Poam

Dec 19, 2010Download as ppt, pdf

0 likes661 views

This document discusses the potential use of photon orbital angular momentum (POAM) in astrophysics. It covers topics like how POAM arises from the spatial structure of light beams, techniques to measure POAM using interferometers, and potential astrophysical applications including using masers to probe astronomical structures, searching for signs of intelligent life with POAM, and detecting black holes.

Photo Orbital Angular Momentum in Astrophysics (By Martin Harwit ApJ, 2003, Vol. 597, 1266) �ܽ�� 廪��ѧ��

Contents Introduction Multipole Fields Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Astrophysical Applications Conclusion Dove-PrismMach-Zehnder Interferometers Astronomical Limitations Masers as Probes of Inhomogeneities Luminous Point Sources SETI Transfer of OAM by Kerr Black Holes Blackbody Radiation and the CMB

1. Spin Angular Momentum Photons are endowed with inherent spin angular momentum . This is demonstrated by the selection laws in atomic physics, where Photons all carrying the same spin are circularly polarized .

1. Spin Angular Momentum Plane waves are the superposition of circularly polarized photons . They actually don��t exist physically, just as that white light photons don��t exist either. Plane waves carry no angular momentum. K (r) E H

1. Detection of Spin Angular Momentum Beth Experiment in 1936 (Phys. Rev.) Left circularly polarized light Right circularly polarized light ? /2 birefringent plate

1. Photon Orbital Angular Momentum Laser light with a Laguerre-Gaussian amplitude distribution is found to have a well-defined orbital angular momentum . (Allen, 1992, PRA) Usually, a photon just has its spin angular momentum . It is also possible to possess a larger angular momentum of . Beams of photons each with OAM as high as m =200 have been produced in lab. (Curtis et al., 2002, Opt. Commun.)

2. Multipole Fields (Classical Electrodynamics) Spherical electromagnetic waves in free space, where can be completely described by superpositions of electric and magnetic multipole fields. For electric multipole (TM model), For magnetic multipole (TE model),

2. Multipole Fields (Classical Electrodynamics) For electric multipole radiation, Each photon, with energy , here carries off angular momentum

2. Multipole Fields (Quantum Electrodynamics) In quantum electrodynamics, angular momentum J becomes an operator. Spin and orbital angular momentum may not always be clearly separable.

2. Comparison between Spin and Orbital AM

3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Dove-Prism Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Sort photons with odd and even OAM Phases are controlled by rotation and path.

3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Photon orbital angular momentum (POAM) produced by a spiral phase plate

3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Photon orbital ang(POAM) produced by a spiral phase plate

3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM

4. Astrophysical Applications Masers as Probes of Inhomogeneities

4. Astrophysical Applications SETI��Search Extra Terrestrial Intelligence

4. Astrophysical Applications Detect Kerr Black Holes

Photons are more complex than we have known!

This document summarizes the history and applications of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in optical communication. It discusses key discoveries such as the identification of OAM in photons in 1932, the generation of helical beams using cylindrical lenses in 1992, and the first demonstration of free-space optical communication using OAM-multiplexed beams in 2004. More recent work has achieved terabit data transmission rates using OAM multiplexing combined with polarization multiplexing. OAM enables high-capacity communication by using the unlimited angular momentum states of each photon to encode information.

CBSE Deleted Syllabus Class 11, 12 Physics 2020-21Anand Meena

This document outlines the syllabus for Physics for classes 11 and 12 of the CBSE Board. For class 11, topics include physical laws, motion, forces, systems of particles, gravitation, properties of solids, heat, thermodynamics, and waves. Experiments are reduced to 8 from 12. For class 12, topics cover electricity, current, magnetism, electromagnetic waves, optics, dual nature of light and matter, nuclei, and semiconductors. Again, experiments are reduced to 8. The syllabus provides an overview of the key concepts and chapters covered in the CBSE Physics curriculum for the two years of higher secondary education.

Free space optical communication (2)Hunter Rew

This document discusses orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in Bessel-Gauss beams and how atmospheric turbulence can cause crosstalk between modes. It describes how Bessel-Gauss beams are generated using axicons and modulated with OAM phases. Experiments were conducted using spatial light modulators to generate multiplexed OAM modes and measure the influence of simulated turbulence on power transmission and spreading between modes. Future work is proposed to further study turbulence effects over longer propagation distances and use mode sorting techniques.

Ldb Convergenze Parallele_11laboratoridalbasso

1. Ion traps use oscillating electric fields to confine charged particles like ions in three dimensions. Paul traps are a common type of ion trap that use radio frequency (RF) and DC electric fields to dynamically trap ions. 2. Trapped ions can be laser cooled and manipulated with laser beams, allowing experiments in quantum optics and quantum information processing. Multiple ions can be trapped together and their vibrational modes and interactions studied. 3. By coupling trapped ion internal states like atomic energy levels to motional modes using laser beams, quantum gates can be implemented to process quantum information with ions. This enables building basic elements of a trapped ion quantum computer.

