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Pls sem analysis on effects of depression, anxiety

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Ahmed Aliyu Palladan, PhD
Ahmed Aliyu Palladan, PhD

This study examined the effects of depression, anxiety, and stress on the research performance of lecturers at tertiary institutions in Northern Nigeria during COVID-19 lockdowns. The researchers used a questionnaire to measure levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and research performance. PLS-SEM analysis revealed that only anxiety had a significant negative impact on research performance, while depression and stress did not significantly affect performance. The study concludes that policies are needed to reduce anxiety among academic staff, such as improving access to information technology, in case future lockdowns occur.

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PLS-SEM Analysis on Effects of Depression, Anxiety AND Stress on Lecturers Research Performance During Covid-19 Lockdown in Nigeria by AHMED ALIYU PALLADAN, ELMAUDE JIBRIL GAMBO RHODA SARKI AWAK
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 HAS WRECKED GLOBAL BUT SIGNIFICANT HAVOC AND DISTRESS ON VIRTUALLY ALL ASPECT OF HUMAN ENDEAVOR RANGING FROM SOCIAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMICAL TO RELIGIOUS, CULTURAL AND EVEN FAMILY BOUND. APART FROM THE EVIDENT PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS IN INFECTED CASES, IT HAS CAUSED SERIOUS DAMAGES TO ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES WHICH BY EXTENSION SEVERELY AFFECTED LECTURERS' PERFORMANCE.
INTRODUCTION (CONT.) THE CURRENT STUDY IS AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLORE THE EFFECTS OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS ON TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS LECTURER¡¯S RESEARCH PERFORMANCE IN NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA DURING THE LOCKDOWN.
THE RESEARCH MODEL STRESS ANXIETY DEPRESSION RESEARCH PERFORMANCE
MATERIAL AND METHODS POPULATION: THE POPULATION OF THE STUDY CONSTITUTE THE ENTIRE ACADEMIC STAFF FROM SELECTED PUBLIC TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA. SAMPLING: THE STUDY ADOPTED THE SNOWBALL SAMPLING TECHNIQUE MEANS OF DATA COLLECTION: AN ONLINE QUESTIONNAIRE WAS DESIGNED USING GOOGLE FORMS. BY MEANS OF WHATSAPP AND TELEGRAPH, THE QUESTIONNAIRE LINK WAS SENT TO PROSPECTIVE ACADEMIC STAFF IN SEVERAL TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS LOCATED IN THE NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA GEOPOLITICAL ZONE.
MATERIAL AND METHODS (CONT.) MEASUREMENT OF CONSTRUCT: FOR STRESS TEN (10) ITEMS WERE ADAPTED FROM THE WORK OF FLIEGE, ET AL. (2005) AND EIGHT (8) ITEMS FROM KROENKE, SPITZ. MORE SO, THE CONSTRUCT OF ANXIETY WAS MEASURED USING SEVEN (7) QUESTIONS FROM THE WORK OF PIZZIE AND KRAEMER, (2019). QUESTIONS WERE TAKEN FROM ROEBUCK, SIHA AND BELL, (2013) TO MEASURE DEPRESSION. NINE (9) ITEMS FROM CENTRA, (1977) WERE ALSO USED TO MEASURE LECTURERS RESEARCH PERFORMANCE. SCALE: ALL THE CONSTRUCTS ARE MEASURED USING SIX LIKERT SCALE METHOD OF ANALYSIS: PLS SEM 3 WAS USED FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND HYPOTHESIS TESTING
RESULTS FOR MESUREMENT MODEL
MEASUREMENT MODEL (cont.) Discriminant Validity of Constructs Table Variables Anxiety Depression Research Performance Stress Anxiety 0.785 Depression 0.548 0.755 Research Performance -0.541 -0.324 0.732 Stress 0.541 0.670 -0.399 0.669
RESULTS FOR STRUCTURAL MODEL Loadings, AVE, CR, Cronbach¡¯s ¦Á Table Variables Items Loadings AVE CR Cronbach¡¯s ¦Á Anxiety AN1 0.778 0.617 0.889 0.845 AN2 0.817 AN3 0.827 AN4 0.815 AN5 0.680 Depression DP2 0.751 0.571 0.888 0.851 DP3 0.720 DP4 0.783 DP6 0.790 DP7 0.729 DP8 0.756 Stress ST1 0.676 0.448 0.889 0.863 ST10 0.673 ST2 0.684 ST3 0.609 ST4 0.684 ST5 0.809 ST6 0.558 ST7 0.678 ST8 0.600 ST9 0.692 Research Performance RP1 0.870 0.536 0.845 0.774 RP2 0.856 RP3 0.823 RP6 0.508 RP7 0.505
RESULT FOR STRUCTURAL MODEL (Cont.)
HYPOTHESES TESTING Table 4: Path Coefficient Hypotheses Relationship SD T Statistics (|O/STDEV|) P Values Decision Anxiety -> Research Performance 0.094 5.040 0.000 Supported Depression_ -> Research 0.115 0.495 0.621 Not Supported Stress -> Research Performance 0.101 1.779 0.076 Not Supported
CONCLUSION THE FINDINGS REVEALED BY THIS PAPER SHOWS THAT ONLY ONE (I.E ANXIETY) OUT OF THE THREE VARIABLES PROPOSED BY THE RESEARCHER (ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS) WAS FOUND TO AFFECT RESEARCH PERFORMANCE OF LECTURERS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS SITUATED IN THE NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA GEOPOLITICAL ZONE. THUS, THE STUDY PROPOSE FOR INTRODUCTION OF POLICIES THAT CAN CURTAIL THE IMPACT OF ANXIETY AMONG ACADEMIC STAFF ESPECIALLY DURING FUTURE LOCKDOWN IN CASE IT HAPPENS AGAIN. THIS COULD BE BY INTENSIFYING ACCESS AND USAGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY BY THE ACADEMIC STAFF.
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Pls sem analysis on effects of depression, anxiety

