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Plant Breeding - Breeding of Rice Part 1.pdf

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Breeding of Rice Part 1.pdf Vanangamudi K Cultivated & wild species of rice Scientific name, chromosome number, genome and origin of Oryza species Wild species used in breeding program Rice varieties released using different breeding techniques

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PLANT BREEDING TITBITS BREEDING OF RICE ¨C PART 1 Dr. K. Vanangamudi Formerly Dean (Agriculture), AC & RI, Coimbatore, Dean, Adhiparashakthi Agricultural College,Kalavai, Professor and Head - Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. 1. RICE: Oryza sativa (2n=24) 1. Cultivated species of rice ? Genus Oryza includes 20 wild species ? Cultivated species: 2 o Oryza sativa - Asian rice o O. glaberrima - African rice o Common parent for both species: O.perennis ? Asian rice races o Indica o Japonica o Javanica ? Wild species: 18
2. Scientific name, chromosome number, genome and origin of Oryza species S.no Scientific name Chromosome Genome Origin 1 O.sativa 24 AA Asia 2 O.nivara 24 AA 3 O.rufipogan 24 AA 4 O.officinalis 24 CC 5 O.minuta 48 BBCC 6 O.punctata 48 BBCC 7 O.granulata 24 - 8 O.meyeriane 24 - 9 O.ridleyi 48 - 10 O.longistaminata 24 AA Africa 11 O.glaberrima 24 AA 12 O.brachantha 24 FF 13 O.eichingeri 24 CC 14 O.barthii 24 AA 15 O.australiensis 24 EE Australia 16 O.meridionalis 24 - 17 O.glumaepatula 24 -- America 18 O. grandiglumis 48 CCDD 19 O.latifolia 48 CCDD 20 O.alata 48 CCDD 21 O.longiglumis 48 - New Guniea 22 O.schlechter 48 - 3. Wild species used in breeding program ? Oryza perennis - CO 31 GEB 24 x O. perennis ? Oryza nivara - IR 34 x One of the parent is O.nivara, resistant to grassy stunt disease. 4. Ideal plant type ? Short stature. ? Thick, stiff culm ? Compact panicle that hold the plant erect ? Short, narrow, erect leaves to effectively utilise solar radiation ? High tillering ? Nitrogen responsive ? Flag leaf angle should not be more than 400
5. Early maturity ? CR 666, Akashi, CO 41 - less than 100 days duration. 6. Cold tolerant ? MDU 2 (CO 25 x IR 8) 7. Salinity and alkalinity resistant ? SR 26 B, Gettu, Dasal, CO 43 (Dasal x IR 20), ADT 35, TRY 1, TRY 2 8. Varieties resistant to diseases ? Blast resistant: IR 20, CO 37, CO 25 ? Grassy stunt: O. nivara. ? Blast and BLB: O. minuta - tetraploid. ? CO 45 - resistant to RTV ( Rice Tungro Virus), Blast and BLB (Bacterial Leaf Blight). ? PY 3 - RTV, BLB 9. Resistant to pests ? Stem borer donor: TKM 6, IR 20, (IR 262 x TKM 6) PY 3 - Bharathidasan - Resistant to BPH O.officinalis ¨C BPH Resistant 10. Improved grain quality ? Length ? Extra-long - over 7 mm length ? Long - 6 to 7 mm ? Medium - 5 to 5.99 mm ? Short - below 5mm. ? Shape ? Based on Length / Breath ratio (L/B ratio) o Basmathi, Ponni, Slender - 3 L/B o IR 20 Medium - 2.0 to 3.0 L/B o CO 37 Bold - 2.0 to 2.39 L/B ? Texture o Hard starchy grain with (translucent) vitreous fracture o Soft dextrinous grain with opaque fracture. Known as glutinous rice.
