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Power Point Ch 1 Psy492

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This document provides an overview of the key concepts from the first chapter of an introductory psychology textbook. It discusses what makes psychology unique as a scientific field, the goals of psychology like describing and explaining behavior, the historical foundations and evolution of modern psychology from structuralism to current perspectives, and what types of work psychologists engage in like research and application of principles.

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Richard J. Gerrig, Ph.D. Philip G. Zimbardo, Ph.D. Advanced General Psychology Instructor: Vickie Wingard, S.S.P. NCSP [email_address] Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008 An Overview of Psychology: Its Past and Present, Your Future A PowerPoint 際際滷 Presentation for
Chapter 1 Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008 Psychology and Life Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education Group. Developed and prepared by M Lisa Valentino. This Allyn and Bacon multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law.The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission over any network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Chapter 1 Main Points What makes psychology unique? Psychologys Goals The evolution of modern psychology Historical Foundations Current Perspectives What psychologists do Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
What Makes Psychology Unique? Psychology defined - The scientific study of the behavior of individuals and their mental processes Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
What Makes Psychology Unique? Scientific Method defined - Set of procedures used for gathering and interpreting objective information in a way that minimizes error and yields dependable generalizations Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
What Makes Psychology Unique? Behavior defined - The observable actions by which an organism adjusts to its environment Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
The Goals of Psychology Describing what happens Behavioral data Levels of analysis Objectivity Explaining what happens - Synthesis of information Predicting what will happen - Scientific vs. causal prediction Controlling what will happen - Prevention and intervention Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Lets name ten behaviors psychologist might want to control. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Describing What Happens Behavioral Data defined Behavioral data are reports of observations about behavior and conditions under which they occur Researchers choose an appropriate level of analysis Measures of behavioral data must be objective Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Explaining What Will Happen Descriptions describe what happened Explanations look to explain how behavior works Internal factors Genetic makeup, motivation, intelligence External factors Situational factors Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Predicting What Will Happen A Closer Look at Scientific Prediction - Based on an understanding of the ways events relate to one another - Suggests what mechanisms link those events to certain predictors A Closer look at Causal Prediction - Specifies conditions under which behaviors will change Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Controlling What Happens Control means making behavior happen or not happen Ways of helping improve the quality of life Prevention Intervention Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Evolution of Modern Psychology Historical Foundations Psychology has a long history but a short past (H. Ebbinghaus, 1908) School of Structuralism School of Functionalism Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Evolution of Modern Psychology School of Structuralism - Contents of the mind and concept of reductionism All human mental experience can be understood as a combination of simple elements or events - Wilhelm Wundt - First psychological experimental laboratory - Edward Titchener - Brought Structuralism to America - Max Wertheimer - Concept of Gestalt psychology Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Evolution of Modern Psychology School of Functionalism - Minds with a purpose and a property -William James The function of mind and behavior in an organisms interactions with the environment - John Dewey - American Functionalism and progressive education Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Fathers of Psychology Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008 Wilhelm Wundt Set up an experimental lab at Leipzig in 1875 William James Set up an experimental lab at Harvard in 1875
Evolution of Modern Psychology G. Stanley Hall - Founded the APA in 1892 Women in Psychology: Margaret Washburn First female to earn a doctorate degree (Ph.D.) in psychology in 1894 Psychology remains a popular major today More women today are obtaining advanced degrees in the field Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Current Psychological Perspectives Psychodynamic perspective Behaviorist perspective Humanistic perspective Cognitive perspective Biological perspective Evolutionary perspective Sociocultural perspective Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Current Psychological Perspectives Psychodynamic perspective Key Figure: Sigmund Freud Behavior is explained in terms of inherited instincts, biological drive, and attempts to resolve conflicts Focus is on the unconscious Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2eyP6iY5Do&feature=related
Current Psychological Perspectives Behavioral perspective - Key Figures: John Watson, B.F. Skinner - Primarily concerned with observable behavior that can be objectively recorded Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
www.bing.com/videos/watch/video/bf-skinner-foundation-pigeon-turn/deb92c2d7feffbc6364adeb92c2d7feffbc6364a-395958878215?q=Videos+of+BF+Skinner&FORM=VIRE5 Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Current Psychological Perspectives Humanistic perspective - Key Figures: Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow Emphasizes an individuals inherent capacity for making rational choices and developing to maximum potential Self-actualization Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Humanistic Perspective Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008 Carl Rogers (1902-1987) Individuals have a natural tendency toward psychological growth and health Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) Coined the term self-actualization to refer to each individuals drive toward the fullest development of his or her potential
Current Psychological Perspectives Cognitive perspective Human thought and the process of knowing and thinking Behavior occurs because people think Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Current Psychological Perspectives Biological perspective Focuses on the functioning of the genes, brain, nervous system, and endocrine system Behavior is explained in terms of underlying physical structures and biochemical processes Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Current Psychological Perspectives Evolutionary perspective Key Figures: Charles Darwin- Published Origin of the Species in 1859 Importance of behavioral and mental adaptiveness Natural selection Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Current Psychological Perspectives Sociocultural perspective - Cross-cultural differences in the causes and consequences of behavior Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Current Psychological Perspectives Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
What Psychologists Do Engage in psychological inquiry Formulate questions to be researched Conduct various forms of research Apply psychological principles Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
What Psychologists Do? Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
Recapping Chapter 1 Main Points What makes psychology unique? Definitions Goals of psychology The evolution of modern psychology Psychologys Historical Foundations Current Psychological Perspectives What psychologists do Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
End of Chapter 1 Psychology and Life Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008