MRIAweshYadav1

Physics of atomZeeshan Khalid

This document discusses the physics of atoms and their subatomic particles. It describes the Bohr model of the atom, which depicts electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed orbits or shells. When electrons move between these shells, energy is absorbed or emitted in the form of radiation. The document also outlines the discoveries of subatomic particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons through experiments such as Rutherford's gold foil experiment and Chadwick's work. Finally, it provides the names, symbols, masses, and charges of the basic particles that make up an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

High Precision, Not High Energy: Using Atomic Physics to Look Beyond the Stan...Chad Orzel

The document discusses various methods to probe new physics beyond the Standard Model using atomic and particle physics techniques, including direct creation, passive detection, and precision measurement. It highlights the significance of parity violations in atoms and the exploration of atomic parity violation (APV) experiments in cesium and francium to test electroweak physics and search for exotic phenomena. Additionally, it details historical context, current experimental techniques, and the challenges of accurately measuring subtle effects that may indicate new physics.

Cold atoms trapped by nanostructuresGabriel O'Brien

1) Laser cooling uses lasers to cool atoms to very low temperatures, creating clouds of cold atoms. It involves using counter-propagating laser beams slightly detuned from the atomic resonance to create friction and cool atomic motion. 2) In 1985, an optical molasses was first observed, cooling atoms to below 1 mK. However, optical molasses have low density due to the lack of a restoring force. Jean Dalibard then proposed using polarized light and a magnetic field gradient to create a restoring force in a magneto-optical trap (MOT), greatly increasing atom density. 3) Now, researchers have demonstrated an efficient way to generate the laser beam configuration for a MOT or molasses using a

Femto PhotographySyed Lateef

The document presents an overview of femto-photography and the underlying theories of light, discussing its properties as both particles and waves. It highlights the advances in imaging technologies, particularly the trillion frames per second capability, and applications in various fields like medical imaging and robotic navigation. Advantages such as capturing images around corners are contrasted with disadvantages including high costs and data blurring.

High Precision, Not High Energy: Using Atomic Physics to Look Beyond the Stan...Chad Orzel

This document discusses advanced techniques in atomic physics aimed at discovering new physics beyond the Standard Model, particularly through precise frequency measurements using atomic clocks and Ramsey interferometry. It highlights methods for detecting variations in fundamental constants and testing for Lorentz and CPT symmetry violations with experimental precision. The document emphasizes the ongoing potential for uncovering new physics using improved measurement techniques and exploring exotic systems.

Ion trap quantum computationGabriel O'Brien

Ion traps offer a possible solution to the challenge of building a quantum computer by isolating ions as physical qubits. Ion traps use oscillating electric fields to confine ions in a line, isolating them from the environment while still allowing for manipulation and interaction through laser beams and the Coulomb force. The linear Paul trap in particular was inspired by Wolfgang Paul observing eggs on a tray and forms the basis for trapped ion quantum computation.

Discovering Your Inner ScientistChad Orzel

Pigments and Colors:Extraction,CharacterizationPRUTHVIRAJ K

The document discusses various purification and characterization techniques in organic chemistry, including methods such as column chromatography, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. It details how these techniques rely on principles like adsorption, electromagnetic radiation interaction, and molecular vibration to separate and analyze compounds. The applications of these methods span identifying functional groups, determining molecular structures, and analyzing both organic and inorganic materials.

Presentation on edtWaj Jenny Bunny

This document discusses electrodynamic tethers, which use the Lorentz force from the interaction of electric current in the tether and the Earth's magnetic field to produce propulsion. It provides a history of tethers, explains how they work based on electromagnetic principles, and discusses their applications such as deorbiting satellites. Electrodynamic tethers provide a propellantless option for orbital maneuvers but require stabilization techniques due to inherent instability. They have advantages of being reusable, environmentally friendly, and low-cost compared to traditional chemical rockets.

Tailoring Magnetic Anisotropies in Ferromagnetic Semiconductorsdziatkowski

The document discusses magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic semiconductors. It begins by defining magnetic anisotropy and its sources, including shape, magnetocrystalline, and spin-orbit anisotropy. It then discusses dilute magnetic semiconductors and their ferromagnetism mediated by holes interacting with magnetic dopants. Various measurement techniques are presented for characterizing magnetic anisotropy phenomena, including identifying easy axes. Finally, examples of anisotropy engineering are given, such as strain-induced and atomic step-induced anisotropy in materials like (Ga,Mn)As.

