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Pmpulkit agron- 221

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Lentil is one of the oldest crops originating in the Near East and Mediterranean region. It is a hardy crop that can tolerate frost and cold temperatures during its vegetative growth. Lentils are grown predominantly in Asia and provide protein, calcium, iron and other nutrients. There are two main varieties - small seeded types grown in India and Asia, and large seeded types in the Mediterranean region. Lentils prefer loose, well-drained soil rich in organic matter and are grown during the rabi season, with seed sowing from October onwards. Proper weed, pest and disease management is required to maximize yields of 1.8-2.0 tonnes per hectare.

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PACIFIC COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, UDAIPUR SUBJECT:- CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY 2 (RABI CROPS) TOPIC :- LENTIL SUBMITTED TO :- DR. G.L. SHARMA SIR SUBMITTED BY:- PULKIT MITTAL
LENTIL (MASUR) Lens culinaris / Lens esculenta 2n = 14
ORIGIN:- Lentil or masur is one of the oldest crops that originated in near east & mediterranean region. Egypt is its origin. It is grown in Spain, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Syria.
CLASSIFICATION :- There are two cultivated species of genus Lens i.e. Lens esculenta Moench and Lens culinaris Medik. The cultivated species L. esculenta are classified into 2 sub groups according to size of the seed. Sub-species microsperma (Small seeded): They have small seed of 2-6 mm diameter and are produced in India, Africa and Asia. Pods are complex and small. Sub-species macrosperma (Bold seeded): They have large seeds of 6-9 mm diameter and are grown in Mediterranean region and North America. Mostly pods are flat and large.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:- Globally lentil shares 5% of the total area under pulses. [Predominantly grown in Asia (80%)] This pulse crop is predominantly grown in Asia followed by north & eastern Africa, north central America & southern Europe.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:- IT is rich in PROTEIN (26%), CALCIUM (560ppm), IRON (7.54mg). Lentils are a supply of essential fatty acids, essential amino acids and trace minerals. The dry leaves & stems, empty pods & broken bits all are used as cattle feed. Lentil residues from important livestock feed. It improves the fertility of soil biological nitrogen fixation. Lentil seeds also provide a source of starch for textiles & printing.
CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT:- It requires cold temperature during its vegetative growth & warm temperature at the time of maturity. It is very hardy & can tolerate frost & severe winter to a great extent. The optimum temperature for its growth & development ranges from 18 to 30 oC.
SOIL REQUIREMENT:- Lentils prefer loose, well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Lentils will grow in poor soil but the yield will be reduced. Lentils will not grow well in water- logged soil. Lentils grow best in a soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.5.
VARIETIES:- The small-seeded varieties resistant to rust are Pant L 406, Pant L 639, Pant L 4 and LL l47. Bold-seeded varieties resistant to rust and tolerant to wilt are Lens 4076, LH 844, DPL 15 and DPL 62. The other high yielding bold seeded recommended varieties are:- Haryana Masar 1: It is recommended for cultivation in whole Haryana. It is a small seeded variety and released for cultivation in 2005. It matures in about 140 days and average yield is 16.0- 17.5 q/ha.
Sapna : It is bold seeded variety recommended for irrigated areas. It matures in about 140 days and average yield is 15 q/ha. Seeds are with small blackish tints.
CULTURAL PRACTICES:- Field preparation :- Soil should be made friable and weed free so that seed could be placed at a uniform depth. In case of light soils, less tillage is required to prepare an ideal seed-bed. In heavy soils, one deep ploughing followed by 2-3 cross harrowing. After harrowing, the field should be leveled by giving a gentle slope for easy irrigation. There should be proper moisture in the soil at the time of sowing for proper germination of seeds.
Sowing time:- seed is sown in second fortnight of October under rainfed conditions. Seed rate:- The seed rate is 30- 40 kg/ha for small-seeded varieties and 4550 kg/ha for boldseeded varieties and late sowing. The lentil seed should be treated with rhizobium culture before sowing. Method of sowing :- Show the crop with plough or seed drill in lines with row spacing of 22.5 cm. Under late sown condition the crop can be planted at 18 cm spacing.