11. Aroma and cooking quality ? Aroma is due to an alkaloid PANDAMARILACTIONE present in endosperm ? Eg. Basmati 370, Zeeraga Samba, ADT41, Kalabath, Seethabogam 12. Colour of kernel ? TKM 9 - Red rice, (TKM 7 x IR 8) 13. Dwarfing gene: Dee - Gee - Woo - Gen 14. Deep water paddy ? TNR 1 and TNR 2. 15. Varieties suited for export ? Basmati 370 is exported to Arab countries. ? Grown in valleys of Himalayan Range only. 2. Rice varieties released using different breeding techniques 1. Introduction ? All the IRRI Rice varieties from IR 8 to IR 72. ? Other examples are Basmati from Punjab, Ponni (Mashuri) from Malaysia, CR 1009 (Ponmani) from Odisha. 2. Pure line selection ? CO 9 - Short duration ? CO 32 - Thiruchengodu Samba - Medium duration ? CO 19 - Chengalpattu Sirumani - Long duration 3. Pedigree method ? Inter varietal o CO 37 - (Vaigai TN 1 x CO 29) - Short duration. o CO 41 - (CuL 2410 x IR 22) - Short duration. o CO 43 - (Dasal x IR 20) - Medium duration o CO 44 - (ASD 5 x IR 20) - Medium duration, suitable for late planting. o CO 45 (Rathu Heenathi x IR 3403 - 207 ¨C 1) - Medium duration, resistant to blast, BLB and RTV. o Ponmani ((CR 1009) Pankaj x Jagannath) - Long duration.
? Inter-racial o Japonica x indica cross ADT 27 (Norin 10 x GEB 24) o Ponni (Mashuri) (Taichung 65 x ME 80) ? Inter specific crosses o CO 31 - (O.perennis x GEB 24), drought resistance. o IR 34 - Complex cross, one of the parent is O.nivara 4. Back cross method of breeding ? CO 37 male sterile line. ? Sabarmati and Jamuna. 5. Mutation breeding a) Spontaneous mutation ? GEB 24 - From Athur Kichili Samba known as KONAMANI, fine grain and quality rice. ? ADT 41 - Dwarf mutant of Basmati 370. b) Induced mutation ? Jagannath rice from Odisha, semi dwarf. ? Parbhani - From Maharastra ? Prabavathi ? Satari - Short duration, gamma irradiated ? AU 1 - From Tamil Nadu. 6. Heterosis breeding ? CORH 1 - (IR 62829 A / IR 10198 - 66-2 R) ? CORH 2 - (IR 58025 A / C 20 R) ? ADT RH 1 - (IR 58025 A / IR 66 R) ? Hybrids from other states Thank you

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Plant Breeding - Breeding of Rice Part 1.pdf

  • 1. PLANT BREEDING TITBITS BREEDING OF RICE ¨C PART 1 Dr. K. Vanangamudi Formerly Dean (Agriculture), AC & RI, Coimbatore, Dean, Adhiparashakthi Agricultural College,Kalavai, Professor and Head - Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. 1. RICE: Oryza sativa (2n=24) 1. Cultivated species of rice ? Genus Oryza includes 20 wild species ? Cultivated species: 2 o Oryza sativa - Asian rice o O. glaberrima - African rice o Common parent for both species: O.perennis ? Asian rice races o Indica o Japonica o Javanica ? Wild species: 18
  • 2. 2. Scientific name, chromosome number, genome and origin of Oryza species S.no Scientific name Chromosome Genome Origin 1 O.sativa 24 AA Asia 2 O.nivara 24 AA 3 O.rufipogan 24 AA 4 O.officinalis 24 CC 5 O.minuta 48 BBCC 6 O.punctata 48 BBCC 7 O.granulata 24 - 8 O.meyeriane 24 - 9 O.ridleyi 48 - 10 O.longistaminata 24 AA Africa 11 O.glaberrima 24 AA 12 O.brachantha 24 FF 13 O.eichingeri 24 CC 14 O.barthii 24 AA 15 O.australiensis 24 EE Australia 16 O.meridionalis 24 - 17 O.glumaepatula 24 -- America 18 O. grandiglumis 48 CCDD 19 O.latifolia 48 CCDD 20 O.alata 48 CCDD 21 O.longiglumis 48 - New Guniea 22 O.schlechter 48 - 3. Wild species used in breeding program ? Oryza perennis - CO 31 GEB 24 x O. perennis ? Oryza nivara - IR 34 x One of the parent is O.nivara, resistant to grassy stunt disease. 4. Ideal plant type ? Short stature. ? Thick, stiff culm ? Compact panicle that hold the plant erect ? Short, narrow, erect leaves to effectively utilise solar radiation ? High tillering ? Nitrogen responsive ? Flag leaf angle should not be more than 400