Plasma propulsionm2p2Clifford Stone

Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2) is a proposed method of using the solar wind as a free energy source to facilitate high-speed spacecraft for exploration of the solar system and beyond. M2P2 works by creating a mini-magnetic field around the spacecraft using low-energy plasma injections, which is then carried by the solar wind similar to the interaction of the solar wind with planetary magnetospheres. Computer simulations and laboratory experiments show M2P2 could accelerate a 100-200kg spacecraft to 50-80km/s in 3 months using only 15-30kg of propellant. M2P2 also provides large-scale radiation shielding and has the potential to enable faster

ELECTRODYANAMIC TETHERVandana Krishna

1. Electrodynamic tethers use the interaction between electric current in a conducting tether and Earth's magnetic field to propel spacecraft. As the tether moves through the magnetic field, a voltage is induced along its length. 2. When current is run through the tether, the Lorentz force from the magnetic field can be used for propulsion. Current can be collected from ionospheric plasma to de-orbit a satellite or an external power source can overcome the induced voltage to boost an orbit. 3. Tethers provide propellantless propulsion and can lower the cost of in-space transportation by reducing the need to launch propellant from Earth. Potential applications include de-orbiting satellites

Gravitational wavesnaveen yadav

This document provides an overview of gravitational waves. It begins by explaining that Einstein's theory of general relativity predicted gravitational waves: ripples in spacetime created by accelerating massive objects. The document then discusses the sources of gravitational waves, including black holes and neutron stars, and the different types of gravitational waves they can produce. It describes how the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detects gravitational waves using interferometers, which measure interference patterns to study passing gravitational waves. Finally, it discusses why detecting gravitational waves can provide new insights into the universe and mentions plans to build the LIGO-India detector through a collaboration between US and Indian institutions.

ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHERwasiuddinazmi

This document discusses electrodynamic tethers (EDTs), which are long conducting wires that can be deployed from satellites to provide propulsion through interaction with Earth's magnetic field. EDTs work by passing a current through the tether, which generates a Lorentz force perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field. This force can be used to accelerate a satellite or lower its orbit. EDTs offer advantages over traditional rocket thrusters as they require no propellant. The document outlines the principle, working, applications such as deorbiting space junk, and future prospects of EDTs, concluding that they can provide a cost-effective means of propulsion and power in space.

Sbf2016Alberto Tufaile

This document discusses using ferrofluids and magnetic fields to manipulate light polarization. Ferrofluids are liquids containing magnetic nanoparticles that can form complex patterns when exposed to magnetic fields. These patterns can be observed between polarized light filters. The experimental apparatus uses a ferrofluid cell containing a magnetic field created by magnets. Different magnet configurations produce unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar field geometries, visualized by the ferrofluid patterns between crossed polarizers. Potential applications include characterizing magnets and magnetic assemblies. The patterns resemble modes in optical cavities, providing an analogy to describe the interactions between light and magnetic fields using ferrofluids.

PHOTON THEORY OF LIGHTHanna Elise

This document discusses the photon theory of light and its history. It describes how Galileo Galilei and Ole Roemer attempted to measure the speed of light in the 1600s. It explains that Isaac Newton viewed light as particles called photons, but that this particle theory could not explain the phenomena of light interference. Albert Einstein later revived the photon theory and introduced the photoelectric effect to help explain light interference. The document also discusses how photons have properties of both particles and waves, and how atomic spectra relate to photons and electron energy levels within atoms.

Apartes de la Charla: ASTROF?SICA RELATIVISTA �C FOCUS: ASTROF?SICA DE ONDAS G...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO

This document discusses relativistic astrophysics with a focus on black holes and gravitational waves, particularly the LIGO event GW150914, which marked a significant observation of a binary black hole merger. It critiques various aspects of the event, including the assumptions behind the existence of black holes, the speed of gravitational waves, and the mathematical approximations used in their analysis. The document emphasizes the need for further clarification on these issues and points out the limitations of current statistical claims based on single-event observations.

Persentation on magnetometerEngr. Ijaz Ul Haq

Magnetometers are instruments used to measure magnetic fields. There are two main types: vector magnetometers measure the direction and magnitude of magnetic fields, while scalar magnetometers measure only magnitude. Common vector magnetometer types include induction coil, fluxgate, and SQUID, while scalar types are proton precession and optically pumped. Magnetometers are used to study the Earth's magnetic field and detect magnetic anomalies. The Earth's field is generated by electric currents in the Earth's core and ionosphere. Magnetometer measurements provide information about these fields and currents.

M2 p2jun01Clifford Stone

This document proposes a concept called Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2) that would create a magnetic bubble around a spacecraft that is pushed by the solar wind, providing thrust with low power. It has the potential to transport payloads faster and farther than conventional propulsion. The document outlines the science behind M2P2, describes prototypes that generated strong magnetic fields and plasma, and demonstrated inflation and solar wind deflection. Future work includes verifying thrust efficiency and testing different propellants for possible applications like missions to Mars.

B.tech. ii engineering chemistry unit-5 B spectroscopic techniquesRai University

This document provides an overview of molecular spectroscopy techniques, including infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. It discusses how each technique works, including how infrared spectroscopy analyzes the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by molecules, how NMR analyzes the absorption and emission of radio waves by atomic nuclei, and how mass spectrometry analyzes the mass-to-charge ratio of molecular and atomic ions. It also outlines common applications and uses of each technique in fields like analytical chemistry and forensic analysis.

