Poster EMCA 2015 FINAL_TN
0 likes98 views
1) Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Madeira, Portugal to study Aedes aegypti breeding sites and community perceptions of dengue prevention. 2) The entomological survey found that flower pot dishes were the most common breeding sites, unlike typical waste sites. 3) The epidemiological survey assessed knowledge of dengue prevention using a score, finding households with breeding sites had lower scores than those without.
1 of 1
Download to read offline
![References:
1. SousaCA, ClairouinM,Seixas G, ViveirosB, NovoMT,et al. (2012) Ongoingoutbreakof denguetype 1 in the AutonomousRegion ofMadeira,Portugal:preliminaryreport.EuroSurveill17: 811
2. Seixas G (2012) Aedes (Stegomyia)aegypti (Diptera,Culicidae)from MadeiraIsland:geographicaloriginandinsecticide resistanceUniversidadeNova deLisboa.
3. NazarethT, Teod坦sio R,Porto G, Gon巽alvesL, Seixas G, et al. (2014) Strengtheningtheperception-assessmenttoolsfor dengueprevention:a cross-sectionalsurveyin a temperate region (Madeira, Portugal).BMCPublicHealth14: 39.
Acknowledgements:
ProjectoFCT- Dengueno Arquip辿lagodaMadeira- Ref: PTDC/SAL-EPI/115853/2009
GABBA FCT Bolsa de doutoramento Ref : SFRH / BD / 51012 / 2010
Planning dengue-preventive campaigns:
Aedes aegyptis breeding sites and community perceptions in Madeira Island
futuros surtos.
p < 0.001 (Mann-Whitney test)
I -
- Flower pot dish (52.7%)
- Out-door sinks (35.7%)
- Floor water accumulation (23.3%)
- Flower jar (21.7%)
- Pet water dish (18.8%)
- Flower pot/ bucket (14.1%)
- Rubbin bish (uncovered) (10.3%)
- Rain gutters (6.9%)
- Other material (toys, ashtrays, etc.) (6.8%)
- Water flower (5.7 %)
- Rubbish (on th floor) (5.4%)
- Toleit pan (not used often) (2.3%)
- Water tank/well (2.3%)
- Fridge trays (2.2%)
- Lake/cascade (1.9%)
- Drum/container (1.2%)
- Building material (1.2%)
- Rubble (1.1%)
- Swiming pool (untreated and uncovered) (0.5%)
- Tyres (0.5%)
- Pieces of glass on wall (0.3 %)
Flower-pot dishes were the most frequent Ae.
aegyptis breeding site. Results suggest an
atypical infestation pattern consisting of
d辿cor/leisure containers (rather than the
commonly reported waste-disposal and water-
supply ones).
This work constitutes the first entomological
report in European countries.
3.1.
2.
4.
5.
Two cross-sectional surveys were performed (A): one entomological to describe the presence / type of breeding sites in communitys
households, and one epidemiological, to assess individuals perceptions regarding the elimination of breeding sites. The latter was evaluated
through a score-based tool (B) which measures the level of understanding of this proposed behavior [3].
1GABBA Doctoral Program, ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 2GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine; 3Unidade Cl鱈nica Tropical, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal; 4Basic & Clinical Research on Iron
Biology, IBMC, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Porto, Portugal; 5Unidade de Sa炭de P炭blica e Internacional e Bioestat鱈stica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal; 6Centro de Estat鱈stica e Aplica巽探es da Universidade de Lisboa (CEAUL), Lisboa, Portugal; 7Unidade
de Parasitologia M辿dica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal; 8Departamento de Sa炭de, Planeamento e Administra巽達o Geral, Instituto de Administra巽達o da Sa炭de e Assuntos Sociais, Madeira, Portugal;
Nazareth T1,2,, Teod坦sio R2,3, Porto G1,4, Gon巽alves L2,5,6, Novo MT2,7, Seixas G2,7, Silva AC8, Sousa CA2,7
Concept 1 - Knew that mosquitoes can transmit diseases
Concept 2 - Presented a correct example of a mosquito-borne disease
Concept 3 - Recognized the presence of mosquitoes that can transmit disease
Concept 4 - Considered the high-possibility of dengue emergence in Madeira
Concept 5 - Knew that mosquitoes can breed inside houses
Concept 6 - Considered the relevance of the vector-control in the domestic area
Concept 7 - Recognized water-containers as a mosquito breeding contributor
Concept 8 Did not recognize false* mosquito breeding contributors
Concept 9 - Recognized breeding-site removal as a effective measure
Concept 10 Did not recognize erroneous practices as effective
Households WITHOUT breeding sites
Residents reveal an EP-score > 7
Households WITH breeding sites
Residents reveal an EP-score < 7
A Entomological and epidemiological cross-sectional survey B Essential Perception Score (EP-score, 0-10 points)
C - List of prospected breeding-sites
and respective prevalence
D Scheme of the TOP 5 most frequent
breeding sites
E Association between communitys
perceptions and practices
RESULTS
BACKGROUND
There is still no vaccine nor anti-viral treatment available, hence vector control strategies remain key for
dengue prevention/control. Given the reported high-resistance levels to critical insecticides of the local Ae.
aegyptis population [2], the promotion of source-reduction activities based on the elimination of larvae
habitats/breeding sites is, thus, mandatory as the unique preventive strategy currently available.
Moreover, by assessing community perceptions regarding source
reduction activities and simultaneously checking the presence of
breeding sites in their households, it aims to compare individuals
Since Ae. aegyptis breeding sites are commonly water containers placed inside or around human households, the
community participation is decisive in its elimination.
With the arrival of Aedes aegypti into Madeira
Territory, and mainly after its first dengue outbreak in 2012 [1], the planning of preventing campaigns is a
priority for local and European public health.
perceptions and respective source
bbbbreduction practices.
