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Planning and management of hazardous wastes

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Rohit Chandnani
Rohit Chandnani

This document discusses the planning and management of hazardous wastes. It defines hazardous wastes as those that pose threats to public health or the environment. Hazardous wastes are classified as characteristic or listed. The document outlines causes of hazardous waste generation and general solutions. It discusses the aims and objectives, methodology, literature review, and case studies of common effluent treatment plants, biomedical waste treatment plants, and landfill sites. The conclusion is that improved management systems can reduce hazardous waste generation and make transportation and disposal more efficient and economical.

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PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES
INTRODUCTION • Definition-waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment is known as hazardous wastes. • Classification of hazardous wastes: 1. Characteristic hazardous wastes:  Ignitable (flammable)  Reactive  Corrosive  Toxic. 2. Listed hazardous wastes:  non-specific sources  specific sources.  discarded chemical products.
Planning and management of hazardous wastes
• Causes of generation of hazardous wastes: – Production ranges from large industries to individuals. – Lack of realization of the hazard of the wastes – Chemicals used for industrial processes and the significant rise in use of these chemicals in the recent past due to heavy industrialization. – Unwillingness of the industries to properly manage the hazardous wastes due to the heavy expenses involved. • General solutions for hazardous waste management: – Increase in strict regulations on the disposal of hazardous waste. – Industries can break down dangerous chemical compounds into less dangerous forms by physical, chemical, or biological treatment – Participation at individual level. – Provisions of concessions by the government to the industries for treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes.
• Effects of hazardous wastes: – Soluble nitrates from manure may dissolve into groundwater and contaminate drinking-water wells. – Insulation material on furnace pipes contain asbestos particles, which can break off and hang suspended in air; when inhaled, they can cause lung disease and cancer. – Toxic substances that do not break down or bind tightly to the soil may be taken up by growing plants – If rivers and lakes are polluted and become toxic enough, they may kill animal and plant life immediately – Evaporation of toxic solvents from paints and cleaning agents is a common problem causing serious air pollution issues for nearby residents. Effects on animals Paints and other hazardous chemicals
Planning and management of hazardous wastes
AIM AND OBJECTIVES • AIM: – To study the planning, design of current systems of management of hazardous wastes viz. – Generation of hazardous waste at source. – reduction of hazardous waste at source. – Transport of hazardous wastes. – Treatment and recovery of hazardous wastes. – Final Disposal of the hazardous wastes. • OBJECTIVE: – To give recommendations for the improvement and modification of these systems.
METHODOLOGY • The treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes cannot be done in the regular ways used for non-hazardous wastes. Some special methods are devised for the hazardous waste management • Methods for treatment and disposal of the hazardous wastes: – Recycling of hazardous wastes – Stabilization by Portland cement – Incineration, destruction and waste-to-energy – Hazardous waste landfill (sequestering, isolation, etc.) – Pyrolysis
Planning and management of hazardous wastes
Planning and management of hazardous wastes
LITERATURE SURVEY • Hazardous waste scenario in the past in India: – Indian cities alone generate more than 100 million tons of solid waste a year, – India's garbage crisis is from rising consumption. India's waste problem also points to a stunning failure of governance – In 2000, India's Supreme Court directed all Indian cities to implement a comprehensive waste-management program that would include household collection of segregated waste, recycling and composting. – In 2011, several Indian cities embarked on waste-to-energy projects of the type in use in Germany, Switzerland and Japan. – Lack of technical and financial resources and the regulatory control for the management of hazardous wastes in the past had led to the unscientific disposal of hazardous wastes In India – Government of India notified the Hazardous Waste Management & Handling Rules (HWM Rules) on July 28, 1989 under the provisions of the Environment Protection Act, 1986 and was further amended in the year 2000 & 2003. – The top four waste generating states are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. – States such as Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, all the North Eastern States excepting Assam generate less than 20,000 MT per annum.
CASE STUDY NO.1- COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT, KOPARKHAIRNE, NAVI MUMBAI • Liquid hazardous wastes containing toxic impurities are called effluents • Liquid hazardous waste from various participating industries is treated • Treated water is discharged in the Waghivali Creek by pumping through HDPE closed pipeline • CETP helps the industries in easier control of pollution, as it is a semi- government body • Treatment of The liquid wastes from various industries individually up to the desired concentration, become techno-economically difficult: – Land scarcity – Requirement of separate staff – Very expensive • Dilution factors due to the mixing of different liquid wastes comes into play.