Spp sweap nes_osa_oct2011nishmoh

The document discusses the Solar Wind Electrons, Alphas, and Protons (SWEAP) instrument suite aboard the Solar Probe Plus mission. SWEAP will make detailed measurements of solar wind particles to help solve mysteries like why the solar corona is so much hotter than the surface and how the solar wind is accelerated. Key measurements include particle velocities, densities, temperatures, and anisotropies to better understand kinetic physics processes and trace the flow of energy in the solar atmosphere.

Mini magnetosphericplasmapropulsionClifford Stone

The document discusses Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2), a proposed method of spacecraft propulsion using plasma injection and magnetic fields. It proposes that M2P2 could enable high-speed exploration of the solar system and beyond by attaining speeds of 50-80 km/s in a 3 month acceleration period. Computer simulations have shown the feasibility and a lab prototype is being constructed. Near-term goals are to demonstrate magnetic wall inflation and specify a proof-of-principle spacecraft mission. M2P2 could facilitate exploration of the outer solar system.

Relativistic propulsionPooja S

This document discusses recent advances in rocket propulsion technologies, focusing on interplanetary and interstellar flight applications. It describes deuterium micro-bomb rocket propulsion which uses a proton beam to ignite a fusion explosive, generating thrust. Relativistic propulsion concepts are also discussed, including photon propulsion and antimatter annihilation. The most promising approach proposed is a matter-antimatter gigaelectron volt gamma ray laser rocket which could achieve relativistic velocities through the complete conversion of mass to radiation via proton-antiproton annihilation. However, challenges to the practical implementation of antimatter propulsion systems remain due to the extremely inefficient production of antimatter.

QuantumRizza Mae Salarda ?

Talk spinoam photonMichael London

This document discusses the spin and orbital angular momentum of photons. It begins by introducing Maxwell's equations and quantizing the electromagnetic field operators. It then derives expressions for the linear momentum and total angular momentum operators in terms of creation and annihilation operators. It shows that the linear momentum operator is constant, while the total angular momentum operator changes in time due to its spin component. Finally, it decomposes the total angular momentum into orbital angular momentum and spin parts.

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Femto PhotographySyed Lateef

High Precision, Not High Energy: Using Atomic Physics to Look Beyond the Stan...Chad Orzel

Ion trap quantum computationGabriel O'Brien

Discovering Your Inner ScientistChad Orzel

Pigments and Colors:Extraction,CharacterizationPRUTHVIRAJ K

Presentation on edtWaj Jenny Bunny

Tailoring Magnetic Anisotropies in Ferromagnetic Semiconductorsdziatkowski

Plasma propulsionm2p2Clifford Stone

ELECTRODYANAMIC TETHERVandana Krishna

Gravitational wavesnaveen yadav

ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHERwasiuddinazmi

Sbf2016Alberto Tufaile

PHOTON THEORY OF LIGHTHanna Elise

Apartes de la Charla: ASTROF?SICA RELATIVISTA �C FOCUS: ASTROF?SICA DE ONDAS G...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO

Persentation on magnetometerEngr. Ijaz Ul Haq

M2 p2jun01Clifford Stone

B.tech. ii engineering chemistry unit-5 B spectroscopic techniquesRai University

Spp sweap nes_osa_oct2011nishmoh

Mini magnetosphericplasmapropulsionClifford Stone

Relativistic propulsionPooja S

Femto PhotographySyed Lateef

High Precision, Not High Energy: Using Atomic Physics to Look Beyond the Stan...Chad Orzel

Ion trap quantum computationGabriel O'Brien

Discovering Your Inner ScientistChad Orzel

Pigments and Colors:Extraction,CharacterizationPRUTHVIRAJ K

Presentation on edtWaj Jenny Bunny

Tailoring Magnetic Anisotropies in Ferromagnetic Semiconductorsdziatkowski

Plasma propulsionm2p2Clifford Stone

ELECTRODYANAMIC TETHERVandana Krishna

Gravitational wavesnaveen yadav

ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHERwasiuddinazmi

Sbf2016Alberto Tufaile

PHOTON THEORY OF LIGHTHanna Elise

Apartes de la Charla: ASTROF?SICA RELATIVISTA �C FOCUS: ASTROF?SICA DE ONDAS G...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO

Persentation on magnetometerEngr. Ijaz Ul Haq

M2 p2jun01Clifford Stone

B.tech. ii engineering chemistry unit-5 B spectroscopic techniquesRai University

Spp sweap nes_osa_oct2011nishmoh

Mini magnetosphericplasmapropulsionClifford Stone

Relativistic propulsionPooja S

Viewers also liked (14)

QuantumRizza Mae Salarda ?