Fertilizer requirement :- N : P : K = 20:40:20 Kg/hac. Full dose of fertilizers should be applied at sowing time. Zn @ 25 kg/hac. ( zinc defeciency areas) Irrigation management :- First irrigation should be given at 45 days after sowing and second, if needed, at pod filling stage. Weed management :- In the crop of lentil period from 30 to 60 days after sowing is most critical for competition with weeds. The major weeds found in lentil fields are Chenopodium album (Bathua), Lathyrus spp. (chatrimatri) & Vicia sativa (ankari) etc. Two weedings 30 and 60 days after sowing are adequate. Weedicides like fluchloralin (pre-plant incorporation) and pendimethalin (pre-emergence) @ 0.75-1.0 kg/ha can be used for effective weed control.
Pest and disease management :- The major diseases of lentil are rust in northern plain & wilt in Central zone. Use of resistant varieties is helpful in controlling the disease - small seeded Rust resistant : PL-406, PL-639, PL-4, and L- 4147 ; bold seeded Rust resistant : L- 4076, DPL-15, IPL- 406, DPL-62 etc. Pest is not a major problem in lentil. In some years aphid population rises due to rise in temperature during January of February, and causes heavy damage. Spray of Monocrotophos (0.04%) is effective for aphid control.
HARVESTING:- Crop become ready for harvest when leaves begin to fall, stem and pod turn brown or straw in colour and seeds are hard and rattle with 15% moisture inside them. THRESHING:- Over ripening may lead to fall of pods as well as shattering and seed cracking if seed moisture fall below 10% due to delay in harvesting. The crop should be allowed to dry for 4-7 days on threshing floor and threshed by manually or bullock/power drawn thresher. The clean seed should be sun dried for 3-4 days to bring their moisture content at 9-10%. STORAGE:- The seed should be safely stored in appropriate bins
YIELD:- A well-managed crop yields about 1.8-2.0 tonnes grain and 3.0-4.0 tonnes/ha of straw.
Pmpulkit agron- 221

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Pmpulkit agron- 221

  • 1. PACIFIC COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, UDAIPUR SUBJECT:- CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY 2 (RABI CROPS) TOPIC :- LENTIL SUBMITTED TO :- DR. G.L. SHARMA SIR SUBMITTED BY:- PULKIT MITTAL
  • 2. LENTIL (MASUR) Lens culinaris / Lens esculenta 2n = 14
  • 3. ORIGIN:- Lentil or masur is one of the oldest crops that originated in near east & mediterranean region. Egypt is its origin. It is grown in Spain, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Syria.
  • 4. CLASSIFICATION :- There are two cultivated species of genus Lens i.e. Lens esculenta Moench and Lens culinaris Medik. The cultivated species L. esculenta are classified into 2 sub groups according to size of the seed. Sub-species microsperma (Small seeded): They have small seed of 2-6 mm diameter and are produced in India, Africa and Asia. Pods are complex and small. Sub-species macrosperma (Bold seeded): They have large seeds of 6-9 mm diameter and are grown in Mediterranean region and North America. Mostly pods are flat and large.
  • 5. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:- Globally lentil shares 5% of the total area under pulses. [Predominantly grown in Asia (80%)] This pulse crop is predominantly grown in Asia followed by north & eastern Africa, north central America & southern Europe.
  • 6. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:- IT is rich in PROTEIN (26%), CALCIUM (560ppm), IRON (7.54mg). Lentils are a supply of essential fatty acids, essential amino acids and trace minerals. The dry leaves & stems, empty pods & broken bits all are used as cattle feed. Lentil residues from important livestock feed. It improves the fertility of soil biological nitrogen fixation. Lentil seeds also provide a source of starch for textiles & printing.