Improper effluent disposal
CASE STUDY NO.2- BIO MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT PLANT, CHATRAPATI SHIVAJIHOSPITAL, KALWA • Takes care of the bio-medical waste disposal problem in the entire city of Thane. • Approved by Maharashtra Pollution control board • Set up by the Thane based NGO 'Enviro-vigil' that has been assigned the task of starting and maintaining the disposal facility. • Thane Municipal Corporation provided land and electricity free of cost. • Daily, 525-625kg of BMW is generated from private hospitals and nursing homes and 200 kg from municipal hospitals. • Prior to this plant, most of the city's bio-medical wastes got mixed with the rest of the garbage and eventually found its way to the dumping ground. • Segregation, Incineration and autoclaving are the main processes used. • Two special vans are used for transporting the bio-medical waste. • Charges are Rs.7.25 per bed for private hospitals and half for municipal hospitals in exchange of free electricity and land.
Planning and management of hazardous wastes
CASE STUDY NO.3- LANDFILL SITE, TRANS THANE CREEK WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, THANE • A facility for disposing off toxic wastes set up in the Trans Thane Creek (TTC) industrial area on about 70,000 sq. meter land at Mahape • The project approved by the Union Ministry of Environment and Forest with 25% funding from their side and has been taken up by the Thane Belapur Industrial Association. • Scientifically collects and disposes off solid and hazardous wastes generated by industrial units functioning in the TTC area, in a centralised manner. • Prior to this project,About 250 industries in the TTC area generated 31,427 tonnes per annum of hazardous waste and there was no proper facility for its disposal • The waste produced by these units include, heavy metal concentration, organic content, halogens etc
• The generation of hazardous waste cannot be reduced to zero with the help of available hazardous waste management technologies and treatment,hence landfills are required. • The principles of sound landfill management are based on four main criteria. – Environmental nuisances such as odours,fires,vermin insects, birds, windblown litter and visual instrusion should be eliminated or at least kept to minimum. – The available void space in the site should be utilised to the full by ensuring good compaction of the waste. – Problems of water pollution and gas generation should be minimised. – The management of the site should reflect the after use for which the reclaimed land is intended.
Typical cross-section of a landfilling site
LIKELY OUTCOME AND CONCLUSIONS • Reduction in generation by using modification at source. • Better methods of transport. • Increased efficiency of management and disposal. • Recycling of raw materials at the initial stage so that ultimately lesser hazardous waste is generated • Transportation system more environmentally safe. • Reduction in the cost of the overall transport of hazardous waste. • The management systems of hazardous waste are more and more economical
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Planning and management of hazardous wastes

  • 1. PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES
  • 2. INTRODUCTION • Definition-waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment is known as hazardous wastes. • Classification of hazardous wastes: 1. Characteristic hazardous wastes:  Ignitable (flammable)  Reactive  Corrosive  Toxic. 2. Listed hazardous wastes:  non-specific sources  specific sources.  discarded chemical products.
  • 4. • Causes of generation of hazardous wastes: – Production ranges from large industries to individuals. – Lack of realization of the hazard of the wastes – Chemicals used for industrial processes and the significant rise in use of these chemicals in the recent past due to heavy industrialization. – Unwillingness of the industries to properly manage the hazardous wastes due to the heavy expenses involved. • General solutions for hazardous waste management: – Increase in strict regulations on the disposal of hazardous waste. – Industries can break down dangerous chemical compounds into less dangerous forms by physical, chemical, or biological treatment – Participation at individual level. – Provisions of concessions by the government to the industries for treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes.
  • 5. • Effects of hazardous wastes: – Soluble nitrates from manure may dissolve into groundwater and contaminate drinking-water wells. – Insulation material on furnace pipes contain asbestos particles, which can break off and hang suspended in air; when inhaled, they can cause lung disease and cancer. – Toxic substances that do not break down or bind tightly to the soil may be taken up by growing plants – If rivers and lakes are polluted and become toxic enough, they may kill animal and plant life immediately – Evaporation of toxic solvents from paints and cleaning agents is a common problem causing serious air pollution issues for nearby residents. Effects on animals Paints and other hazardous chemicals
  • 7. AIM AND OBJECTIVES • AIM: – To study the planning, design of current systems of management of hazardous wastes viz. – Generation of hazardous waste at source. – reduction of hazardous waste at source. – Transport of hazardous wastes. – Treatment and recovery of hazardous wastes. – Final Disposal of the hazardous wastes. • OBJECTIVE: – To give recommendations for the improvement and modification of these systems.