Talk spinoam photonMichael London

reportAyushi Malviya

The document summarizes research conducted on generating and characterizing optical vortices, as well as sorting their orbital angular momentum states. Optical vortices, also known as twisted light beams, have a helical wavefront and carry orbital angular momentum. The research involved using computer-generated holography to create optical vortices with different topological charges, which was verified using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Additionally, a Sagnac interferometer was used to separate the even and odd orbital angular momentum states of Laguerre-Gaussian beams.

Ps5 atoms and moleculesMr. M

All matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms of different elements are distinguished by their number of protons. Elements can combine to form compounds, like molecules, which may have very different properties than the individual elements. While atoms are too small to see with regular microscopes, advanced microscopes have revealed that atoms are usually arranged in well-ordered arrays.

Ethernet OAM evolutionNir Cohen

The document discusses the evolution of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) in telecommunications, emphasizing the importance of quality of service (QoS) and service level agreements (SLAs) for service providers. It highlights how the responsibility for service quality shifted from customers to providers, leading to structured SLAs and OAM protocols across various technologies. The document also reviews different types of applications and their specific needs regarding availability, throughput, and monitoring capabilities in both traditional and modern networks.

B.tech. ii engineering chemistry Unit 1 atoms and moleculesRai University

1) The document describes the potential energy diagram and mathematical expression for a particle confined in a 1D box between 0 and L. 2) It shows that the Schrodinger equation inside the box is similar to the free particle equation, and the solutions are sine waves with allowed energies of En = n^2*h^2/8mL^2. 3) This particle in a box model is used to understand the quantization of energy levels for electrons in an atom.

Hfss final year project in ludhianadeepikakaler1

The document provides contact information and an introduction to high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) technology, highlighting its features, requirements, and applications in 3D geometries using finite element methods. It includes a step-by-step simulation procedure and technical specifics on conducting simulations, materials, and boundaries. Additionally, it lists useful links for further information and references related to HFSS.

Bhor's Atomic modelLaura Verastegui

1. Electromagnetic radiation travels as waves through space at the speed of light and includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. 2. Wavelength is the distance between peaks of a wave and frequency is the number of waves passing a point per second. 3. The Bohr model describes atoms with electrons orbiting the nucleus in discrete energy levels, absorbing or emitting energy when changing orbits.

Hfss user guideHillner de Paiva

This document provides an introduction and overview of the Ansoft HFSS simulation software. It discusses what HFSS is used for, how to install it, how to get help, and defines key terms related to using the HFSS interface and building models. Specifically, it explains that HFSS is an electromagnetic field simulation software that uses finite element analysis. It also reviews the main sections of the interface like the project manager, property window, and 3D modeler window.

Software Defined Network - SDNVenkata Naga Ravi

The document discusses Software Defined Networking (SDN), which separates the control plane from the data plane, allowing centralized management and programmability of network resources. It highlights use cases like virtualization, orchestration, automation, and performance optimization, and outlines different SDN architectures and controllers, including OpenFlow and Cisco technologies. The document also touches on network function virtualization and active networks, emphasizing the flexibility and scalability SDN offers.

Software-Defined Networking (SDN): Unleashing the Power of the NetworkRobert Keahey

The document discusses software-defined networking (SDN), highlighting its trends, drivers, and essential elements, including the use of OpenFlow. It addresses the evolution of networking architecture, emphasizing the decoupling of control and data planes and the shift towards centralized management and automation. Real-world applications and challenges of SDN in data center and cloud environments are also explored, along with future development needs and market drivers.

Software-Defined Networking(SDN):A New Approach to NetworkingAnju Ann

This document provides an overview of Software-Defined Networking (SDN). It discusses how SDN decouples the network control plane from the forwarding plane, allowing for centralized control and programmability. The key components of the SDN architecture include OpenFlow switches, an SDN controller, and northbound and southbound APIs. OpenFlow is described as the primary southbound protocol, allowing the controller to program how packets are handled by switches. Example applications of SDN mentioned are network slicing and multi-tenancy in cloud computing. Challenges for SDN adoption are also noted.

SDN Basics �C What You Need to Know about Software-Defined NetworkingSDxCentral

The document provides an overview of Software-Defined Networking (SDN), including its history, benefits, use cases, ecosystem, and guidance on getting started in 2013. It highlights the role of various vendors and open-source projects in the SDN landscape, as well as the importance of defining clear business objectives and collaborating with trusted vendors. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for enterprises to educate themselves and design proofs of concept before fully deploying SDN solutions.

Sdn pptPallavi Chhikara

This document discusses the limitations of existing networks and introduces the concept of software-defined networking (SDN) as a solution. It outlines that current networks have separate control and data planes, making them difficult to program and innovate on. SDN is proposed to separate the control and data planes, making the network programmable through open interfaces and allowing for centralized control. This enables experimentation, flexibility, and easier integration of new applications and services. The key aspects of SDN architecture include the infrastructure, control, and application layers that communicate through the OpenFlow protocol to enable remote programming of forwarding rules in switches.

QuantumRizza Mae Salarda ?