This study aims to describe the most frequent Ae. aegypti breeding sites in Madeiras infested
areas, in order to prioritize which water containers must be preferably eliminated.
METHODS CONCLUSIONS
Findings will not only guide the planning of
target-oriented local campaigns, but also will
support a global reflection on dengue
prevention in urbanized regions.
Finally, present entomological survey
enabled the validation of the EP-score as
a tool to assess community perceptions
regarding breeding site elimination.
A total of 1276 households/residents participated in the study. Participants and their houses were randomly out of an universe of 13 433 adult
residents in the infested area, fulfilling the objectives of this study (90% confidence level and 2.5% precision error).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/66b1fb33-f174-4505-865c-a70af3ec7c5c-151001164953-lva1-app6891/85/Poster-EMCA-2015-FINAL_TN-1-320.jpg)
Ad
Recommended
Strengthen the prevention and outbreak control strategy
Strengthen the prevention and outbreak control strategyGlobal Risk Forum GRFDavos
油
The document discusses the global leptospirosis epidemic, presenting the disease as a complex zoonosis with significant annual cases and deaths. It emphasizes the need for a coherent strategy for detection, confirmation, and control of outbreaks, including potential roles for vaccination and environmental decontamination. The Global Leptospirosis Environmental Action Network (GLEAN) aims to enhance prevention and response efforts through a One Health approach, collaborative practices, and improved surveillance.mrsa
mrsamichelle neeck
油
1) MRSA is an antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can cause serious infections. It is commonly spread through direct contact with infected wounds or contaminated hands. While traditionally found in healthcare settings, it is also present in communities.
2) A study of several hospitals found that 13.6% of patients were not screened for MRSA upon admission and 2% already had MRSA infections. MRSA is also spread in communities through close contact in places like gyms, schools, and military barracks.
3) Researchers are working on developing a MRSA vaccine to help prevent the spread of the infection. One approach uses T-cells rather than antibodies, which could provide broader protection against different MRSA strains. A universalOVERVIEW ON HUMAN VACCINES AGAINST LEPTOSPIROSIS
OVERVIEW ON HUMAN VACCINES AGAINST LEPTOSPIROSISGlobal Risk Forum GRFDavos
油
Human vaccines against leptospirosis have been widely used in different countries and epidemiological contexts. Their efficacy and safety profiles are generally good. Vaccines have been shown to significantly contribute to leptospirosis prevention in target populations. The document discusses two cases - mass vaccination programs in endemic areas and vaccination of occupational risk groups. It provides examples of vaccines used in Cuba and France, demonstrating their efficacy in reducing disease incidence and good safety based on long-term use and pharmacovigilance data. The document concludes that further progress in leptospirosis research could enable development of more universal vaccines. Preventive and therapeutic strategies in critically ill patients with highly...
Preventive and therapeutic strategies in critically ill patients with highly...Sergio Paul Silva Marin
油
This document discusses preventive and therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients infected with highly resistant bacteria. It notes that antibiotic resistance is a major global problem, with multidrug-resistant and pandrug-resistant organisms increasingly encountered in healthcare settings. The review focuses on strategies for severely ill ICU patients, who are at high risk of nosocomial infections due to medical advances enabling longer stays. Timely diagnosis and optimized antibiotic treatment are important for managing such infections.Preparedness, Prediction and Prevention of Emerging Zoonotic Viruses with Pan...
Preparedness, Prediction and Prevention of Emerging Zoonotic Viruses with Pan...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
油
The document outlines the objectives and activities of the Predemics consortium, which focuses on understanding the emergence of zoonotic viruses with pandemic potential using a multidisciplinary One Health approach. Key questions addressed include factors influencing virus emergence, transmission routes, and intervention strategies to limit cross-species transmission. The project involves 17 partners from 8 countries aiming to unravel interactions among ecological, environmental, and anthropological factors affecting viral emergence and spread.Study of the Seroprevalence of Anti-Leptospirosis Antibodies in Subjects in T...
Study of the Seroprevalence of Anti-Leptospirosis Antibodies in Subjects in T...IIJSRJournal
油
The study examines the seroprevalence of anti-leptospirosis antibodies in the Niamey districts of Lamord辿 and Koira T辿gui, revealing a seroprevalence of 2.75% among respondents, with a higher risk in slaughterhouse workers. Conducted from September 2020 to April 2021, it highlights the transmission of leptospirosis from animals to humans influenced by various socio-demographic and environmental risk factors. The findings underscore the need for increased awareness and further research on this underdiagnosed disease in the Sahel region.The conditions required to end the quarantine against coronavirus in brazil
The conditions required to end the quarantine against coronavirus in brazilFernando Alcoforado
油
This document discusses the conditions required for Brazil to end the quarantine imposed due to the coronavirus crisis. It emphasizes the need for a significant portion of the population to be immunized and reliable data on infection rates before relaxing social restrictions, pointing out that premature easing could lead to a resurgence in cases. The document also notes that social distancing measures may need to be intermittently implemented until at least 2022 if there are no effective treatments or vaccines available.White band antibiotic treatment for corals
White band antibiotic treatment for coralscuzza
油
White Syndrome (WS) in the coral Acropora muricata was studied using selective antibiotic treatments to identify potential bacterial pathogens and the role of ciliates. Three antibiotics targeting different microbes were used on corals with WS lesions. Deep sequencing identified variable bacterial associates of WS in Fiji compared to other locations. The ciliate Philaster lucinda was consistently present in WS lesions and observed ingesting coral tissue. Antibiotic treatments altering microbial communities changed lesion progression and histopathology, suggesting WS results from an initial nonspecific bacterial infection weakening defenses for ciliate histophagy, which causes the characteristic white lesions.Towards a malaria-free world - Background information
Towards a malaria-free world - Background informationXplore Health
油
The educators' guide 'Toward a Malaria-Free World' provides comprehensive information about malaria including its burden, causative agents, geographical distribution, clinical manifestations, and control measures. It emphasizes the importance of prevention strategies, effective treatments, and the ongoing development of vaccines and research initiatives aimed at malaria eradication. Ethical, legal, and social aspects of malaria are also discussed, highlighting the disease's significant impact on global health.Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteri...
Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteri...RodolfoGamarra
油
This document establishes standardized definitions for multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria to enhance epidemiological surveillance and facilitate international comparisons. It provides specific criteria for defining these resistance profiles in key pathogenic bacteria frequently associated with healthcare settings and emphasizes the need for consistent application of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The initiative involves collaboration among international experts to address the growing public health threat posed by antimicrobial resistance.Public Healthcare (Part 2) Lecture B
Public Healthcare (Part 2) Lecture BCMDLearning
油
This document discusses terrorism and public health in three parts. It begins by introducing four main categories of terrorism: bioterrorism, agricultural terrorism, chemical terrorism, and nuclear/radiation terrorism. It then discusses bioterrorism in more detail, including a history of bioterrorism incidents in the US and the CDC's categorization of bioterrorism agents. It concludes by describing the Laboratory Response Network and providing an overview of the public health response and challenges for the other categories of terrorism.Mold and cystic fibrosis : what can we learn from studying fungal microbiota ?
Mold and cystic fibrosis : what can we learn from studying fungal microbiota ?Laurence Delhaes
油
This document discusses studying the fungal microbiota (mycobiota) in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. It begins by providing background on human microbial diversity and the emerging importance of studying the lung mycobiota. The authors aim to characterize the lung mycobiota in CF patients using deep sequencing techniques and analyze how the mycobiota relates to clinical status and bacterial composition. Preliminary results on 36 sputum samples from CF patients with and without pulmonary exacerbation show no association between common fungi like Aspergillus fumigatus and exacerbation. Principal component analysis of bacterial and fungal genera indicates some correlations and lack of correlation between certain microorganisms. Further statistical analysis is ongoing.Challenges in risk assessment for viruses
Challenges in risk assessment for virusesEFSA EU
油
The document discusses the challenges and opportunities in assessing microbial risks associated with foodborne viral diseases. It highlights the complexities in understanding virus transmission, particularly through fecal contamination and zoonotic events, as well as the genetic diversity and evolution of pathogens like norovirus. The text emphasizes the need for coordinated data sharing and research to improve risk assessment methodologies in the face of emerging viral threats.Is susceptibility to tuberculosis acquired
Is susceptibility to tuberculosis acquiredThanka Elango
油
This document discusses the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in determining susceptibility to tuberculosis. It summarizes recent research showing that some genetic susceptibility factors, like variants in the NRAMP1 gene, have a strong effect on tuberculosis risk only in certain epidemiological settings that involve low prior exposure to mycobacteria. Other susceptibility genes, like one found on chromosome 8q12-q13, appear to have a strong, independent effect regardless of environmental context. The document emphasizes that fully understanding tuberculosis susceptibility requires detailed knowledge of gene-environment interactions, as the same genetic variants may have highly variable effects in different populations and exposure settings.What can we learn from studying fungal microbiota
What can we learn from studying fungal microbiotaLaurence Delhaes
油
The document discusses analyzing the fungal microbiota (mycobiota) in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. It summarizes a study that used high-throughput sequencing to analyze sputum samples from CF patients. The study found greater fungal diversity than previous culture-based methods, identifying 24 fungal genera including Aspergillus. Preliminary results showed associations between decreased fungal diversity and poorer clinical outcomes in CF patients. Larger studies are still needed to better understand the role of the lung mycobiota in CF exacerbations and how it interacts with bacterial communities and clinical status.Disease ecology in multi-host systems at wildlife/livestock interfaces: Conce...
Disease ecology in multi-host systems at wildlife/livestock interfaces: Conce...ILRI
油
The document explores disease ecology in the context of wildlife and livestock interfaces, emphasizing pathogen transmission dynamics and the role of various hosts. It discusses concepts like maintenance hosts, bridge hosts, and target populations, using examples such as bovine tuberculosis and avian influenza. The implications for disease management and conservation practices in transfrontier conservation areas are highlighted, calling for an integrated approach combining epidemiology and ecology.Dr. Peter Davies - Emerging Issues in Antibiotic Resistance Linked to Use in ...
Dr. Peter Davies - Emerging Issues in Antibiotic Resistance Linked to Use in ...John Blue
油
This document discusses the emerging issues of antibiotic resistance, particularly in relation to its use in food animals and its impact on human health. It highlights the evolution of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, the environmental reservoirs of resistant organisms, and specific examples of resistant bacteria linked to food sources. The document also covers various public health threats posed by antibiotic-resistant pathogens and emphasizes the need for better management and stewardship of antibiotic use in agriculture.Epidemic process
Epidemic processJasmine John
油
The document summarizes key aspects of epidemic processes and infectious disease transmission. It describes the three main links that are required for an epidemic process - a source of infection, a transmission mechanism, and a susceptible population. It also outlines various forms an epidemic can take based on incidence levels, such as endemic, epidemic, or pandemic. Factors like periods of disease progression, clinical forms, and mechanisms of transmission determine the epidemiological importance of the infection source.Nazareth et al 2014
Nazareth et al 2014Teresa Nazareth
油
This study assessed community perceptions of dengue prevention in Madeira, Portugal through a novel assessment tool. A survey of over 1,000 residents found that perceptions were generally poor, with most respondents only partially understanding key topics and believing various myths. Association was found between low perception scores and presence of mosquito breeding sites in homes. The atypical breeding sites found suggest tailored education is needed to improve perceptions and engagement in dengue prevention activities in this region.Vector-borne diseases - Dengue outbreak in Madeira Island
Vector-borne diseases - Dengue outbreak in Madeira Islandbonniefernley
油
This document summarizes research on a dengue outbreak that occurred in Madeira Island from 2012-2013. Key findings include:
1) The first recorded presence of the mosquito Aedes aegypti in Madeira was in 2005. It has since rapidly dispersed in the southern part of the island.
