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POSTERIOR PALATAL
SEAL (PPS): A brief
review
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & INNOVATIVE
RESEARCH
2014
1
PRESENTED BY,
DR. PRAGATI AGRAWAL
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INTRODUCTION
 Posterior palatal seal area is
stated as “the soft tissues along
the junction of the hard and soft
palates on which pressure within
the physiologic limits of the
tissues can be applied by a
denture to aid in the retention of
the denture.”
-- GPT
2
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FUNCTIONS OF POSTERIOR
PALATAL SEAL
 Ettinger and Scandrett:-
1. to provide retention
2. prevents ingress of fluid, air, and food between denture and tissue
3. diminishes gagging reflex
4. provides embedded sunken distal border which is less conspicuous to
tongue
5. supplies a thick border to counteract denture warpage due to
dimensional changes during the polymerization shrinkage of methyl
methacrylate resin.
 Weintraub added following:
1. adds confidence and comfort to the patient by enhancing retention
2. establishes a positive contact posteriorly, and therefore prevents the final
impression material from sliding down into the pharynx
3
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4
POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL AREA
PTERYGO-
MAXILLARY
SEAL
POST
PALATAL
SEAL
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5
POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL LIES BETWEEN
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIBRATING LINES
Anterior vibrating line is an
imaginary line located at the
junction of the attached tissues
overlying the hard palate and the
tissues of the immediately adjacent
soft palate.
Posterior vibrating line is an
imaginary line at the junction of
aponeurosis of tensor veli palatine
muscles and the muscular portion
of the soft palate. It represents
demarcation between slightly
movable part of soft palate and
highly movable part of soft palate.
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LOCATING ANTERIOR VIBRATING
LINE
1. Valsalva maneuver
2. Ah line – short vigorous burst
LOCATING POSTERIOR VIBRATING
LINE
Ah line – short burst in a normal,
unexaggerated fashion.
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CLASSIFICATION OF SOFT PALATE M.M.
HOUSE
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METHODS OF RECORDING POSTERIOR
PALATAL SEAL
 CONVENTIONAL APPROACH (WINKLER TECHNIQUE)
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 FLUID WAX TECHNIQUE (FUNCTIONAL /
PHYSIOLOGICAL)
 ARBITRARY SCRAPING
OF MASTER CAST
9
• MODIFIED BORDER
MOULDING TECHNIQUE
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 EXTENDED PALATAL TECHNIQUE (SILVERMANN)
• Complete maxillary dentures can be extended for an
average distance of 8.2 mm dorsally to the “vibrating line”
or flexion line where the soft palate joins the hard palate.
 BOUCHER’S TECHNIQUE
• The width of the posterior palatal seal is limited to a bead
on the denture that is 1.5 mm deep and 1.5 mm broad at
its base with a sharp apex. The resulting design is a
beaded posterior palatal seal.
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DIAGNOSIS CAUSES CORRECTION
OVER-
EXTENSION
• Painful and
difficulty in
swallowing due
to ulceration in
soft palate.
• Rapid
extension of
denture base.
• Selective relief
of pressure
areas and
minimize the
distal length.
UNDER-
EXTENSION
• Loss of physical
retention.
• Consideration
of fovea
palatine as the
terminating
border.
• Over-trimming
due to fear of
gagging.
• Adding a
posterior
palatal seal to
existing
denture.
TROUBLESHOOTING
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DIAGNOSIS CAUSES CORRECTION
OVER-
POSTDAMMING
• Displacement
of posterior
border
inferiorly.
• Mild irritation.
• Due to
aggressive
scraping of
the cast.
• Selective reduction
of denture border
with bur followed
by light pumicing.
UNDER-
POSTDAMMING
• By placing the
wet denture
and gently
pressing in
mid-palatal
region.
Observe for air
bubbles
through distal
denture
border.
• Improper
technique
of
recording
PPS.
• Recording
PPS in a
wide open
position.
• Conventional
technique-score
the cast and
readapt the
denture base.
• Fluid wax
technique, add
more wax and
prevent the patient
from opening the
mouth.
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ADDITION OF POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL TO
EXISTING DENTURE
 Moghadam and Scandrett
• Fluid wax technique for
recording posterior palatal seal
and addition of posterior palatal
seal with auto-polymerizing
acrylic resin.
 Ansari
• Recording posterior palatal seal
on existing denture using
modeling compound and
prepare a cast using putty
material and replacing modeling
compound with auto-
polymerizing resin.
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 Sato
• Adding posterior palatal seal immediately to existing denture by
use of cross-linked reline resin, light polymerized reline resins, or
dual polymerized reline resins with fabrication of silicone putty core
intraorally.
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CONCLUSION
 The recording of posterior palatal seal is of great
signiﬁcance, because it is vital factor in establishing
the peripheral seal which enhances retention by
utilizing the atmospheric pressure.
 According to Tilton- No step in the denture
construction should be stopped short of perfection.
Thus, the posterior palatal seal should be prepared with
an understanding of patient palatal throat form,
anatomical boundaries, extent and depth of displaceable
tissues for successful, retentive, functional, and
biological acceptable complete denture prosthesis.
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CROSS REFERANCES
 The posterior palatal seal: Its rationale and importance: An overview;
Shelly Goyal, Mukesh K Goyal, Dhanasekar Balkrishanan, Veena
Hegde, Aparna I Narayana; European Journal of Prosthodontics | May-
Aug 2014 | Vol 2 | Issue 2 |
 Evolution of Techniques in Recording Posterior Palatal Seal – A Review;
Rajakumari Natarajan, Priyadharshini Ramesh, Sunantha Selvaraj and
Jayashree Mohan; Journal of Academy of Dental Education Vol 3 (1)|
2017
 Ansari IH. A procedure for adding posterior palatal seal to an existing
denture in dental office. J Prosthet Dent 1994;72:449.
 Sato Y. Immediate maxillary denture base extension. J Prosthet Dent
2000;83:371-3.
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