  • 3. 5. Early maturity ? CR 666, Akashi, CO 41 - less than 100 days duration. 6. Cold tolerant ? MDU 2 (CO 25 x IR 8) 7. Salinity and alkalinity resistant ? SR 26 B, Gettu, Dasal, CO 43 (Dasal x IR 20), ADT 35, TRY 1, TRY 2 8. Varieties resistant to diseases ? Blast resistant: IR 20, CO 37, CO 25 ? Grassy stunt: O. nivara. ? Blast and BLB: O. minuta - tetraploid. ? CO 45 - resistant to RTV ( Rice Tungro Virus), Blast and BLB (Bacterial Leaf Blight). ? PY 3 - RTV, BLB 9. Resistant to pests ? Stem borer donor: TKM 6, IR 20, (IR 262 x TKM 6) PY 3 - Bharathidasan - Resistant to BPH O.officinalis ¨C BPH Resistant 10. Improved grain quality ? Length ? Extra-long - over 7 mm length ? Long - 6 to 7 mm ? Medium - 5 to 5.99 mm ? Short - below 5mm. ? Shape ? Based on Length / Breath ratio (L/B ratio) o Basmathi, Ponni, Slender - 3 L/B o IR 20 Medium - 2.0 to 3.0 L/B o CO 37 Bold - 2.0 to 2.39 L/B ? Texture o Hard starchy grain with (translucent) vitreous fracture o Soft dextrinous grain with opaque fracture. Known as glutinous rice.
  • 4. 11. Aroma and cooking quality ? Aroma is due to an alkaloid PANDAMARILACTIONE present in endosperm ? Eg. Basmati 370, Zeeraga Samba, ADT41, Kalabath, Seethabogam 12. Colour of kernel ? TKM 9 - Red rice, (TKM 7 x IR 8) 13. Dwarfing gene: Dee - Gee - Woo - Gen 14. Deep water paddy ? TNR 1 and TNR 2. 15. Varieties suited for export ? Basmati 370 is exported to Arab countries. ? Grown in valleys of Himalayan Range only. 2. Rice varieties released using different breeding techniques 1. Introduction ? All the IRRI Rice varieties from IR 8 to IR 72. ? Other examples are Basmati from Punjab, Ponni (Mashuri) from Malaysia, CR 1009 (Ponmani) from Odisha. 2. Pure line selection ? CO 9 - Short duration ? CO 32 - Thiruchengodu Samba - Medium duration ? CO 19 - Chengalpattu Sirumani - Long duration 3. Pedigree method ? Inter varietal o CO 37 - (Vaigai TN 1 x CO 29) - Short duration. o CO 41 - (CuL 2410 x IR 22) - Short duration. o CO 43 - (Dasal x IR 20) - Medium duration o CO 44 - (ASD 5 x IR 20) - Medium duration, suitable for late planting. o CO 45 (Rathu Heenathi x IR 3403 - 207 ¨C 1) - Medium duration, resistant to blast, BLB and RTV. o Ponmani ((CR 1009) Pankaj x Jagannath) - Long duration.
  • 5. ? Inter-racial o Japonica x indica cross ADT 27 (Norin 10 x GEB 24) o Ponni (Mashuri) (Taichung 65 x ME 80) ? Inter specific crosses o CO 31 - (O.perennis x GEB 24), drought resistance. o IR 34 - Complex cross, one of the parent is O.nivara 4. Back cross method of breeding ? CO 37 male sterile line. ? Sabarmati and Jamuna. 5. Mutation breeding a) Spontaneous mutation ? GEB 24 - From Athur Kichili Samba known as KONAMANI, fine grain and quality rice. ? ADT 41 - Dwarf mutant of Basmati 370. b) Induced mutation ? Jagannath rice from Odisha, semi dwarf. ? Parbhani - From Maharastra ? Prabavathi ? Satari - Short duration, gamma irradiated ? AU 1 - From Tamil Nadu. 6. Heterosis breeding ? CORH 1 - (IR 62829 A / IR 10198 - 66-2 R) ? CORH 2 - (IR 58025 A / C 20 R) ? ADT RH 1 - (IR 58025 A / IR 66 R) ? Hybrids from other states Thank you