2) From 2012-2013, there was a major dengue outbreak with over 2,000 probable cases reported across 3 municipalities. No fatalities occurred but 128 people were hospitalized.
3) Entomological studies found that Ae. aegypti in Madeira has high resistance to multiple insecticides. Genetic analysis indicated the population likely originated from a single introduction event from South America.DENGUE SURVEY.pptxnjwjajajshdhdhdhdhjdjddjdn
DENGUE SURVEY.pptxnjwjajajshdhdhdhdhjdjddjdnm7sd4y47jv
油
This document summarizes a dengue survey conducted by Clinical 'C' Batch in 2019. It aimed to identify mosquito breeding sites on a hospital campus to prevent the spread of dengue. The survey found the highest number of breeding sources to be in discarded containers, water storage containers, and coconut shells located near hostels, wards, and staff quarters. Based on the findings, the conclusion recommends prevention through surveillance, case management, reducing mosquito habitats, chemical control, and community education.Surveillance of Mosquito (2).pptx
Surveillance of Mosquito (2).pptxMonicaGambican1
油
This study identified and surveyed the abundance of mosquito species in the College of Agriculture of Benguet State University in La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines. Three mosquito species were found: Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes aegypti. Culex pipiens was the most abundant species collected, making up 80.43% of mosquitoes. The highest number of mosquitoes were found on the ground floor, likely due to the proximity of breeding sites like ornamental plants and containers of water. The results can be used to determine disease risks and to select appropriate preventive control measures to protect students.Dengue
Denguepushpamanjari
油
The document discusses integrated strategies for dengue prevention and control. It outlines the global impact of dengue virus, with 50 million cases each year in over 100 endemic countries. A multi-sectoral approach is needed involving social communication, epidemiological surveillance, entomology, patient care, and laboratories. Key strategies include reducing mosquito breeding sites, using insect repellents, treating patients, and conducting public education campaigns.Dengue control measures
Dengue control measuresJcPaliwal1
油
The document discusses the training of medical officers in Madhya Pradesh regarding vector-borne diseases, particularly dengue and chikungunya, focusing on their symptoms, transmission by Aedes mosquitoes, and the rising incidence of these diseases. It outlines strategies for disease prevention, diagnosis, and management, highlighting the importance of effective vector control and monitoring measures. Additionally, the document emphasizes the need for proper specimen collection for laboratory diagnosis and the implementation of various control plans to reduce the disease burden.3 ENVIRO GROUP 2 correct ed.ppt
3 ENVIRO GROUP 2 correct ed.pptErmiyasBeletew
油
The document from Debre Berhan University discusses the public health importance of mosquitoes, detailing their role as vectors for diseases such as malaria, dengue, and zika virus. It highlights the impact of climate change on mosquito behavior and disease transmission, while also addressing the status of mosquito-borne diseases in Ethiopia and various mosquito control methods. The assignment emphasizes the need for community engagement and integrated pest management to effectively control mosquito populations.Climate change & Aedes aegypti
Climate change & Aedes aegyptiDr. Fatma Ibrahim Abdel-latif Megahed
油
This document summarizes the relationship between the mosquito species Aedes aegypti, which transmits diseases like dengue and Zika, and climate change. It notes that Ae. aegypti thrives in warm, urban environments and that rising global temperatures are expanding its range. Climate change may lead to increased transmission of pathogens as the mosquito spreads to new areas. The document also discusses how mangrove reforestation could help reduce mosquito populations and mentions the role of mangroves in storing carbon and protecting coastlines.Climate Change and Dengue
Climate Change and DengueEmmanuel Taiwo
油
This document summarizes the relationship between weather, climate change, and the transmission of dengue virus. It discusses how climate variables like temperature and precipitation can influence dengue by affecting mosquito vectors and viral replication rates. Studies show dengue incidence correlates with factors like temperature, rainfall, and humidity. Climate change is projected to further expand dengue transmission globally by altering the habitat and populations of mosquito species. Adaptive measures like pre-season vector control can help limit breeding sites and reduce mosquito densities to curb dengue outbreaks linked to seasonal climate patterns.1-Mosquito-Elimin.ppt
1-Mosquito-Elimin.pptssusercf9ebf1
油
The chikungunya virus spread rapidly through the Caribbean starting in late 2013. By July 2014, there were over 442,000 reported cases across 34 countries and territories in the region. Two cases were also reported in Florida, likely the start of a pandemic in the United States as over 300 cases had been diagnosed among returning Caribbean travelers to 34 U.S. states. Mosquito-borne diseases like chikungunya, dengue fever, malaria, and West Nile virus pose serious health risks and installing aquaponics systems could help eliminate mosquito populations and the transmission of these diseases.Control denguae english
Control denguae englishdeden_rockstone12
油
This document summarizes control strategies for dengue vectors. It discusses how dengue is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes breeding in household containers. Current control methods like source reduction and larviciding are often unsuccessful. The document then explores promising new vector control tools like the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen, predatory copepods, and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis toxins. It suggests these tools should be further evaluated and that combination strategies may improve control over individual methods.Ovitrap surveys for Aedes aegypti mosquito - V K Gunathilake, N K De Silva, W...