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Power Point Ch 1 Psy492

  • 1. Richard J. Gerrig, Ph.D. Philip G. Zimbardo, Ph.D. Advanced General Psychology Instructor: Vickie Wingard, S.S.P. NCSP [email_address] Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008 An Overview of Psychology: Its Past and Present, Your Future A PowerPoint 際際滷 Presentation for
  • 2. Chapter 1 Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008 Psychology and Life Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education Group. Developed and prepared by M Lisa Valentino. This Allyn and Bacon multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law.The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission over any network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
  • 3. Chapter 1 Main Points What makes psychology unique? Psychologys Goals The evolution of modern psychology Historical Foundations Current Perspectives What psychologists do Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 4. What Makes Psychology Unique? Psychology defined - The scientific study of the behavior of individuals and their mental processes Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 5. What Makes Psychology Unique? Scientific Method defined - Set of procedures used for gathering and interpreting objective information in a way that minimizes error and yields dependable generalizations Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 6. What Makes Psychology Unique? Behavior defined - The observable actions by which an organism adjusts to its environment Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 7. The Goals of Psychology Describing what happens Behavioral data Levels of analysis Objectivity Explaining what happens - Synthesis of information Predicting what will happen - Scientific vs. causal prediction Controlling what will happen - Prevention and intervention Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 8. Lets name ten behaviors psychologist might want to control. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 9. Describing What Happens Behavioral Data defined Behavioral data are reports of observations about behavior and conditions under which they occur Researchers choose an appropriate level of analysis Measures of behavioral data must be objective Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 10. Explaining What Will Happen Descriptions describe what happened Explanations look to explain how behavior works Internal factors Genetic makeup, motivation, intelligence External factors Situational factors Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 11. Predicting What Will Happen A Closer Look at Scientific Prediction - Based on an understanding of the ways events relate to one another - Suggests what mechanisms link those events to certain predictors A Closer look at Causal Prediction - Specifies conditions under which behaviors will change Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 12. Controlling What Happens Control means making behavior happen or not happen Ways of helping improve the quality of life Prevention Intervention Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 13. Evolution of Modern Psychology Historical Foundations Psychology has a long history but a short past (H. Ebbinghaus, 1908) School of Structuralism School of Functionalism Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 14. Evolution of Modern Psychology School of Structuralism - Contents of the mind and concept of reductionism All human mental experience can be understood as a combination of simple elements or events - Wilhelm Wundt - First psychological experimental laboratory - Edward Titchener - Brought Structuralism to America - Max Wertheimer - Concept of Gestalt psychology Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 15. Evolution of Modern Psychology School of Functionalism - Minds with a purpose and a property -William James The function of mind and behavior in an organisms interactions with the environment - John Dewey - American Functionalism and progressive education Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 16. Fathers of Psychology Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008 Wilhelm Wundt Set up an experimental lab at Leipzig in 1875 William James Set up an experimental lab at Harvard in 1875
  • 17. Evolution of Modern Psychology G. Stanley Hall - Founded the APA in 1892 Women in Psychology: Margaret Washburn First female to earn a doctorate degree (Ph.D.) in psychology in 1894 Psychology remains a popular major today More women today are obtaining advanced degrees in the field Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 18. Current Psychological Perspectives Psychodynamic perspective Behaviorist perspective Humanistic perspective Cognitive perspective Biological perspective Evolutionary perspective Sociocultural perspective Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 19. Current Psychological Perspectives Psychodynamic perspective Key Figure: Sigmund Freud Behavior is explained in terms of inherited instincts, biological drive, and attempts to resolve conflicts Focus is on the unconscious Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 20. Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2eyP6iY5Do&feature=related
  • 21. Current Psychological Perspectives Behavioral perspective - Key Figures: John Watson, B.F. Skinner - Primarily concerned with observable behavior that can be objectively recorded Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 23. Current Psychological Perspectives Humanistic perspective - Key Figures: Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow Emphasizes an individuals inherent capacity for making rational choices and developing to maximum potential Self-actualization Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 24. Humanistic Perspective Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008 Carl Rogers (1902-1987) Individuals have a natural tendency toward psychological growth and health Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) Coined the term self-actualization to refer to each individuals drive toward the fullest development of his or her potential
  • 25. Current Psychological Perspectives Cognitive perspective Human thought and the process of knowing and thinking Behavior occurs because people think Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 26. Current Psychological Perspectives Biological perspective Focuses on the functioning of the genes, brain, nervous system, and endocrine system Behavior is explained in terms of underlying physical structures and biochemical processes Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 27. Current Psychological Perspectives Evolutionary perspective Key Figures: Charles Darwin- Published Origin of the Species in 1859 Importance of behavioral and mental adaptiveness Natural selection Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 28. Current Psychological Perspectives Sociocultural perspective - Cross-cultural differences in the causes and consequences of behavior Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 29. Current Psychological Perspectives Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 30. What Psychologists Do Engage in psychological inquiry Formulate questions to be researched Conduct various forms of research Apply psychological principles Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 31. What Psychologists Do? Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 32. Recapping Chapter 1 Main Points What makes psychology unique? Definitions Goals of psychology The evolution of modern psychology Psychologys Historical Foundations Current Psychological Perspectives What psychologists do Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008
  • 33. End of Chapter 1 Psychology and Life Copyright 息 Allyn & Bacon 2008