  • 7. CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT:- It requires cold temperature during its vegetative growth & warm temperature at the time of maturity. It is very hardy & can tolerate frost & severe winter to a great extent. The optimum temperature for its growth & development ranges from 18 to 30 oC.
  • 8. SOIL REQUIREMENT:- Lentils prefer loose, well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Lentils will grow in poor soil but the yield will be reduced. Lentils will not grow well in water- logged soil. Lentils grow best in a soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.5.
  • 9. VARIETIES:- The small-seeded varieties resistant to rust are Pant L 406, Pant L 639, Pant L 4 and LL l47. Bold-seeded varieties resistant to rust and tolerant to wilt are Lens 4076, LH 844, DPL 15 and DPL 62. The other high yielding bold seeded recommended varieties are:- Haryana Masar 1: It is recommended for cultivation in whole Haryana. It is a small seeded variety and released for cultivation in 2005. It matures in about 140 days and average yield is 16.0- 17.5 q/ha.
  • 10. Sapna : It is bold seeded variety recommended for irrigated areas. It matures in about 140 days and average yield is 15 q/ha. Seeds are with small blackish tints.
  • 11. CULTURAL PRACTICES:- Field preparation :- Soil should be made friable and weed free so that seed could be placed at a uniform depth. In case of light soils, less tillage is required to prepare an ideal seed-bed. In heavy soils, one deep ploughing followed by 2-3 cross harrowing. After harrowing, the field should be leveled by giving a gentle slope for easy irrigation. There should be proper moisture in the soil at the time of sowing for proper germination of seeds.
  • 12. Sowing time:- seed is sown in second fortnight of October under rainfed conditions. Seed rate:- The seed rate is 30- 40 kg/ha for small-seeded varieties and 4550 kg/ha for boldseeded varieties and late sowing. The lentil seed should be treated with rhizobium culture before sowing. Method of sowing :- Show the crop with plough or seed drill in lines with row spacing of 22.5 cm. Under late sown condition the crop can be planted at 18 cm spacing.
  • 13. Fertilizer requirement :- N : P : K = 20:40:20 Kg/hac. Full dose of fertilizers should be applied at sowing time. Zn @ 25 kg/hac. ( zinc defeciency areas) Irrigation management :- First irrigation should be given at 45 days after sowing and second, if needed, at pod filling stage. Weed management :- In the crop of lentil period from 30 to 60 days after sowing is most critical for competition with weeds. The major weeds found in lentil fields are Chenopodium album (Bathua), Lathyrus spp. (chatrimatri) & Vicia sativa (ankari) etc. Two weedings 30 and 60 days after sowing are adequate. Weedicides like fluchloralin (pre-plant incorporation) and pendimethalin (pre-emergence) @ 0.75-1.0 kg/ha can be used for effective weed control.
  • 14. Pest and disease management :- The major diseases of lentil are rust in northern plain & wilt in Central zone. Use of resistant varieties is helpful in controlling the disease - small seeded Rust resistant : PL-406, PL-639, PL-4, and L- 4147 ; bold seeded Rust resistant : L- 4076, DPL-15, IPL- 406, DPL-62 etc. Pest is not a major problem in lentil. In some years aphid population rises due to rise in temperature during January of February, and causes heavy damage. Spray of Monocrotophos (0.04%) is effective for aphid control.
  • 15. HARVESTING:- Crop become ready for harvest when leaves begin to fall, stem and pod turn brown or straw in colour and seeds are hard and rattle with 15% moisture inside them. THRESHING:- Over ripening may lead to fall of pods as well as shattering and seed cracking if seed moisture fall below 10% due to delay in harvesting. The crop should be allowed to dry for 4-7 days on threshing floor and threshed by manually or bullock/power drawn thresher. The clean seed should be sun dried for 3-4 days to bring their moisture content at 9-10%. STORAGE:- The seed should be safely stored in appropriate bins
  • 16. YIELD:- A well-managed crop yields about 1.8-2.0 tonnes grain and 3.0-4.0 tonnes/ha of straw.