Ovitrap surveys for Aedes aegypti mosquito - V K Gunathilake, N K De Silva, W...Hiran Amarasekera
油
- The study surveyed Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and their seasonal shifts at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura using ovitraps from May 2009 to November 2009.
- Aedes albopictus was the dominant species found both indoors and outdoors, with higher abundance outdoors. Its numbers increased with rainfall.
- Blocked drainage channels were a major breeding site. Containers like buckets and discarded plastics also contributed to breeding.
- Recommendations included maintaining drainage, removing containers and vegetation holding water, and targeted control from May to September to reduce dengue transmission.More Related Content
What's hot (10)
Towards a malaria-free world - Background information
Towards a malaria-free world - Background informationXplore Health
油
The educators' guide 'Toward a Malaria-Free World' provides comprehensive information about malaria including its burden, causative agents, geographical distribution, clinical manifestations, and control measures. It emphasizes the importance of prevention strategies, effective treatments, and the ongoing development of vaccines and research initiatives aimed at malaria eradication. Ethical, legal, and social aspects of malaria are also discussed, highlighting the disease's significant impact on global health.Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteri...
Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteri...RodolfoGamarra
油
This document establishes standardized definitions for multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria to enhance epidemiological surveillance and facilitate international comparisons. It provides specific criteria for defining these resistance profiles in key pathogenic bacteria frequently associated with healthcare settings and emphasizes the need for consistent application of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The initiative involves collaboration among international experts to address the growing public health threat posed by antimicrobial resistance.Public Healthcare (Part 2) Lecture B
Public Healthcare (Part 2) Lecture BCMDLearning
油
This document discusses terrorism and public health in three parts. It begins by introducing four main categories of terrorism: bioterrorism, agricultural terrorism, chemical terrorism, and nuclear/radiation terrorism. It then discusses bioterrorism in more detail, including a history of bioterrorism incidents in the US and the CDC's categorization of bioterrorism agents. It concludes by describing the Laboratory Response Network and providing an overview of the public health response and challenges for the other categories of terrorism.Mold and cystic fibrosis : what can we learn from studying fungal microbiota ?
Mold and cystic fibrosis : what can we learn from studying fungal microbiota ?Laurence Delhaes
油
This document discusses studying the fungal microbiota (mycobiota) in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. It begins by providing background on human microbial diversity and the emerging importance of studying the lung mycobiota. The authors aim to characterize the lung mycobiota in CF patients using deep sequencing techniques and analyze how the mycobiota relates to clinical status and bacterial composition. Preliminary results on 36 sputum samples from CF patients with and without pulmonary exacerbation show no association between common fungi like Aspergillus fumigatus and exacerbation. Principal component analysis of bacterial and fungal genera indicates some correlations and lack of correlation between certain microorganisms. Further statistical analysis is ongoing.Challenges in risk assessment for viruses
Challenges in risk assessment for virusesEFSA EU
油
The document discusses the challenges and opportunities in assessing microbial risks associated with foodborne viral diseases. It highlights the complexities in understanding virus transmission, particularly through fecal contamination and zoonotic events, as well as the genetic diversity and evolution of pathogens like norovirus. The text emphasizes the need for coordinated data sharing and research to improve risk assessment methodologies in the face of emerging viral threats.Is susceptibility to tuberculosis acquired
Is susceptibility to tuberculosis acquiredThanka Elango
油
This document discusses the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in determining susceptibility to tuberculosis. It summarizes recent research showing that some genetic susceptibility factors, like variants in the NRAMP1 gene, have a strong effect on tuberculosis risk only in certain epidemiological settings that involve low prior exposure to mycobacteria. Other susceptibility genes, like one found on chromosome 8q12-q13, appear to have a strong, independent effect regardless of environmental context. The document emphasizes that fully understanding tuberculosis susceptibility requires detailed knowledge of gene-environment interactions, as the same genetic variants may have highly variable effects in different populations and exposure settings.What can we learn from studying fungal microbiota
What can we learn from studying fungal microbiotaLaurence Delhaes
油
The document discusses analyzing the fungal microbiota (mycobiota) in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. It summarizes a study that used high-throughput sequencing to analyze sputum samples from CF patients. The study found greater fungal diversity than previous culture-based methods, identifying 24 fungal genera including Aspergillus. Preliminary results showed associations between decreased fungal diversity and poorer clinical outcomes in CF patients. Larger studies are still needed to better understand the role of the lung mycobiota in CF exacerbations and how it interacts with bacterial communities and clinical status.Disease ecology in multi-host systems at wildlife/livestock interfaces: Conce...
Disease ecology in multi-host systems at wildlife/livestock interfaces: Conce...ILRI
油
The document explores disease ecology in the context of wildlife and livestock interfaces, emphasizing pathogen transmission dynamics and the role of various hosts. It discusses concepts like maintenance hosts, bridge hosts, and target populations, using examples such as bovine tuberculosis and avian influenza. The implications for disease management and conservation practices in transfrontier conservation areas are highlighted, calling for an integrated approach combining epidemiology and ecology.Dr. Peter Davies - Emerging Issues in Antibiotic Resistance Linked to Use in ...
