Positions
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Positions for surgery are determined by two main factors: the site of the organ or area being operated on and the choice of the operating surgeon. Common positions include supine, prone, lateral, left lateral, Trendelenberg, reverse Trendelenberg, lithotomy, Fowlers, semi-Fowlers, Lloyd-Davies, kidney, knee chest, jack knife, and Sims.
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2. A complete history, physical exam, and relevant lab/imaging investigations are used to evaluate any medical issues and surgical risks. Comorbidities like cardiovascular or respiratory diseases require specialized management.
3. High-risk patients undergo detailed optimization, including treating infections, stabilizing medications, and potentially admitting to critical care post-operatively. Proper pre-op skin/hair preparation, antibiotic prophylaxis timing, and elimination help reduce surgical site infections.Post Operative Care | PACU | Complications | Treatment 
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SEVERAL POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS LIKE
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Focuses on growth and development, health promotion, and disease prevention.
Covers common pediatric illnesses and conditions.
Emphasizes family dynamics, cultural competence, and ethical considerations in pediatric care.
Integrates clinical skills, including medication administration, assessment, and communication with children and families.
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Vital signs (normal ranges vary by age).
Pain assessment using age-appropriate scales (FLACC, Wong-Baker, Numeric).
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Neurological disorders: Seizures, meningitis, cerebral palsy.
Gastrointestinal disorders: GERD, pyloric stenosis, intussusception.
Endocrine conditions: Diabetes mellitus type 1, congenital hypothyroidism.
Hematologic disorders: Sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, leukemia.
Infectious diseases: Measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox.
Mental health concerns: Autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, eating disorders.
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Medication administration (oral, IV, IM, subcutaneous).
Weight-based dosing calculations (mg/kg).
Common pediatric medications (antibiotics, analgesics, vaccines).
Parenteral nutrition and fluid management.
E. Pediatric Emergency & Critical Care
Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) basics.
Recognizing signs of deterioration (early vs. late signs).
Shock, dehydration, respiratory distress management.
F. Family-Centered Care & Communication
Parental involvement in care decisions.
Therapeutic communication with children at different developmental stages.
Cultural considerations in pediatric care.
G. Ethical and Legal Issues in Pediatric Nursing
Informed consent for minors.
Mandatory reporting of abuse and neglect.
Palliative care and end-of-life considerations in pediatrics.
3. Clinical Component
Hands-on experience in pediatric hospital units, clinics, or community settings.
Performing assessments and interventions under supervision.
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1. Course Overview
Focuses on growth and development, health promotion, and disease prevention.
Covers common pediatric illnesses and conditions.
Emphasizes family dynamics, cultural competence, and ethical considerations in pediatric care.
Integrates clinical skills, including medication administration, assessment, and communication with children and families.
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A. Growth and Development
Neonates (0-28 days): Reflexes, feeding patterns, thermoregulation.
Infants (1 month - 1 year): Milestones, immunization schedule, nutrition.
Toddlers (1-3 years): Language development, toilet training, injury prevention.
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Vital signs (normal ranges vary by age).
Pain assessment using age-appropriate scales (FLACC, Wong-Baker, Numeric).
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Cardiac conditions: Congenital heart defects, Kawasaki disease.
Neurological disorders: Seizures, meningitis, cerebral palsy.
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Medication administration (oral, IV, IM, subcutaneous).
Weight-based dosing calculations (mg/kg).
Common pediatric medications (antibiotics, analgesics, vaccines).
Parenteral nutrition and fluid management.
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Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) basics.
Recognizing signs of deterioration (early vs. late signs).
Shock, dehydration, respiratory distress management.
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Parental involvement in care decisions.
Therapeutic communication with children at different developmental stages.
Cultural considerations in pediatric care.
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Mandatory reporting of abuse and neglect.
Palliative care and end-of-life considerations in pediatrics.
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Hands-on experience in pediatric hospital units, clinics, or community settings.
Performing assessments and interventions under supervision.
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MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PNEUMONIA.....maheenmazhar021
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This presentation provides a detailed exploration of the morphological and microscopic features of pneumonia, covering its histopathology, classification, and clinical significance. Designed for medical students, pathologists, and healthcare professionals, this lecture differentiates bacterial vs. viral pneumonia, explains lobar, bronchopneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia, and discusses diagnostic imaging patterns.
Key Topics Covered:
Normal lung histology vs. pneumonia-affected lung
Morphological changes in lobar, bronchopneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia
Microscopic features: Fibroblastic plugs, alveolar septal thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration
Stages of lobar pneumonia: Congestion, Red hepatization, Gray hepatization, Resolution
Common causative pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma, etc.)
Clinical case study with diagnostic approach and differentials
Who Should Watch?
This is an essential resource for medical students, pathology trainees, and respiratory health professionals looking to enhance their understanding of pneumonias morphological aspects.
