Planets by Shivam
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The document describes key facts about the planets in our solar system. It explains that the inner planets are between the Sun and the asteroid belt, while the outer planets are outside the asteroid belt. The inner planets formed from rocks and were heavily bombarded by asteroids early on, whereas the outer planets are gaseous spheres that also have rings in some cases. For each planet, it provides details about their atmospheric composition, rotation, and notable features like volcanoes or large storms.
Planets by Shivam
- 3. Inner planets are between the sun and asteroid belt and the planets are constantly being hit by asteroids (at the beginning, on their first 600 million years) Outer planets are outside the asteroid belt Inner planets were made of sphere shaped rocks while Outer planets are gaseous spheres. Outer planets have rings.
- 4. Mercury Mercurys extra-thin atmosphere of helium and sodium is caused because Mercury is very close to the sun and most of the gases get boiled down. Thin gas will make Mercury cooler since it traps less heat. Two elemenets in Mercurys atmosphere are sodium and helium Mercurys surface is shaped by: Other objects crashing into Mercury (causing craters) Lava flooding on its surface Crusts moving (tectonic movement)
- 5. Venus Venus is also called the Evening Star because it appears very bright in the sky when seen from earth Its atmosphere contains carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid Retrograde rotation: Rotating clockwise on axis (opposite to every other planet) A day in Venus = 225 earth days A year in Venus = 243 earth days A day > A year If you were on Venus, the sun would appear to rise in the west and set in the east. This is because Venus rotates clockwise, so the sun appears from the west side first. Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system because its atmosphere acts like a greenhouse and traps all the heat from the sun.
- 6. Earth Earths atmosphere is made out of: 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 0.9% Argon 0.1% water vapor, carbon dioxide, neon, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen, helium... Our atmosphere protects us from harmful radiation from the sun and meteors. Rotational tilt: 23.5 Degrees Spinning of Earths liquid iron core produces a magnetic field around Earth. One natural satellite of Earth is the Moon.
- 7. Mars Some meteors that crash on Earth are pieces of Mars, and there may have been ancient bacteria on it, signaling life on Mars Marss atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide. It appears red because it has soil rich in iron Olympus Mons is a volcano, 600km wide and 26km tall. Marss two natural satellites are Phobos and Deimos
- 8. Jupiter is bulged at the equator and flattened at the poles like Earth. This is because Jupiter spins so fast. Hydrogen, Helium, Sulfer and Nitrogen make up Jupiters atmosphere. The Great Red Spot is a circular hurricane wind Jupiter has about 50 named natural satellites and 13 other ones. Io, one of Jupiters natural satellites happens to be the hottest celestial body in our solar system! It has volcanic eruptions very frequently too.
- 9. Saturns atmosphere is made of helium and hydrogen. Saturns rings may have been caused by natural satellites breaking down The rings are made of water, ice and dust. Saturn could float in water because its density is so low! Seasons in Saturn last for 7 earth years!
- 10. Uranuss rotation looks like it is rotating on its side because its tilt is 98 degrees! Hydrogen, Helium and Methane make up Uranuss atmosphere (Methane gives it its blue-green color). Uranus has 27 known natural occurring satellites.
- 11. Ammonia, Helium and Methane make up Neptunes atmosphere Neptune has 13 known natural satellites! Triton is the largest satellite of Neptune. Scientists think that Triton used to be another body, but it was captured by Neptunes gravitational pull and became a satellite.