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PLANT RESPONSES TO THE ENVIRONMENT.pptx

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MICHAEL NDHLOVU
MICHAEL NDHLOVU

This slide presentation is about life processes in plants and animals but specifically focuses on plant responses to the environment (Grade 12).

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LIFE PROCESSES IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS PLANT RESPONSES TO THE ENVIRONMENT by Michael Ndhlovu GRADE 12
INTRODUCTION PLANT HORMONES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR GROWTH AND RESPONSES TO EXTERNAL STIMULI. ALL PLANTS BELONG TO THE KINGDOM PLANTAE (MOTSOKO, 2022). GIBERELLINS, AUXINS, CYTOKININS, ABSCISIC ACID, AND ETHYLENE ARE THE FIVE MAIN GROUPS OF PLANT GROWTH SUBSTANCES. RESPONSES TO EXTERNAL STIMULI AND GROWTH IN PLANTS OCCURS THROUGH TROPISMS (FERGUSON, 2012). TROPISMS ARE SLOW PLANT MOVEMENT RESPONSES EITHER AWAY OR TOWARDS A STIMULUS. MOVEMENTS AWAY FROM THE STIMULUS ARE NEGATIVE TROPISMS. MOVEMENTS TOWARDS THE STIMULUS ARE POSITIVE TROPISMS.
TYPES OF TROPISMS IN PLANTS PHOTOTROPISM PLANT GROWTH IN RESPONSE TO LIGHT. GEOTROPISM PLANT GROWTH IN RESPONSE TO GRAVITY. NASTIC MOVEMENT THE CHANGE IN THE POSITION OF THE LEAVES & PETALS. STOMATAL OPENING/CLOSING THE OPENING & CLOSING OF THE STOMATA DUE TO PHOTOSYNTHETIC & RESPIRATION PRODUCTS (MOTSOKO, 2022). THE THREE MAIN PLANT HORMONES THAT YOULL LEARN ABOUT ARE...
AUXINS, GIBERELLINS & ABSCISIC ACID HORMONE EFFECT AUXINS -APICAL DOMINANCE -PREVENTS LEAVES FROM WILTING/DYING & KEEPS FRUITS ATTACHED TO PLANTS. -ENLARGEMENT OF CELLS, DIFFERENTIATION, GROWTH & CELL DIVISION. -PHOTOTROPISM & GEOTROPISM. GIBERELLINS -IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SEED GERMINATION, FLOWERING & DEVELOPMENT. -CONTROLS STEM ELONGATION, ALLOWING PLANTS TO GROW TALLER. ABSCISIC ACID -ALLOWS LEAVES & FRUITS TO DETERIORATE. -CLOSES STOMATA. -SLOWS DOWN GROWTH.
PHOTOTROPISM PHOTO MEANS LIGHT, THEREFORE, PHOTOTROPISM IS A TYPE OF GROWTH THAT OCCURS IN RESPONSE TO A LIGHT STIMULUS (FERGUSON, 2012). TYPES OF PHOTOTROPISM POSITIVE PHOTOTROPISM THE GROWTH OF STEMS TOWARDS LIGHT. NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPISM THE GROWTH OF ROOTS AWAY FROM LIGHT.