Talk spinoam photonMichael London

reportAyushi Malviya

Ps5 atoms and moleculesMr. M

Ethernet OAM evolutionNir Cohen

B.tech. ii engineering chemistry Unit 1 atoms and moleculesRai University

Hfss final year project in ludhianadeepikakaler1

Bhor's Atomic modelLaura Verastegui

Hfss user guideHillner de Paiva

Software Defined Network - SDNVenkata Naga Ravi

Software-Defined Networking (SDN): Unleashing the Power of the NetworkRobert Keahey

Software-Defined Networking(SDN):A New Approach to NetworkingAnju Ann

SDN Basics �C What You Need to Know about Software-Defined NetworkingSDxCentral

Sdn pptPallavi Chhikara

Similar to Poam (20)

1 H- Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceAJAYKUMAR4872

The document provides an extensive overview of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, detailing its applications in chemical and material research, biomedical studies, and drug design. It reviews the historical development of NMR, including key figures and milestones, as well as the principles of nuclear spin and resonance, factors affecting sensitivity, and chemical shifts. Additionally, it discusses the types of NMR techniques and the significance of various signals in interpreting molecular structures.

New quantum theoryN.s. Agarwal

The new quantum theory proposes that photons have an eccentric nucleus of mass and charge that causes them to spin and travel in a sinusoidal wave path. This explains phenomena such as wave-particle duality and the formation of electromagnetic waves. Photons generate electric and magnetic fields as they spin due to the movement of their off-center nucleus, and interference occurs when photons' angular momentums constructively add. The theory aims to replace the temporary solution of wave-particle duality with a unified model of photons exhibiting both wave and particle properties due to their spinning eccentric nucleus.

CH-01- Module-1 NMR SpectroscopyBhimrajGawade1

This document provides an introduction to NMR spectroscopy. It discusses key NMR concepts like nuclear spin, magnetic properties of nuclei, spin states, and the Larmor frequency. When nuclei are placed in an external magnetic field, their spin states split into different energy levels. Radio waves can then be used to induce transitions between these levels, which provides information about molecular structure through the chemical shift and spin-spin splitting observed in NMR spectra. The document outlines the basic principles and applications of NMR spectroscopy for structure elucidation of organic compounds.

Magnetic Resonance ImagingNeha Mannewar

The document provides a comprehensive overview of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), explaining its principles, processes, and the physics behind it, including concepts like angular momentum, spin, relaxation times, and the role of hydrogen nuclei. It emphasizes the advantages of MRI over other imaging techniques, such as lack of radiation and superior soft-tissue imaging. The document also discusses the complexities of signal formation and relaxation processes critical to MRI imaging quality.

enc=encoded=PWW_dKfjbHrN9xq3SPtoL41DH0Bw5FrP4bCUo7yCo9hDDPhsJJZA_EXSSes=.pptxrairishvesh

This document discusses Rutherford's atomic model and Bohr's model of the atom. It provides details of Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment which showed that atoms have a small, dense nucleus. This led Rutherford to propose a planetary model of the atom with electrons orbiting the nucleus. The document then discusses limitations of Rutherford's model and how Bohr proposed quantized electron orbits to explain atomic stability. It provides Bohr's key postulates and formulas for the hydrogen atom spectrum and energy levels.

Magnetic fieldumammuhammad27

The document summarizes a practicum report on magnetic fields. It describes two experiments conducted to analyze the relationship between magnetic fields and induction. The first experiment used a 50 ohm resistor with 500 and 1000 coil coils, recording the compass needle deviation in air and with an iron core. The second experiment used a 100 ohm resistor under the same conditions. Both experiments confirmed Hans Christian Oersted's finding that an electric current through a coil produces a magnetic field, causing the compass needle to deviate in a consistent direction. The report concludes the experiments successfully demonstrated the relationship between magnetism and electricity as described in Oersted's theory.

Earh magnetic feildMidoOoz

The document discusses Earth's magnetic field, which is generated in the liquid outer core by electrical currents. It can be observed to vary in space and time due to processes within Earth and from the Sun. Observations are made at geomagnetic observatories, through surveys on land and from aircraft/satellites, and by studying rocks' magnetic properties. The field can both aid navigation/drilling and interfere with satellite operations.

Paper Title - Origin of Planetary Magnetismijrap

The article explores the origins of planetary magnetism, explaining that the presence of a magnetic field in celestial bodies can be attributed to the rotation of an incandescent core rather than electric currents. It critiques outdated theories and proposes that magnetism is generated by the separation of electric charges in rotating solid bodies, with the rotation increasing the resultant magnetic field. The study suggests that this hypothesis could explain observed phenomena such as magnetic reversals and is supported by mathematical simulations.

Light's Orbital Angular momentum Momentum polariton

The document explores the mechanical properties of light, particularly focusing on its linear and orbital angular momentum. It details historical contributions from scientists like Johannes Kepler, John Poynting, and Albert Einstein, and discusses the modern implications of quantized orbital angular momentum in laboratory settings. The ability to produce helical beams carrying orbital angular momentum has opened new avenues in quantum mechanics and optical manipulation of microparticles.