  • 8. METHODOLOGY • The treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes cannot be done in the regular ways used for non-hazardous wastes. Some special methods are devised for the hazardous waste management • Methods for treatment and disposal of the hazardous wastes: – Recycling of hazardous wastes – Stabilization by Portland cement – Incineration, destruction and waste-to-energy – Hazardous waste landfill (sequestering, isolation, etc.) – Pyrolysis
  • 11. LITERATURE SURVEY • Hazardous waste scenario in the past in India: – Indian cities alone generate more than 100 million tons of solid waste a year, – India's garbage crisis is from rising consumption. India's waste problem also points to a stunning failure of governance – In 2000, India's Supreme Court directed all Indian cities to implement a comprehensive waste-management program that would include household collection of segregated waste, recycling and composting. – In 2011, several Indian cities embarked on waste-to-energy projects of the type in use in Germany, Switzerland and Japan. – Lack of technical and financial resources and the regulatory control for the management of hazardous wastes in the past had led to the unscientific disposal of hazardous wastes In India – Government of India notified the Hazardous Waste Management & Handling Rules (HWM Rules) on July 28, 1989 under the provisions of the Environment Protection Act, 1986 and was further amended in the year 2000 & 2003. – The top four waste generating states are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. – States such as Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, all the North Eastern States excepting Assam generate less than 20,000 MT per annum.
  • 12. CASE STUDY NO.1- COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT, KOPARKHAIRNE, NAVI MUMBAI • Liquid hazardous wastes containing toxic impurities are called effluents • Liquid hazardous waste from various participating industries is treated • Treated water is discharged in the Waghivali Creek by pumping through HDPE closed pipeline • CETP helps the industries in easier control of pollution, as it is a semi- government body • Treatment of The liquid wastes from various industries individually up to the desired concentration, become techno-economically difficult: – Land scarcity – Requirement of separate staff – Very expensive • Dilution factors due to the mixing of different liquid wastes comes into play.
  • 14. CASE STUDY NO.2- BIO MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT PLANT, CHATRAPATI SHIVAJIHOSPITAL, KALWA • Takes care of the bio-medical waste disposal problem in the entire city of Thane. • Approved by Maharashtra Pollution control board • Set up by the Thane based NGO 'Enviro-vigil' that has been assigned the task of starting and maintaining the disposal facility. • Thane Municipal Corporation provided land and electricity free of cost. • Daily, 525-625kg of BMW is generated from private hospitals and nursing homes and 200 kg from municipal hospitals. • Prior to this plant, most of the city's bio-medical wastes got mixed with the rest of the garbage and eventually found its way to the dumping ground. • Segregation, Incineration and autoclaving are the main processes used. • Two special vans are used for transporting the bio-medical waste. • Charges are Rs.7.25 per bed for private hospitals and half for municipal hospitals in exchange of free electricity and land.
  • 16. CASE STUDY NO.3- LANDFILL SITE, TRANS THANE CREEK WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, THANE • A facility for disposing off toxic wastes set up in the Trans Thane Creek (TTC) industrial area on about 70,000 sq. meter land at Mahape • The project approved by the Union Ministry of Environment and Forest with 25% funding from their side and has been taken up by the Thane Belapur Industrial Association. • Scientifically collects and disposes off solid and hazardous wastes generated by industrial units functioning in the TTC area, in a centralised manner. • Prior to this project,About 250 industries in the TTC area generated 31,427 tonnes per annum of hazardous waste and there was no proper facility for its disposal • The waste produced by these units include, heavy metal concentration, organic content, halogens etc
  • 17. • The generation of hazardous waste cannot be reduced to zero with the help of available hazardous waste management technologies and treatment,hence landfills are required. • The principles of sound landfill management are based on four main criteria. – Environmental nuisances such as odours,fires,vermin insects, birds, windblown litter and visual instrusion should be eliminated or at least kept to minimum. – The available void space in the site should be utilised to the full by ensuring good compaction of the waste. – Problems of water pollution and gas generation should be minimised. – The management of the site should reflect the after use for which the reclaimed land is intended.
  • 18. Typical cross-section of a landfilling site
  • 19. LIKELY OUTCOME AND CONCLUSIONS • Reduction in generation by using modification at source. • Better methods of transport. • Increased efficiency of management and disposal. • Recycling of raw materials at the initial stage so that ultimately lesser hazardous waste is generated • Transportation system more environmentally safe. • Reduction in the cost of the overall transport of hazardous waste. • The management systems of hazardous waste are more and more economical