  • 1. PLS-SEM Analysis on Effects of Depression, Anxiety AND Stress on Lecturers Research Performance During Covid-19 Lockdown in Nigeria by AHMED ALIYU PALLADAN, ELMAUDE JIBRIL GAMBO RHODA SARKI AWAK
  • 2. INTRODUCTION COVID-19 HAS WRECKED GLOBAL BUT SIGNIFICANT HAVOC AND DISTRESS ON VIRTUALLY ALL ASPECT OF HUMAN ENDEAVOR RANGING FROM SOCIAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMICAL TO RELIGIOUS, CULTURAL AND EVEN FAMILY BOUND. APART FROM THE EVIDENT PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS IN INFECTED CASES, IT HAS CAUSED SERIOUS DAMAGES TO ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES WHICH BY EXTENSION SEVERELY AFFECTED LECTURERS' PERFORMANCE.
  • 3. INTRODUCTION (CONT.) THE CURRENT STUDY IS AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLORE THE EFFECTS OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS ON TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS LECTURER¡¯S RESEARCH PERFORMANCE IN NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA DURING THE LOCKDOWN.
  • 5. MATERIAL AND METHODS POPULATION: THE POPULATION OF THE STUDY CONSTITUTE THE ENTIRE ACADEMIC STAFF FROM SELECTED PUBLIC TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA. SAMPLING: THE STUDY ADOPTED THE SNOWBALL SAMPLING TECHNIQUE MEANS OF DATA COLLECTION: AN ONLINE QUESTIONNAIRE WAS DESIGNED USING GOOGLE FORMS. BY MEANS OF WHATSAPP AND TELEGRAPH, THE QUESTIONNAIRE LINK WAS SENT TO PROSPECTIVE ACADEMIC STAFF IN SEVERAL TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS LOCATED IN THE NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA GEOPOLITICAL ZONE.
  • 6. MATERIAL AND METHODS (CONT.) MEASUREMENT OF CONSTRUCT: FOR STRESS TEN (10) ITEMS WERE ADAPTED FROM THE WORK OF FLIEGE, ET AL. (2005) AND EIGHT (8) ITEMS FROM KROENKE, SPITZ. MORE SO, THE CONSTRUCT OF ANXIETY WAS MEASURED USING SEVEN (7) QUESTIONS FROM THE WORK OF PIZZIE AND KRAEMER, (2019). QUESTIONS WERE TAKEN FROM ROEBUCK, SIHA AND BELL, (2013) TO MEASURE DEPRESSION. NINE (9) ITEMS FROM CENTRA, (1977) WERE ALSO USED TO MEASURE LECTURERS RESEARCH PERFORMANCE. SCALE: ALL THE CONSTRUCTS ARE MEASURED USING SIX LIKERT SCALE METHOD OF ANALYSIS: PLS SEM 3 WAS USED FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND HYPOTHESIS TESTING
  • 8. MEASUREMENT MODEL (cont.) Discriminant Validity of Constructs Table Variables Anxiety Depression Research Performance Stress Anxiety 0.785 Depression 0.548 0.755 Research Performance -0.541 -0.324 0.732 Stress 0.541 0.670 -0.399 0.669
  • 9. RESULTS FOR STRUCTURAL MODEL Loadings, AVE, CR, Cronbach¡¯s ¦Á Table Variables Items Loadings AVE CR Cronbach¡¯s ¦Á Anxiety AN1 0.778 0.617 0.889 0.845 AN2 0.817 AN3 0.827 AN4 0.815 AN5 0.680 Depression DP2 0.751 0.571 0.888 0.851 DP3 0.720 DP4 0.783 DP6 0.790 DP7 0.729 DP8 0.756 Stress ST1 0.676 0.448 0.889 0.863 ST10 0.673 ST2 0.684 ST3 0.609 ST4 0.684 ST5 0.809 ST6 0.558 ST7 0.678 ST8 0.600 ST9 0.692 Research Performance RP1 0.870 0.536 0.845 0.774 RP2 0.856 RP3 0.823 RP6 0.508 RP7 0.505
  • 11. HYPOTHESES TESTING Table 4: Path Coefficient Hypotheses Relationship SD T Statistics (|O/STDEV|) P Values Decision Anxiety -> Research Performance 0.094 5.040 0.000 Supported Depression_ -> Research 0.115 0.495 0.621 Not Supported Stress -> Research Performance 0.101 1.779 0.076 Not Supported
  • 12. CONCLUSION THE FINDINGS REVEALED BY THIS PAPER SHOWS THAT ONLY ONE (I.E ANXIETY) OUT OF THE THREE VARIABLES PROPOSED BY THE RESEARCHER (ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS) WAS FOUND TO AFFECT RESEARCH PERFORMANCE OF LECTURERS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS SITUATED IN THE NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA GEOPOLITICAL ZONE. THUS, THE STUDY PROPOSE FOR INTRODUCTION OF POLICIES THAT CAN CURTAIL THE IMPACT OF ANXIETY AMONG ACADEMIC STAFF ESPECIALLY DURING FUTURE LOCKDOWN IN CASE IT HAPPENS AGAIN. THIS COULD BE BY INTENSIFYING ACCESS AND USAGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY BY THE ACADEMIC STAFF.