MRI physics made easy phet-contribution-3003-4822.pptRoberto Amaya Mu?oz

The document explains the principles of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and its foundation in quantum mechanics, particularly focusing on the behavior of magnetic moments of electrons and atomic nuclei. It describes the quantization of angular momentum and energy levels in magnetic fields, detailing how these properties enable the identification of different atoms and the imaging of human tissue through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Additionally, it outlines historical experiments and technological advancements that have contributed to the development of MRI as a critical medical imaging tool.

NMR Spectroscopy Lecturesiraj174

The document provides a summary of the history and development of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy. Some key points include: 1. NMR was first predicted in 1937 and first observed on bulk samples in 1946. Important early developments included 2D NMR in 1975 and NMR metabolomics in 1984. 2. NMR utilizes the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei to determine structural information about molecules. It provides information about the number and type of hydrogen atoms, as well as their electronic environment. 3. For a nucleus to be observable by NMR, it must have a non-zero spin quantum number and magnetic moment, and be spherical in shape. Common nuclei studied include 1H, 13C, 19

Ppt mri brainArshad Yahya

MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the brain and detect abnormalities. It is based on nuclear magnetic resonance, where hydrogen protons in the body are aligned by a strong magnetic field. When hit with radio waves of a specific frequency, the protons absorb energy and spin, and emit radio signals as they relax back to baseline. These signals are used to construct images, with different tissues appearing different intensities based on their relaxation times T1 and T2. MRI provides valuable information to assess many neurological conditions without using ionizing radiation.

Nuclear magnetic resonance proton nmrSujit Patel

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) involves subjecting a sample to a strong, stationary magnetic field and a second varying magnetic field at radio frequencies. This causes the nuclei in the sample to absorb energy and alter their spin state. The energy absorbed and precessional frequency of nuclei depends on factors like the magnetic field strength and properties of individual nuclei like their spin and magnetic moment. NMR provides information on the chemical environment and bonding of atoms in a molecule through analysis of spectra.

3(1) (1).pptxUDITNARAYANPYLARA221

This document summarizes a lecture on the inadequacies of classical mechanics and the introduction of quantum mechanics. It discusses how classical mechanics could not explain blackbody radiation spectra, the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, or the emission spectrum of hydrogen. Quantum mechanics was introduced to account for these experimental observations, including the concept of photons and quantized energy levels in atoms like the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. The document also discusses the wave-particle duality of light and how it exhibits both wave and particle properties depending on the situation.

Specific charge.pptxSivababuMula

The document describes J.J. Thomson's 1897 experiment to determine the specific charge (e/m ratio) of electrons using a cathode ray tube. Thomson observed that cathode rays were deflected by electric and magnetic fields, allowing him to calculate e/m. He developed a formula relating the electric and magnetic fields to electron beam deflection. His finding that e/m was constant supported the then-novel idea that cathode rays consisted of fundamental particles, which he named "corpuscles" but are now called electrons. This experiment provided early evidence challenging the belief that atoms were indivisible.

Week-13.pdfNTU Faisalabad

This document summarizes key concepts about magnetism and magnetic fields from a university physics textbook: 1) It describes how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic fields to visualize soft tissues, and discusses the earth's magnetic field and how compasses work based on it. 2) It explains how magnetic fields are created by moving charges and currents, and exert forces on other moving charges. Magnetic poles always come in pairs, unlike electric charges which can be isolated. 3) It discusses applications of magnetic fields like particle accelerators, magnetic bottles for plasma containment, and the Van Allen radiation belts around Earth.

NMR Spectroscopy: Principles, Techniques, and Applicationsy.pptxDharun Sao

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, including its history, principles, instrumentation, applications, and analysis techniques. NMR is a crucial spectroscopic method used for determining the structure of organic compounds and is integral in various fields such as chemistry and biochemistry. Various NMR techniques like 1D, 2D, and solid-state spectroscopy are utilized for detailed molecular analysis.

NMR_1 (1).pptxNMR_1 (1).pptxNMR_1 (1).pptximrank3454

The document provides a comprehensive overview of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, including its historical development, fundamental principles, and key applications in fields such as biomedical research and material science. It outlines the basic properties and mechanisms of NMR, explaining concepts like nuclear spin, magnetic moments, and relaxation processes, while detailing the significance of techniques like Fourier transforms in analyzing NMR signals. Furthermore, notable advancements in technology and applications of NMR, such as MRI and protein structure determination, are highlighted.