Dr. Peter Davies - Emerging Issues in Antibiotic Resistance Linked to Use in ...John Blue
油
This document discusses the emerging issues of antibiotic resistance, particularly in relation to its use in food animals and its impact on human health. It highlights the evolution of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, the environmental reservoirs of resistant organisms, and specific examples of resistant bacteria linked to food sources. The document also covers various public health threats posed by antibiotic-resistant pathogens and emphasizes the need for better management and stewardship of antibiotic use in agriculture.Epidemic process
Epidemic processJasmine John
油
The document summarizes key aspects of epidemic processes and infectious disease transmission. It describes the three main links that are required for an epidemic process - a source of infection, a transmission mechanism, and a susceptible population. It also outlines various forms an epidemic can take based on incidence levels, such as endemic, epidemic, or pandemic. Factors like periods of disease progression, clinical forms, and mechanisms of transmission determine the epidemiological importance of the infection source.Similar to Poster EMCA 2015 FINAL_TN (20)
Nazareth et al 2014
Nazareth et al 2014Teresa Nazareth
油
This study assessed community perceptions of dengue prevention in Madeira, Portugal through a novel assessment tool. A survey of over 1,000 residents found that perceptions were generally poor, with most respondents only partially understanding key topics and believing various myths. Association was found between low perception scores and presence of mosquito breeding sites in homes. The atypical breeding sites found suggest tailored education is needed to improve perceptions and engagement in dengue prevention activities in this region.Vector-borne diseases - Dengue outbreak in Madeira Island
Vector-borne diseases - Dengue outbreak in Madeira Islandbonniefernley
油
This document summarizes research on a dengue outbreak that occurred in Madeira Island from 2012-2013. Key findings include:
1) The first recorded presence of the mosquito Aedes aegypti in Madeira was in 2005. It has since rapidly dispersed in the southern part of the island.
2) From 2012-2013, there was a major dengue outbreak with over 2,000 probable cases reported across 3 municipalities. No fatalities occurred but 128 people were hospitalized.
3) Entomological studies found that Ae. aegypti in Madeira has high resistance to multiple insecticides. Genetic analysis indicated the population likely originated from a single introduction event from South America.DENGUE SURVEY.pptxnjwjajajshdhdhdhdhjdjddjdn
DENGUE SURVEY.pptxnjwjajajshdhdhdhdhjdjddjdnm7sd4y47jv
油
This document summarizes a dengue survey conducted by Clinical 'C' Batch in 2019. It aimed to identify mosquito breeding sites on a hospital campus to prevent the spread of dengue. The survey found the highest number of breeding sources to be in discarded containers, water storage containers, and coconut shells located near hostels, wards, and staff quarters. Based on the findings, the conclusion recommends prevention through surveillance, case management, reducing mosquito habitats, chemical control, and community education.Surveillance of Mosquito (2).pptx
Surveillance of Mosquito (2).pptxMonicaGambican1
油
This study identified and surveyed the abundance of mosquito species in the College of Agriculture of Benguet State University in La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines. Three mosquito species were found: Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes aegypti. Culex pipiens was the most abundant species collected, making up 80.43% of mosquitoes. The highest number of mosquitoes were found on the ground floor, likely due to the proximity of breeding sites like ornamental plants and containers of water. The results can be used to determine disease risks and to select appropriate preventive control measures to protect students.Dengue
Denguepushpamanjari
油
The document discusses integrated strategies for dengue prevention and control. It outlines the global impact of dengue virus, with 50 million cases each year in over 100 endemic countries. A multi-sectoral approach is needed involving social communication, epidemiological surveillance, entomology, patient care, and laboratories. Key strategies include reducing mosquito breeding sites, using insect repellents, treating patients, and conducting public education campaigns.Dengue control measures
Dengue control measuresJcPaliwal1
油
The document discusses the training of medical officers in Madhya Pradesh regarding vector-borne diseases, particularly dengue and chikungunya, focusing on their symptoms, transmission by Aedes mosquitoes, and the rising incidence of these diseases. It outlines strategies for disease prevention, diagnosis, and management, highlighting the importance of effective vector control and monitoring measures. Additionally, the document emphasizes the need for proper specimen collection for laboratory diagnosis and the implementation of various control plans to reduce the disease burden.3 ENVIRO GROUP 2 correct ed.ppt
3 ENVIRO GROUP 2 correct ed.pptErmiyasBeletew
油
The document from Debre Berhan University discusses the public health importance of mosquitoes, detailing their role as vectors for diseases such as malaria, dengue, and zika virus. It highlights the impact of climate change on mosquito behavior and disease transmission, while also addressing the status of mosquito-borne diseases in Ethiopia and various mosquito control methods. The assignment emphasizes the need for community engagement and integrated pest management to effectively control mosquito populations.Climate change & Aedes aegypti
Climate change & Aedes aegyptiDr. Fatma Ibrahim Abdel-latif Megahed
油
This document summarizes the relationship between the mosquito species Aedes aegypti, which transmits diseases like dengue and Zika, and climate change. It notes that Ae. aegypti thrives in warm, urban environments and that rising global temperatures are expanding its range. Climate change may lead to increased transmission of pathogens as the mosquito spreads to new areas. The document also discusses how mangrove reforestation could help reduce mosquito populations and mentions the role of mangroves in storing carbon and protecting coastlines.Climate Change and Dengue
Climate Change and DengueEmmanuel Taiwo
油
This document summarizes the relationship between weather, climate change, and the transmission of dengue virus. It discusses how climate variables like temperature and precipitation can influence dengue by affecting mosquito vectors and viral replication rates. Studies show dengue incidence correlates with factors like temperature, rainfall, and humidity. Climate change is projected to further expand dengue transmission globally by altering the habitat and populations of mosquito species. Adaptive measures like pre-season vector control can help limit breeding sites and reduce mosquito densities to curb dengue outbreaks linked to seasonal climate patterns.1-Mosquito-Elimin.ppt
1-Mosquito-Elimin.pptssusercf9ebf1
油
The chikungunya virus spread rapidly through the Caribbean starting in late 2013. By July 2014, there were over 442,000 reported cases across 34 countries and territories in the region. Two cases were also reported in Florida, likely the start of a pandemic in the United States as over 300 cases had been diagnosed among returning Caribbean travelers to 34 U.S. states. Mosquito-borne diseases like chikungunya, dengue fever, malaria, and West Nile virus pose serious health risks and installing aquaponics systems could help eliminate mosquito populations and the transmission of these diseases.Control denguae english
Control denguae englishdeden_rockstone12
油
This document summarizes control strategies for dengue vectors. It discusses how dengue is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes breeding in household containers. Current control methods like source reduction and larviciding are often unsuccessful. The document then explores promising new vector control tools like the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen, predatory copepods, and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis toxins. It suggests these tools should be further evaluated and that combination strategies may improve control over individual methods.Ovitrap surveys for Aedes aegypti mosquito - V K Gunathilake, N K De Silva, W...