MLS 208 - UNIT 4 A - Tissue Processing - ETANDO AYUK - SANU 1 - Secured.pdf
MLS 208 - UNIT 4 A - Tissue Processing - ETANDO AYUK - SANU 1 - Secured.pdfEswatini Medical Christian University - EMCU / Southern Nazarene University - SANU
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The course covers the steps undertaken from tissue collection, reception, fixation,
sectioning, tissue processing and staining. It covers all the general and special
techniques in histo/cytology laboratory. This course will provide the student with the
basic knowledge of the theory and practical aspect in the diagnosis of tumour cells
and non-malignant conditions in body tissues and for cytology focusing on
gynaecological and non-gynaecological samples.
physiology 1 T3T4 & Jaundice & capillary circulation 愕悗悋.pptx
physiology 1 T3T4 & Jaundice & capillary circulation 愕悗悋.pptxamralmohammady27
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惺惆 悋惡 惠惡 悖 惠悋惡惠 悋
power point show
惺 悴惆悋 惘悋悴惺悸 愕惘惺悸 悸 悋悋惠忰悋
悋 惆惘 惺 忰悋悴悸 惺悋
愆惘悋 惆惠惘悸 悋 惺 惠悴惺悸 悖愕悧悸 悋惡
MLS 208 - UNIT 1- Lecture Notes - ETANDO AYUK - SANU - Secured.pdf
MLS 208 - UNIT 1- Lecture Notes - ETANDO AYUK - SANU - Secured.pdfEswatini Medical Christian University - EMCU / Southern Nazarene University - SANU
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Unit 1: Introduction to Histological and Cytological techniques
Differentiate histology and cytology
Overview on tissue types
Function and components of the compound light microscope
Overview on common Histological Techniques:
o Fixation
o Grossing
o Tissue processing
o Microtomy
o Staining
o Mounting
Application of histology and cytology
Solubilization in Pharmaceutical Sciences: Concepts, Mechanisms & Enhancement...
Solubilization in Pharmaceutical Sciences: Concepts, Mechanisms & Enhancement...KHUSHAL CHAVAN
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This presentation provides an in-depth understanding of solubilization and its critical role in pharmaceutical formulations. It covers:
Definition & Mechanisms of Solubilization
Role of surfactants, micelles, and bile salts in drug solubility
Factors affecting solubilization (pH, polarity, particle size, temperature, etc.)
Methods to enhance drug solubility (Buffers, Co-solvents, Surfactants, Complexation, Solid Dispersions)
Advanced approaches (Polymorphism, Salt Formation, Co-crystallization, Prodrugs)
This resource is valuable for pharmaceutical scientists, formulation experts, regulatory professionals, and students interested in improving drug solubility and bioavailability.Multimodal Approaches to Clitoral Augmentation for FGM (PRP _ filler)"
Multimodal Approaches to Clitoral Augmentation for FGM (PRP _ filler)"Rehab Aboshama
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Multimodal Approaches to Clitoral Augmentation for FGM (PRP _ filler)"
Local Anesthetic Use in the Vulnerable Patients
Local Anesthetic Use in the Vulnerable PatientsReza Aminnejad
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Local anesthetics are a cornerstone of pain management, but their use requires special consideration in vulnerable groups such as pediatric, elderly, diabetic, or obese patients. In this presentation, well explore how factors like age and physiology influence local anesthetics' selection, dosing, and safety. By understanding these differences, we can optimize patient care and minimize risks.
X-Ray-Generators-and-Transformers final.pdf
X-Ray-Generators-and-Transformers final.pdfMohd Faraz
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An X-ray generator is a crucial device used in medical imaging, industry, and research to produce X-rays. It operates by accelerating electrons toward a metal target, generating X-ray radiation. Key components include the X-ray tube, transformer assembly, rectifier system, and high-tension circuits. Various types, such as single-phase, three-phase, constant potential, and high-frequency generators, offer different efficiency levels. High-frequency generators are the most advanced, providing stable, high-quality imaging with minimal radiation exposure. X-ray generators play a vital role in diagnostics, security screening, and industrial testing while requiring strict radiation safety measures.Optimization in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Concepts, Methods & Applications
Optimization in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Concepts, Methods & ApplicationsKHUSHAL CHAVAN
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This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of optimization in pharmaceutical formulations. It explains the concept of optimization, different types of optimization problems (constrained and unconstrained), and the mathematical principles behind formulation development. Key topics include:
Methods for optimization (Sequential Simplex Method, Classical Mathematical Methods)
Statistical analysis in optimization (Mean, Standard Deviation, Regression, Hypothesis Testing)
Factorial Design & Quality by Design (QbD) for process improvement
Applications of optimization in drug formulation
This resource is beneficial for pharmaceutical scientists, R&D professionals, regulatory experts, and students looking to understand pharmaceutical process optimization and quality by design approaches.Description of Beta thalassemia its cause and management.
Description of Beta thalassemia its cause and management.KIMS
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All about Beta Thalassemia etiology , pathology , manifestation and treatment & prevention..MLS 208 - UNIT 4 A - Tissue Processing - ETANDO AYUK - SANU 1 - Secured.pdf
MLS 208 - UNIT 4 A - Tissue Processing - ETANDO AYUK - SANU 1 - Secured.pdfEswatini Medical Christian University - EMCU / Southern Nazarene University - SANU
油
MLS 208 - UNIT 1- Lecture Notes - ETANDO AYUK - SANU - Secured.pdf
MLS 208 - UNIT 1- Lecture Notes - ETANDO AYUK - SANU - Secured.pdfEswatini Medical Christian University - EMCU / Southern Nazarene University - SANU
油
Positions
- 2. PTS POSITIONS FOR SURGERY ARE DETERMINED BY 2 FACTORS : 1- The first is the site of operation or the organ to be operated upon. 2- The other determinant is the operating surgeons decision or choice.
- 3. SUPINE PRONE LATERAL LEFT LATERAL TRENDELENBERG REVERSE TRENDELENBERG LITHOTOMY FOWLERS SEMI-FOWLERS LLOYD-DAVIES KIDNEY KNEE CHEST JACK KNIFE SIMS