GEOTROPISM THE PREFIX GEO MEANS EARTH, AND GEOTROPISM IS A TYPE OF PLANT GROWTH OR MOVEMENT THAT OCCURS IN RESPONSE TO GRAVITY (FERGUSON, 2012). TYPES OF GEOTROPISM POSITIVE GEOTROPISM ROOT GROWTH TOWARDS THE FORCE OF GRAVITY. NEGATIVE GEOTROPISM SHOOT GROWTH AWAY FROM THE FORCE OF GRAVITY.
WEED CONTROL USING HORMONES PLANT HORMONES CAN BE NATURAL OR MAN- MADE, ALSO KNOWN AS SYNTHETIC. THEY ARE USED IN AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, & BIOTECHNOLOGY. THEY ARE WIDELY USED FOR WEED CONTROL. THEY ARE A SAFE AND SUSTAINABLE WAY OF CONTROLLING WEEDS. AUXINS ARE SOME OF THE HORMONES USED FOR WEED CONTROL.
PLANT DEFENCE MECHANISMS JUST LIKE MOST TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC ORGANISMS, PLANTS ALSO HAVE DEFENCE MECHANISMS THAT THEY USE TO PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM BEING EATEN BY ANIMALS (HERBIVORES AND OMNIVORES), OR INVADED BY PATHOGENS. THEY USE THEIR RESOURCES (WATER AND MINERALS) FOR DEFENCE AND GROWTH. AS DEFENCE MECHANISMS, SOME PLANTS MAKE EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL SUBSTANCES. THESE CAN BE CHEMICALS THAT HAVE A BITTER TASTE AND UNPLEASANT SCENTS, OR THORNS.
PLANT DEFENSE MECHANISMS CONTINUED. THORNS ARE THE MOST COMMON DEFENSE MECHANISM USED BY PLANTS.
QUICK FACTS ABOUT PLANTS!! PLANTS BELONG TO THE KIGDOM PLANTAE (MABOPE, 2022). ACCORDING TO MNGWE (2022) PLANTS ARE KNOWN AS AUTOTROPHS BECAUSE THEY CAN MAKE THEIR FOOD THROUGH PHOTOSYNTHESIS, WHICH IS A CHEMICAL PROCESS WHEREBY PLANTS MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD USING GLUCOSE, RADIANT ENERGY, CARBON DIOXIDE, AND NUTRIENTS FROM THE SOIL. ORGANISMS THAT MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD ARE CALLED PRODUCERS. PLANT EATING ANIMALS ARE CALLED HERBIVORES AND ARE CONSUMERS SINCE THEY CANNOT MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD (JASON, 2022).
THE END!
REFERENCE LIST JASON, TV. (2022). ANIMAL NUTRITION. AVAILABLE FROM SLIDESHARE AT: /TeslinVenusJason MABOPE, A. (2022). HETEROTROPHS AND AUTOTROPHS. AVAILABLE FROM SLIDESHARE AT: /AmahleMabope MNGWE, T. (2022). CELLULAR RESPIRATION. AVAILABLE FROM SLIDESHARE AT: /Thabisile15 MOTSOKO, K. (2022). PHOTOSYNTHESIS. AVAILABLE FROM SLIDESHARE AT: /Kgotsofalang FERGUSON, S. (2012). PLANT RESPONSES TO THE ENVIRONMENT. AVAILABLE AT: /Sianfergs/plant-responses-to-the-environment