Ovitrap surveys for Aedes aegypti mosquito - V K Gunathilake, N K De Silva, W...Hiran Amarasekera
油
- The study surveyed Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and their seasonal shifts at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura using ovitraps from May 2009 to November 2009.
- Aedes albopictus was the dominant species found both indoors and outdoors, with higher abundance outdoors. Its numbers increased with rainfall.
- Blocked drainage channels were a major breeding site. Containers like buckets and discarded plastics also contributed to breeding.
- Recommendations included maintaining drainage, removing containers and vegetation holding water, and targeted control from May to September to reduce dengue transmission.Ecology and control of mosquito
Ecology and control of mosquitoUwamose MNO
油
This document discusses the ecology and control of mosquitoes. It notes that over 3,000 mosquito species exist worldwide and breed in various stagnant water sources. Mosquitoes can transmit diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and filariasis to humans and animals. Understanding mosquito ecology, including identifying breeding sites, is important for effective control strategies. Common control methods discussed are insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, larvicides, fish predators, and eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed. Public education on mosquito biology and reducing contact is also key to controlling mosquito-borne diseases.Dengue control programme kma 7 oct. copy
Dengue control programme kma 7 oct. copydrjagannath
油
This document discusses Dengue control programmes in India. It begins with an overview of Dengue as the most common arthropod-borne viral disease affecting urban and peri-urban areas. It then provides details on Dengue virus and clinical syndromes. The majority of the document outlines India's National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme strategies, which include early case detection and treatment, integrated vector management through environmental modification and chemical/biological control, and behavior change communication. Statistics on reported Dengue cases in Maharashtra from 2018 are also presented.Dengue Fever in Southern Florida1Change
Dengue Fever in Southern Florida1ChangeLinaCovington707
油
The document discusses the influence of climate change on the ecology of mosquitoes and the transmission of dengue fever in southern Florida, emphasizing the effects of environmental factors on mosquito behavior and the potential for increased outbreaks. It highlights the growing incidence of dengue, particularly with locally acquired cases, along with the health risks associated with the virus, including severe complications and the dangers posed to pregnant women. The paper underscores the importance of understanding the relationship between climate variables and dengue transmission to inform public health responses and prevention strategies.Dengue fever in southern florida1 change
Dengue fever in southern florida1 changeSONU61709
油
This document discusses how climate change is contributing to an increase in dengue fever cases in Southern Florida. Warmer temperatures associated with climate change are causing changes in mosquito ecology that allow disease-carrying mosquitoes like Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to thrive and expand their ranges. This has increased encounters between mosquitoes and humans, leading to more dengue virus transmission and outbreaks in Southern Florida in recent decades after the disease was previously eliminated in the 1930s. The effects of climate change like rising temperatures, heavier rainfall, and sea level rise are expected to further exacerbate the dengue situation by creating more favorable conditions for mosquito growth and survival.Growing Threat of Vector Borne Diseases
Growing Threat of Vector Borne DiseasesBrown Grayson
油
The document discusses the increasing threat of vector-borne diseases, particularly highlighting the resurgence of diseases like yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya due to factors such as urbanization, mutations of pathogens, and increased human mobility. It emphasizes the inadequacy of current vaccine production and the urgent need for effective mosquito control strategies. The author calls for community participation and long-term educational initiatives to manage and mitigate the spread of these diseases.IFEH regional conference 2006
IFEH regional conference 2006Veeramohan Supramaniam
油
The document provides a summary of the 1st IFEH Asia and Pacific Conference on Environmental Health held in 2006 in Malaysia. The conference focused on sustainable management of dengue and had 31 presentations across various topics related to dengue prevention and control. Key recommendations from the conference included strengthening environmental health services, adopting cost-effective dengue prevention at the local level, and reassessing urban infrastructure design to enable preventive vector control.Effects of dengue incidence on socio economic status of patients family-a co...