Structure of atom plus one focus area notessaranyaHC1

The document discusses the structure of the atom, including: 1) Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom based on alpha particle scattering experiments. This established the atom's small, dense nucleus at the center with electrons in orbits around it. 2) Planck's quantum theory and the photoelectric effect, which demonstrated light behaving as discrete packets of energy called quanta and supported the nuclear model. 3) Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom incorporating Planck's quanta and explaining atomic spectra through electron transitions between discrete energy levels. 4) Later developments including de Broglie's matter waves, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, and Schrodinger's wave mechanical model describing electrons as

Introduction of Atom Amol Kumbhar

1) Rutherford conducted an experiment where he bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles. He observed that most alpha particles passed through without deflection, but some were deflected at large angles, indicating the positive charge in an atom is concentrated in a small nucleus. 2) Bohr modified Rutherford's model by proposing electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed, quantized energy levels. Electrons can jump between these levels, emitting or absorbing photons of specific frequencies. 3) Frank and Hertz conducted an experiment where they observed sharp drops in current through a mercury vapor cathode at multiples of 4.9V. This provided direct evidence that electrons in atoms can only occupy discrete energy levels, as predicted by Bohr

1 H- Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceAJAYKUMAR4872

New quantum theoryN.s. Agarwal

CH-01- Module-1 NMR SpectroscopyBhimrajGawade1

Magnetic Resonance ImagingNeha Mannewar

enc=encoded=PWW_dKfjbHrN9xq3SPtoL41DH0Bw5FrP4bCUo7yCo9hDDPhsJJZA_EXSSes=.pptxrairishvesh

Magnetic fieldumammuhammad27

Earh magnetic feildMidoOoz

Paper Title - Origin of Planetary Magnetismijrap

Light's Orbital Angular momentum Momentum polariton

MRI physics made easy phet-contribution-3003-4822.pptRoberto Amaya Mu?oz

NMR Spectroscopy Lecturesiraj174

Ppt mri brainArshad Yahya

Nuclear magnetic resonance proton nmrSujit Patel

3(1) (1).pptxUDITNARAYANPYLARA221

Specific charge.pptxSivababuMula

Week-13.pdfNTU Faisalabad

NMR Spectroscopy: Principles, Techniques, and Applicationsy.pptxDharun Sao

NMR_1 (1).pptxNMR_1 (1).pptxNMR_1 (1).pptximrank3454

Structure of atom plus one focus area notessaranyaHC1

Introduction of Atom Amol Kumbhar

Poam

1. Photo Orbital Angular Momentum in Astrophysics (By Martin Harwit ApJ, 2003, Vol. 597, 1266) �ܽ�� 廪��ѧ��

2. Contents Introduction Multipole Fields Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Astrophysical Applications Conclusion Dove-PrismMach-Zehnder Interferometers Astronomical Limitations Masers as Probes of Inhomogeneities Luminous Point Sources SETI Transfer of OAM by Kerr Black Holes Blackbody Radiation and the CMB

3. 1. Spin Angular Momentum Photons are endowed with inherent spin angular momentum . This is demonstrated by the selection laws in atomic physics, where Photons all carrying the same spin are circularly polarized .

4. 1. Spin Angular Momentum Plane waves are the superposition of circularly polarized photons . They actually don��t exist physically, just as that white light photons don��t exist either. Plane waves carry no angular momentum. K (r) E H

5. 1. Detection of Spin Angular Momentum Beth Experiment in 1936 (Phys. Rev.) Left circularly polarized light Right circularly polarized light ? /2 birefringent plate

6. 1. Photon Orbital Angular Momentum Laser light with a Laguerre-Gaussian amplitude distribution is found to have a well-defined orbital angular momentum . (Allen, 1992, PRA) Usually, a photon just has its spin angular momentum . It is also possible to possess a larger angular momentum of . Beams of photons each with OAM as high as m =200 have been produced in lab. (Curtis et al., 2002, Opt. Commun.)

7. 2. Multipole Fields (Classical Electrodynamics) Spherical electromagnetic waves in free space, where can be completely described by superpositions of electric and magnetic multipole fields. For electric multipole (TM model), For magnetic multipole (TE model),

8. 2. Multipole Fields (Classical Electrodynamics) For electric multipole radiation, Each photon, with energy , here carries off angular momentum

9. ?

10. 2. Multipole Fields (Quantum Electrodynamics) In quantum electrodynamics, angular momentum J becomes an operator. Spin and orbital angular momentum may not always be clearly separable.

11. 2. Comparison between Spin and Orbital AM

12. 3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Dove-Prism Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

13. 3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Rotation of phase profile

14. 3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Sort photons with odd and even OAM Phases are controlled by rotation and path.

15. 3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Photon orbital angular momentum (POAM) produced by a spiral phase plate

16. 3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Photon orbital ang(POAM) produced by a spiral phase plate

17. 3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM

18. 4. Astrophysical Applications Masers as Probes of Inhomogeneities

19. 4. Astrophysical Applications SETI��Search Extra Terrestrial Intelligence

20. 4. Astrophysical Applications Detect Kerr Black Holes

21. Photons are more complex than we have known!

�ݺ�ߣ

Poam

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked (14)

Similar to Poam (20)

Poam