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PLANT RESPONSES TO THE ENVIRONMENT.pptx

  • 1. LIFE PROCESSES IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS PLANT RESPONSES TO THE ENVIRONMENT by Michael Ndhlovu GRADE 12
  • 2. INTRODUCTION PLANT HORMONES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR GROWTH AND RESPONSES TO EXTERNAL STIMULI. ALL PLANTS BELONG TO THE KINGDOM PLANTAE (MOTSOKO, 2022). GIBERELLINS, AUXINS, CYTOKININS, ABSCISIC ACID, AND ETHYLENE ARE THE FIVE MAIN GROUPS OF PLANT GROWTH SUBSTANCES. RESPONSES TO EXTERNAL STIMULI AND GROWTH IN PLANTS OCCURS THROUGH TROPISMS (FERGUSON, 2012). TROPISMS ARE SLOW PLANT MOVEMENT RESPONSES EITHER AWAY OR TOWARDS A STIMULUS. MOVEMENTS AWAY FROM THE STIMULUS ARE NEGATIVE TROPISMS. MOVEMENTS TOWARDS THE STIMULUS ARE POSITIVE TROPISMS.
  • 3. TYPES OF TROPISMS IN PLANTS PHOTOTROPISM PLANT GROWTH IN RESPONSE TO LIGHT. GEOTROPISM PLANT GROWTH IN RESPONSE TO GRAVITY. NASTIC MOVEMENT THE CHANGE IN THE POSITION OF THE LEAVES & PETALS. STOMATAL OPENING/CLOSING THE OPENING & CLOSING OF THE STOMATA DUE TO PHOTOSYNTHETIC & RESPIRATION PRODUCTS (MOTSOKO, 2022). THE THREE MAIN PLANT HORMONES THAT YOULL LEARN ABOUT ARE...
  • 4. AUXINS, GIBERELLINS & ABSCISIC ACID HORMONE EFFECT AUXINS -APICAL DOMINANCE -PREVENTS LEAVES FROM WILTING/DYING & KEEPS FRUITS ATTACHED TO PLANTS. -ENLARGEMENT OF CELLS, DIFFERENTIATION, GROWTH & CELL DIVISION. -PHOTOTROPISM & GEOTROPISM. GIBERELLINS -IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SEED GERMINATION, FLOWERING & DEVELOPMENT. -CONTROLS STEM ELONGATION, ALLOWING PLANTS TO GROW TALLER. ABSCISIC ACID -ALLOWS LEAVES & FRUITS TO DETERIORATE. -CLOSES STOMATA. -SLOWS DOWN GROWTH.
  • 5. PHOTOTROPISM PHOTO MEANS LIGHT, THEREFORE, PHOTOTROPISM IS A TYPE OF GROWTH THAT OCCURS IN RESPONSE TO A LIGHT STIMULUS (FERGUSON, 2012). TYPES OF PHOTOTROPISM POSITIVE PHOTOTROPISM THE GROWTH OF STEMS TOWARDS LIGHT. NEGATIVE PHOTOTROPISM THE GROWTH OF ROOTS AWAY FROM LIGHT.
  • 6. GEOTROPISM THE PREFIX GEO MEANS EARTH, AND GEOTROPISM IS A TYPE OF PLANT GROWTH OR MOVEMENT THAT OCCURS IN RESPONSE TO GRAVITY (FERGUSON, 2012). TYPES OF GEOTROPISM POSITIVE GEOTROPISM ROOT GROWTH TOWARDS THE FORCE OF GRAVITY. NEGATIVE GEOTROPISM SHOOT GROWTH AWAY FROM THE FORCE OF GRAVITY.
  • 7. WEED CONTROL USING HORMONES PLANT HORMONES CAN BE NATURAL OR MAN- MADE, ALSO KNOWN AS SYNTHETIC. THEY ARE USED IN AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, & BIOTECHNOLOGY. THEY ARE WIDELY USED FOR WEED CONTROL. THEY ARE A SAFE AND SUSTAINABLE WAY OF CONTROLLING WEEDS. AUXINS ARE SOME OF THE HORMONES USED FOR WEED CONTROL.
  • 8. PLANT DEFENCE MECHANISMS JUST LIKE MOST TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC ORGANISMS, PLANTS ALSO HAVE DEFENCE MECHANISMS THAT THEY USE TO PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM BEING EATEN BY ANIMALS (HERBIVORES AND OMNIVORES), OR INVADED BY PATHOGENS. THEY USE THEIR RESOURCES (WATER AND MINERALS) FOR DEFENCE AND GROWTH. AS DEFENCE MECHANISMS, SOME PLANTS MAKE EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL SUBSTANCES. THESE CAN BE CHEMICALS THAT HAVE A BITTER TASTE AND UNPLEASANT SCENTS, OR THORNS.
  • 9. PLANT DEFENSE MECHANISMS CONTINUED. THORNS ARE THE MOST COMMON DEFENSE MECHANISM USED BY PLANTS.
  • 10. QUICK FACTS ABOUT PLANTS!! PLANTS BELONG TO THE KIGDOM PLANTAE (MABOPE, 2022). ACCORDING TO MNGWE (2022) PLANTS ARE KNOWN AS AUTOTROPHS BECAUSE THEY CAN MAKE THEIR FOOD THROUGH PHOTOSYNTHESIS, WHICH IS A CHEMICAL PROCESS WHEREBY PLANTS MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD USING GLUCOSE, RADIANT ENERGY, CARBON DIOXIDE, AND NUTRIENTS FROM THE SOIL. ORGANISMS THAT MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD ARE CALLED PRODUCERS. PLANT EATING ANIMALS ARE CALLED HERBIVORES AND ARE CONSUMERS SINCE THEY CANNOT MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD (JASON, 2022).
  • 12. REFERENCE LIST JASON, TV. (2022). ANIMAL NUTRITION. AVAILABLE FROM SLIDESHARE AT: /TeslinVenusJason MABOPE, A. (2022). HETEROTROPHS AND AUTOTROPHS. AVAILABLE FROM SLIDESHARE AT: /AmahleMabope MNGWE, T. (2022). CELLULAR RESPIRATION. AVAILABLE FROM SLIDESHARE AT: /Thabisile15 MOTSOKO, K. (2022). PHOTOSYNTHESIS. AVAILABLE FROM SLIDESHARE AT: /Kgotsofalang FERGUSON, S. (2012). PLANT RESPONSES TO THE ENVIRONMENT. AVAILABLE AT: /Sianfergs/plant-responses-to-the-environment