Effects of dengue incidence on socio economic status of patients family-a co...Alexander Decker
油
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the effects of dengue incidence on the socio-economic status of patients' families in Multan and Lahore, Pakistan. It provides background on dengue fever, including causes, symptoms, and regions affected. It notes dengue's increasing prevalence and economic burden. The study aims to explore how dengue impacts families' social and economic conditions, including direct and indirect costs. It will compare the effects in Multan and Lahore and identify factors driving dengue's spread and potential remedies. The literature review discusses previous research finding relationships between dengue, seasonal variations, and socio-economic status. Studies show dengue poses economic hardships and knowledge gaps drive outbreaks. Community involvementprevention of dengue
prevention of denguepoovvizhi swamy
油
This document discusses various methods for controlling the spread of dengue, including larvicides, adulticides, and environmental management. Larvicides like Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and temephos can prevent mosquito larvae from maturing. Adulticides like malathion and pyrethroid insecticides are applied by air or ground to combat outbreaks. Environmental management focuses on improving water supply and waste disposal. Surveillance and source reduction are also important to reduce mosquito breeding sites and lower transmission risks.Ad
Poster EMCA 2015 FINAL_TN
- 1. References: 1. SousaCA, ClairouinM,Seixas G, ViveirosB, NovoMT,et al. (2012) Ongoingoutbreakof denguetype 1 in the AutonomousRegion ofMadeira,Portugal:preliminaryreport.EuroSurveill17: 811 2. Seixas G (2012) Aedes (Stegomyia)aegypti (Diptera,Culicidae)from MadeiraIsland:geographicaloriginandinsecticide resistanceUniversidadeNova deLisboa. 3. NazarethT, Teod坦sio R,Porto G, Gon巽alvesL, Seixas G, et al. (2014) Strengtheningtheperception-assessmenttoolsfor dengueprevention:a cross-sectionalsurveyin a temperate region (Madeira, Portugal).BMCPublicHealth14: 39. Acknowledgements: ProjectoFCT- Dengueno Arquip辿lagodaMadeira- Ref: PTDC/SAL-EPI/115853/2009 GABBA FCT Bolsa de doutoramento Ref : SFRH / BD / 51012 / 2010 Planning dengue-preventive campaigns: Aedes aegyptis breeding sites and community perceptions in Madeira Island futuros surtos. p < 0.001 (Mann-Whitney test) I - - Flower pot dish (52.7%) - Out-door sinks (35.7%) - Floor water accumulation (23.3%) - Flower jar (21.7%) - Pet water dish (18.8%) - Flower pot/ bucket (14.1%) - Rubbin bish (uncovered) (10.3%) - Rain gutters (6.9%) - Other material (toys, ashtrays, etc.) (6.8%) - Water flower (5.7 %) - Rubbish (on th floor) (5.4%) - Toleit pan (not used often) (2.3%) - Water tank/well (2.3%) - Fridge trays (2.2%) - Lake/cascade (1.9%) - Drum/container (1.2%) - Building material (1.2%) - Rubble (1.1%) - Swiming pool (untreated and uncovered) (0.5%) - Tyres (0.5%) - Pieces of glass on wall (0.3 %) Flower-pot dishes were the most frequent Ae. aegyptis breeding site. Results suggest an atypical infestation pattern consisting of d辿cor/leisure containers (rather than the commonly reported waste-disposal and water- supply ones). This work constitutes the first entomological report in European countries. 3.1. 2. 4. 5. Two cross-sectional surveys were performed (A): one entomological to describe the presence / type of breeding sites in communitys households, and one epidemiological, to assess individuals perceptions regarding the elimination of breeding sites. The latter was evaluated through a score-based tool (B) which measures the level of understanding of this proposed behavior [3]. 1GABBA Doctoral Program, ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 2GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine; 3Unidade Cl鱈nica Tropical, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal; 4Basic & Clinical Research on Iron Biology, IBMC, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Porto, Portugal; 5Unidade de Sa炭de P炭blica e Internacional e Bioestat鱈stica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal; 6Centro de Estat鱈stica e Aplica巽探es da Universidade de Lisboa (CEAUL), Lisboa, Portugal; 7Unidade de Parasitologia M辿dica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal; 8Departamento de Sa炭de, Planeamento e Administra巽達o Geral, Instituto de Administra巽達o da Sa炭de e Assuntos Sociais, Madeira, Portugal; Nazareth T1,2,, Teod坦sio R2,3, Porto G1,4, Gon巽alves L2,5,6, Novo MT2,7, Seixas G2,7, Silva AC8, Sousa CA2,7 Concept 1 - Knew that mosquitoes can transmit diseases Concept 2 - Presented a correct example of a mosquito-borne disease Concept 3 - Recognized the presence of mosquitoes that can transmit disease Concept 4 - Considered the high-possibility of dengue emergence in Madeira Concept 5 - Knew that mosquitoes can breed inside houses Concept 6 - Considered the relevance of the vector-control in the domestic area Concept 7 - Recognized water-containers as a mosquito breeding contributor Concept 8 Did not recognize false* mosquito breeding contributors Concept 9 - Recognized breeding-site removal as a effective measure Concept 10 Did not recognize erroneous practices as effective Households WITHOUT breeding sites Residents reveal an EP-score > 7 Households WITH breeding sites Residents reveal an EP-score < 7 A Entomological and epidemiological cross-sectional survey B Essential Perception Score (EP-score, 0-10 points) C - List of prospected breeding-sites and respective prevalence D Scheme of the TOP 5 most frequent breeding sites E Association between communitys perceptions and practices RESULTS BACKGROUND There is still no vaccine nor anti-viral treatment available, hence vector control strategies remain key for dengue prevention/control. Given the reported high-resistance levels to critical insecticides of the local Ae. aegyptis population [2], the promotion of source-reduction activities based on the elimination of larvae habitats/breeding sites is, thus, mandatory as the unique preventive strategy currently available. Moreover, by assessing community perceptions regarding source reduction activities and simultaneously checking the presence of breeding sites in their households, it aims to compare individuals Since Ae. aegyptis breeding sites are commonly water containers placed inside or around human households, the community participation is decisive in its elimination. With the arrival of Aedes aegypti into Madeira Territory, and mainly after its first dengue outbreak in 2012 [1], the planning of preventing campaigns is a priority for local and European public health. perceptions and respective source bbbbreduction practices. This study aims to describe the most frequent Ae. aegypti breeding sites in Madeiras infested areas, in order to prioritize which water containers must be preferably eliminated. METHODS CONCLUSIONS Findings will not only guide the planning of target-oriented local campaigns, but also will support a global reflection on dengue prevention in urbanized regions. Finally, present entomological survey enabled the validation of the EP-score as a tool to assess community perceptions regarding breeding site elimination. A total of 1276 households/residents participated in the study. Participants and their houses were randomly out of an universe of 13 433 adult residents in the infested area, fulfilling the objectives of this study (90% confidence level and 2.5% precision error).