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Plantain

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Michael Cefole

Plantain is an herbal remedy used for bronchitis, colds, irritated or bleeding hemorrhoids, and dermatological conditions. It contains vitamins, minerals, and iridoids that are anti-inflammatory and promote wound healing. While plantain tea or extracts are possibly safe when taken orally or applied topically, large doses or prolonged use may cause laxative effects, hypotension, or contact dermatitis. It may also interact with the anticoagulant warfarin or medications metabolized by CYP enzymes. Historical herbalists used plantain tinctures to promote wound healing without infection. Contemporary herbalists recommend plantain tea to soothe coughs and digestive issues.

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Michael Cefole, PharmD Candidate 2017 Commonwealth Center for Holistic Herbalism Week 1: 9/19/2016 9/23/2016 Herb of the Week: Plantain Common Name(s): Plantain, Great Plantain Scientific Name: plantago major Family: Plantaginaceae Uses: Orally: cystitis with hematuria, bronchitis, colds, irritated/bleeding hemorrhoids, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial Topically: dermatological conditions, eye irritation/discomfort Safety: Orally: possibly safe when used appropriately Topically: possibly unsafe due to concerns of contact dermatitis Pregnancy: likely unsafe (orally) because of increase in uterine tone Lactation: insufficient reliable data available; avoid use Efficacy: Overall: insufficient reliable evidence to rate Bronchitis: orally may be beneficial for treating chronic bronchitis Common cold: orally may reduce the symptoms of the common cold Dosing/Administration: Adults: 2-4 grams dried leaf orally three times daily 1-cup tea orally three times daily (steep 2-4 grams dried leaf in 150 mL boiling water for 5-10 minutes, strain) Liquid extract (1:1 in 25% in ethanol) 2-4 mL orally three times daily Tincture (1:5 in 45% in ethanol) 2-4 mL orally three times daily Children: Dosing/administration not listed/rated Adverse Effects: Orally: laxative, hypotensive effects seen when doses taken in excess Topically: contact dermatitis Interactions: Drugs: Warfarin: in theory, plantain may antagonize effects of warfarin due to its vitamin K content. Patients taking warfarin should take consistent amounts of plantain in order to maintain anticoagulant safety/efficacy Foods: Unknown Herbs/Supplements: Unknown Lab Tests: Coagulation tests: in theory, consumption of large amounts of plantain may reduce clotting time due to its vitamin K content Diseases: Melon allergy: plantain pollen may cause cross-reactivity in people allergic to melon Plantain hypersensitivity: contraindicated Mechanism of Action: Applicable parts: leaf, seed Contains low levels of tannins and relatively high levels of vitamin K, beta-carotene, calcium, acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and iridoids.
Michael Cefole, PharmD Candidate 2017 Commonwealth Center for Holistic Herbalism Week 1: 9/19/2016 9/23/2016 Herb of the Week: Plantain Animal studies: the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects are attributed to the constituents chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids. Specifically in guinea pigs, an aqueous extract had bronchodilator effects; however, effects were less and had shorter duration than salbutamol or atropine. Extract also lowers blood pressure, and decreases total plasma lipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides. In vitro, it has shown to increase uterine tissue tone. Other research suggests that the leaf has activity against carcinogenesis and mammary tumor formation in experimental animals. Herbalist Experiences: Historical: Finley Ellingwood, MD For years I have used a saturated tincture of this remedy as a dressing in the treatment of fresh cuts, wounds and bruises. It removes or prevents soreness; it promotes healing without the formation of pus, and is in all ways a desirable dressing. I gather the whole plant with the roots. I wash it clean, pound it thoroughly in an iron mortar, chop it fine, put on alcohol and make a saturated tincture. Of this I add one part to about four parts of water, and apply on gauze. Contemporary: Henriette Give the leaf as a tea in dry hacking coughs. It's nicely soothing and cooling. Give the leaf as a tea in various digestive upsets: it's nicely soothing and cooling and healing to the mucous membranes.

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Plantain

  • 1. Michael Cefole, PharmD Candidate 2017 Commonwealth Center for Holistic Herbalism Week 1: 9/19/2016 9/23/2016 Herb of the Week: Plantain Common Name(s): Plantain, Great Plantain Scientific Name: plantago major Family: Plantaginaceae Uses: Orally: cystitis with hematuria, bronchitis, colds, irritated/bleeding hemorrhoids, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial Topically: dermatological conditions, eye irritation/discomfort Safety: Orally: possibly safe when used appropriately Topically: possibly unsafe due to concerns of contact dermatitis Pregnancy: likely unsafe (orally) because of increase in uterine tone Lactation: insufficient reliable data available; avoid use Efficacy: Overall: insufficient reliable evidence to rate Bronchitis: orally may be beneficial for treating chronic bronchitis Common cold: orally may reduce the symptoms of the common cold Dosing/Administration: Adults: 2-4 grams dried leaf orally three times daily 1-cup tea orally three times daily (steep 2-4 grams dried leaf in 150 mL boiling water for 5-10 minutes, strain) Liquid extract (1:1 in 25% in ethanol) 2-4 mL orally three times daily Tincture (1:5 in 45% in ethanol) 2-4 mL orally three times daily Children: Dosing/administration not listed/rated Adverse Effects: Orally: laxative, hypotensive effects seen when doses taken in excess Topically: contact dermatitis Interactions: Drugs: Warfarin: in theory, plantain may antagonize effects of warfarin due to its vitamin K content. Patients taking warfarin should take consistent amounts of plantain in order to maintain anticoagulant safety/efficacy Foods: Unknown Herbs/Supplements: Unknown Lab Tests: Coagulation tests: in theory, consumption of large amounts of plantain may reduce clotting time due to its vitamin K content Diseases: Melon allergy: plantain pollen may cause cross-reactivity in people allergic to melon Plantain hypersensitivity: contraindicated Mechanism of Action: Applicable parts: leaf, seed Contains low levels of tannins and relatively high levels of vitamin K, beta-carotene, calcium, acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and iridoids.
  • 2. Michael Cefole, PharmD Candidate 2017 Commonwealth Center for Holistic Herbalism Week 1: 9/19/2016 9/23/2016 Herb of the Week: Plantain Animal studies: the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects are attributed to the constituents chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids. Specifically in guinea pigs, an aqueous extract had bronchodilator effects; however, effects were less and had shorter duration than salbutamol or atropine. Extract also lowers blood pressure, and decreases total plasma lipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides. In vitro, it has shown to increase uterine tissue tone. Other research suggests that the leaf has activity against carcinogenesis and mammary tumor formation in experimental animals. Herbalist Experiences: Historical: Finley Ellingwood, MD For years I have used a saturated tincture of this remedy as a dressing in the treatment of fresh cuts, wounds and bruises. It removes or prevents soreness; it promotes healing without the formation of pus, and is in all ways a desirable dressing. I gather the whole plant with the roots. I wash it clean, pound it thoroughly in an iron mortar, chop it fine, put on alcohol and make a saturated tincture. Of this I add one part to about four parts of water, and apply on gauze. Contemporary: Henriette Give the leaf as a tea in dry hacking coughs. It's nicely soothing and cooling. Give the leaf as a tea in various digestive upsets: it's nicely soothing and cooling and healing to the mucous membranes.