plane And Axis of the human body with clinical relavence
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ANATOMICAL POSITION: Anatomists and physiologists view the human body in this standard starting point
plane And Axis of the human body with clinical relavence
- 1. ANATO M ICAL PO SITIO N S L E A R N I N G E X E R C I S E S C I E N C E V O C A B U L A R Y
- 2. ANATOMICAL POSITIONS As mentioned before, we must come up with a common language or vocabulary that is universally accepted (or a language accepted world wide) so that we can all understand the same principles when we describe things that relate to the human body. Just think- imagine a doctor coming from Europe and doing an operation on someone in Canada with another doctor but they both use different terms to describe the human body? It wouldn’t work too well would it! 2
- 3. THE ANATOMICAL POSITION ANATOMICAL POSITION: Anatomists and physiologists view the human body in this standard starting point DESCRIPTION: - #1. Standing in upright standing position - #2. Face and feet pointing forward - #3. Arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward WHY?: ? Starting reference point for describing the human body ? Universally accepted ? Used in all anatomical descriptions 3
- 4. DIRECTIONAL TERMS Reminder: All directional terms are based on the assumption that the body is in the anatomical position. 4
- 5. LATERAL AND MEDIAL Lateral: away from the midline of the body Medial: towards the midline For Example: 1. Your ears are lateral to your cheeks 2. Your cheeks are medial to that of your ears Now lets try a few on your own! The hand is ________ (medial or lateral) to that of your stomach. The shoulder is _____ (medial or lateral) to that of your neck. If you mentioned lateral for both, then you got it correct! We will practice more in the questions in the “What you will need to do” section of the moodle activity. 5
- 6. DISTAL AND PROXIMAL Distal: towards the lower segment of a limb Proximal: towards the upper segment of a limb For Example: 1. Your hand is distal to that of your shoulder joint. 2. Your elbow is proximal to that of your hand. Now let’s try a few on your own! The knee is _______ (distal or proximal) to that of your waist. The thigh is _______ (distal or proximal) to that of your shin bone. 6 If you answered distal for the first question and proximal for the second question, you are on the right track! We will practice more in the “What you will need to do” section of the moodle activity.
- 7. ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR Anterior: in front of or front of your body Posterior: behind or back of your body For Example: - Your lips are anterior to your teeth. - Your tongue is posterior to your teeth. - In the anatomical position, the palms are Facing the anterior of your body (faces the front). Now lets try a few on our own! The chest is anterior or posterior? The toe is anterior or posterior of the ankle? If you answered anterior to both those questions, you are on the right track! 7
- 8. SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR Superior: Above Inferior: Below For Example: 1. Your lips are superior to your chin 2. Your ribs are inferior to your head. 3. Your knee is superior to your ankle. Now let’s try a few on our own! The shin bone is superior or inferior to that of your arm. The wrist is superior or inferior of your elbow. 8 Superior Inferior If you answered inferior for both of them then you are on the right track! We will practice more of these in the “What you will need to do” section of the moodle activity.
- 9. SUPINE AND PRONE Supine: - lying on back - example: when laying in bed Prone: - lying face-down - example: when doing a push-up 9 Prone position Supine position
- 10. ANATOMICAL POSITIONS So you have just reviewed the first set of anatomical positions! Here are the terms you have just looked at and will get familiar with them as we will use them to describe human positions. 1. The Anatomical Position- person standing erect with palms, feet, and head facing forward. 2. lateral- away from the midline of body 3. medial- towards midline of body 4. distal- to farther end of limb 5. proximal- closer end of limb 6. anterior- front of something or facing the front 7. posterior- behind something or facing the back 8. superior- above 9. inferior- below 10. supine- laying on back 11. prone- laying face-down (or usually on stomach) 10 Noticed how you learned all these terms but I grouped them based on opposites? For example lateral and medial, distal and proximal, anterior and posterior etc. This will help you understand and learn the terms. When you are not sure of one, try and think of the opposite and then it may help you recall what the term or direction is. We will apply these terms in many cases so that you have practice and become familiar with it.
- 14. THE BODY PERFORMS MOVEMENTS THROUGH A PLANE AND AROUND AN AXIS. P L A N E ? A plane is an imaginary flat surface along which a movement takes place. Sagittal plane Coronal plane Horizontal plane A X I S ? An axis is an imaginary line about which the body (or limbs) rotates. Sagittal axis Coronal axis Transverse axis
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- 17. SAGITTAL PLANE ? A vertical plane of a body which passes from front to rear dividing the body into two symmetrical halves. ? A sagittal plane is an anatomical plane which divides the body into right and left parts.
- 18. MOVEMENTS IN SAGITTAL PLANE ? Biceps curls ? Squats ? Walking ? Running ? Vertical jumping ? Climbing stairs ? Dorsi flexion ? Planter flexion ? Flexion ? Extension
- 20. HORIZONTAL PLANE ? Any horizontal plane of a body which is parallel to diaphragm is called transverse plane or horizontal plane. ? The transverse plane (also called the horizontal plane, axial plane, or trans axial plane) is an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts. It is perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal planes.
- 22. MOVEMENT IN HORIZONTAL PLANE ? Supination ? Pronation ? Retraction ? Protraction ? Horizontal abduction ? Horizontal adduction ? Al kind of rotations
- 23. FRONTAL PLANE ? Plane of the body which passes from side to side at right angles to the sagittal plane is called frontal plane or coronal plane. ? A coronal plane (also known as the frontal plane) is any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal (belly and back) sections.
- 25. MOVEMENTS IN FRONTAL PLANE ? Abduction ? Adduction ? Radial deviation ? Ulnar deviation ? Side flexion of trunk ? Side flexion of neck ? Inversion ? eversion
- 26. EXCEPTION Circumduction is not included in movements in either plane. No axis no plane movement.
- 29. CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM ? A Cartesian coordinate system is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely in a plane. X-axis Y-axis Z-axis
- 30. SAGITTAL AXIS ? Also called as anterio-posterior axis. ? . Bisects the body laterally from side to side, dividing it into front and back halves. ? Plane regarding sagittal axis is coronal , frontal or lateral. ? The frontal plane divides the body into front and back.
- 32. VERTICAL AXIS ? Divides the body horizontally into Superior and Inferior halves. ? Regarding plane is horizontal or transverse plane. ? This plane divides the body into top and bottom.
- 34. CORONAL AXIS ? Also called as frontal or lateral axis. ? Bisects the body from front to back, dividing it into left and right halves. ? The Sagittal plane passes through the body front to back, so dividing it into left and right.
- 36. SUMMARY ? Plane the place or surface upon which movement takes place. ? An axis is a straight line around which an object rotates. ? Movement at the joint take place in a plane about an axis. ? Axis and plane are perpendicular to each other. ? Plane regarding coronal axis will be sagittal or anterio-posterior plane. ? Regarding plane to is horizontal or transverse plane vertical axis. ? Plane regarding sagittal axis is coronal , frontal or lateral.