

METHODS :-
?Intersection
?Resection
?Radiation
?Traversing

ERRORS :-
?Board or Plane Table not horizontal or level.
?Board not centered properly on control point.
?Board not correctly oriented.
?Movement in table due to improper clamping.
?Inaccurate sighting.
?Alidade not correctly centered on point.
?Rays not drawn accurately.
?Inaccurate plotting.
?Expansion/ Contraction of paper.

ADVANTAGES :-
?Suitable for small scale mapping.
?Most rapid.
?Comparison with ground all the time for accuracy.
?Exact representation of ground.
?Omitting of details is not possible.
?Errors can be detected by check lines easily.
?Contours will represent profile of ground correctly.
?Great skills not required.

DISADVANTAGES :-
?Work only possible in fair whether.
?Equipment is heavy.
? Accessories are small, may be lost.
?Not very accurate for large scale survey.

PREPARED BY:-
? Ghazanfar shahbaz (2013-CIV-337)

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Plane Table Surveying

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