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 A document having a special legal
writing.
 Contains the principle & functions of the
organs of the goverment of a state.
 It contains the ideas & aspirations of the
people.

 State 4 elements
 Population
 Territory
 Sovereignty: the supreme decision
making power
 Government

 Two types of sovereigntn makingy:
 Internal
 External
 Internal means law made by the state
will be binding on every individual &
organisation within the territory.
 External refer to the independence in
foreign policy decision making. Ex------
there is no side influence in the conduct

 Of foreign relation.
 The legislation of america is u.s. congress
 Two houses: 1. senat 2. the house of
representative.
 England: 2 houses: 1. lord 2. the house of
commons.

 Legislature( to make law)
 Executive ( to implement law)
 Judiciary ( to adjudicate law)
 Permanent executives: civil servants
 Temporary executives: minister

 Lok sabha : 552 present time: 545
 Rajya sabha: 250 present.time:245
 Judiciary : The Indian Judiciary is partly a
continuation of the British legal system
established by the English in the mid-19th
century based on a typical hybrid legal
system in which customs, precedents
and legislative law have validity of law.

 Philosophical aspect:
 Preamble
 Fundamental duties
 Fundamental rights
 Directive principle

 Governmental aspect:
 Union government
 State government
 Local self government

 1. written
 2. unwritten
 Written : a written constitution is that
constitution the provision of which have
been codified in single document.
 Codification means: the systematic
arrangements of the various & provision
of the constitution.

 An enacted constitution which has been
framed by a body of persons in a
prescribed time.
 Ex: American constitution was framed by
philadelphia convention.
 Indian constitution was framed by the
constituent assembly.
 Supremacy of constitution because all
the 3 organs of the govt. they owe their

 Origin & deprived their power &
functions from constitutions.
 UNWRITTEN: An unwritten constitutions
does not mean that the provisions have
not been written down but they have
not been codified or systematically
arranged.

 An unwritten constitution it is an involved
constitution.
 Ex: english constitution has been
involving in 1215 A.D. THAT IS TIME OF
MAGNACARTA.
 English constitution is based on: statues:
law of the legislative conventions.
 Common law: the conventions are
signed by the judiciary.

 Commentaries of scholars
 Statutory: the law made by the
parliament.
 Constitution: written in constitution of
india .
 Supremacy of parliament
 Unitory
 federal

 Framing of the constitution:
 The members of constituent assembly
were elected by the members of
provincial assembly.
 The election to the constituent assembly
took place in july 1946
 In the election the indian national
congress emerged as the largest political
party. The muslim league came second.

 The first session of constituent Assembly
was held on 9th dec 1946 it was presided
over by dr. sachidanand sinha. The
muslim league by cotted the session of
demanded a separate constituent
assembely for pakistan.
 On 11th dec 1946 the constituent
assembly elected by dr. rajendra parsad
as its president & chairman dr. B.R.
AMBEDEKAR.

 B.N.RAO: Legal/ constitutional was
appointed as legal/ constitutional
advisor to a constituent assembly.
 22 committees are setup
 Committees :
 Rules committee
 Drafting committee

 Union constitution
 State provincial
 Chairman: dr. rajendra parsad , dr.
b.r.ambedkar, pandit nehru, sardar
patel.

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